Lecture 14: Complex Movements Flashcards
1
Q
What are the general functions of muscle?
A
- Heat production
- Posture
- Movement
- Communication
2
Q
What’re some features of quadrupedal standing?
A
- Base of support (large)
- Legs flexed at several joints
3
Q
What are some features of bipedal standing?
A
- Relatively small area of contact with ground
- Plantar surface of feet
- Energy efficient
4
Q
Gravity is able to work as an ______ or ______.
A
- When we stand up, gravity acts as antagonist
- When we sit down, gravity acts as agonist
5
Q
Bipedal standing in the hip joint (anatomical solution)
A
- Posterior to joint
- Joint pushed into extension
- Extensions = ligaments are tight
- Capsular ligaments of the hip joint extended, take more strain
6
Q
Bipedal standing at the knee joint
A
- Anterior to joint
- Knee is locked
- Ligaments are tight
7
Q
Bipedal standing at ankle
A
- Falls into dorsiflexion
- Anterior to joint
- Not locked
- Very little muscular effort
8
Q
Gait Cycle phases:
A
- Stance
- Swing
9
Q
Stance (60%) Phase:
A
- Initial contact (heel strike) (early stance)
- Mid Stance
- Terminal Stance (toe off)
10
Q
Swing (40%) Phase:
A
- Dorsiflexion
- Initial swing
- Mid swing
- Terminal swing
11
Q
What muscles cause flexion at the knee?
A
- Hamstrings
12
Q
What muscles causes dorsiflexion?
A
- Tibialis anterior (agonist / concentric)
13
Q
What muscles causes plantarflexion?
A
- Triceps surae
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
14
Q
What muscles cause extension at the knee?
A
- Quadriceps femoris
