Lecture 17

Question 1

Test cross

Answer 1

How to determine the genotype of a purple flowered plants plant

Question 2

Another use of a test cross

Answer 2

Deciding if 2 genes are linked

Also used to determine if 2 genes in a dihybrid cross are on the same or different chromosomes

Question 3

Probability

Answer 3

Extent to which an event is likely to occur

Measured by the ratio of the favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible

Always ranges from 0-1

0- not happening
1- will happen 100%

Question 4

Product multiplication rule

Answer 4

When 2 or more events are independent, probability they both occur is calculated by multiplying their individual probabilities

Question 5

Independent events

Answer 5

Indépendant if they don’t influence each other (2 dice)

Question 6

Sum (addition) rule

Answer 6

When 2 or more events are mutually exclusive, the probability that either will occur is calculated by adding their individual probabilities

Question 7

Mutually exclusive

Answer 7

Events are mutually exclusive if they cannot both happen

Question 8

Dihybrid cross

Answer 8

Crossing things that are heterozygous for 2 different traits

Question 9

Principle of independent assortment

Answer 9

Alleles of genes that govern the 2 characteristics segregate independently during formation of gametes

Ie. allele for seed shape has nothing to do with colour

Question 10

Non-Mendelian inheritance

Answer 10

Alleles of some genes exhibit different degrees of dominance and recessiveness in relation to each other

Question 11

Antigens

Answer 11

Different blood types cause expression of unique carbohydrates on the surface of red blood cells called antigens

Question 12

How does codominance differ from incomplete dominance

Answer 12

Codominance is different bc

In heterozygous individuals express both alleles simultaneously without blending

Question 13

Codominance

Answer 13

Alleles have approximately equal effects in individuals making alleles equally detectable in phenotypes of heterozygotes

Question 14

Incomplete dominance

Answer 14

True breeding red. True breeding white flowers

C^R C^R x C^W C^W -> C^R C^W

Or a pink flower

Question 15

Are there dominant alleles in codominance

Answer 15

No

Question 16

How to do blood type crosses

Multiple alleles

Answer 16

I^ A or I^B or i

Do a regular cross with them

Question 17

Which blood type alleles are dominant

Answer 17

I^A and I^B are dominant to i

Question 18

A blood type genotype

Answer 18

I^A I^A

Or I^A i

Question 19

B blood type genotypes

Answer 19

I^B I^B

Or

I^B i

Question 20

AB blood type genotype

Answer 20

I^A I^B

Question 21

O blood type genotype

Answer 21

ii