Lab 2 Flashcards
Cell wall
Relatively rigid layer found immediately outside plasma membrane in bacteria. Archaea. Plants. Fungi. And some protists
Function:
Provide support and protection for the cell
Central vacuole
Membrane-bound organelle in plant cells that functions in storage of water. Enzymes. Ions. Proteins. Pigments. And toxins.
Provides support to plant cell through maintenance of turgor pressure
Chloroplast
Chlorophyll containing organelle where photosynthesis occurs.
Found only in plants and algae (algal protists)
Chromoplast
Plastid that contains pigments (caretenoids) giving coloration to flowers and fruits
Makes them attractive to animals for pollination and seed dispersal
Cilia
Short cellular appendages that facilitate locomotion
Or to sweep fluid over the surface of the cell
Contractile vacuole
Membrane- bound organelle involved in osmoregulation in animal-like protists
Cytoplasm
Fluid region of the cell contained within the plasma membrane containing cytosol, organelles, and cytoskeleton
Functions in creating an environment for the processes that take place in the cell
(Movement of cell contents, metabolic pathways)
Cytoskeleton microtubules
Hollow protein filament that is part of cytoskeleton
Responsible for structure and movement of cilia and flagella, cell organization and shape, composed of protein tubulin
Cytoskeleton microfilaments
Thin type of protein filament that forms part of the cytoskeleton
Important in cell strength, shape and movement
Responsible for pseudopodia formation in amoeba
Composed of the protein actin
Flagella
Long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion in some cells
Ex sperm tail
Food vacuole
vacuole present in animal-like protists and some cells of multicellular animals
Contains food particles engulfed by cell
Golgi apparatus
Organelle made up of flattened, membrane-bound compartments that modify, store, and ship products of the endoplasmic reticulum
Leucoplast
Type of plastid that lacks pigment
Different kinds of leucoplasts produce and store different macromolecules (fat, protein, starch)
Lysosome
Small membrane-bound organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest a cells food and wastes
Mitochondria
Organelle that carries out cellular respiration and supplies most of the cells ATP (energy)
Nucleolus
Prominent region in the nucleus of non dividing cells where ribosome subunit assembly occurs
Nucleus
Membrane bound organelle containing most of the cells genetic material;
Controls cell function (by directing protein synthesis)
Site of DNA synthesis and RNA transcription
Plasma membrane
Selectively permeable membrane that separates a cells contents from the surrounding environment and regulates passage of substances in and out of the cell
Ribosome
A structure made up of rRNA and protein
Found in cytoplasm
Synthesizes protein
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Part of the ER that is studded with ribosomes
Plays a key role in initial synthesis and sorting of proteins for export
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum with no ribosomes
Functions in lipid synthesis and modification, detoxification of drugs and alcohol, Ca2+ storage, and glycogen breakdown
Vesicle
A small membrane bound structure found within eukaryotic cells. May contain macromolecules (proteins, lipids) for storage, transportation, or secretion
Cytoskeleton
Network of protein filaments in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell
Includes microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments
