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Human Anatomy > Lecture 16 - Respiratory System > Flashcards

Lecture 16 - Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is a part of the Upper Respiratory Track?

A
  • nose
  • nasal cavity
  • pharynx
  • associated structures
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2
Q

What is a part of the Lower Respiratory Track?

A
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • lungs
  • bronchioles
  • alveoli
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3
Q

What is the respiratory mucosa?

A

Respiratory passages are lined by a mucous membrane called the respiratory mucosa.
- It traps dirt and debris that we breathe in, warms the air we breathe in, and humidifies the air we breathe in.

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4
Q

Explain the structure of respiratory mucosa.

A

The mucosa is composed of an epithelium resting on a basement membrane and an underlying lamina propria. The epithelium is ciliated and contains goblet cells.

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5
Q

Explain the Nasal Cavity.

A

Extends from the nares to choana. Has 2 parts.
- Floor: composed of a soft and hard palate
- Roof: composed of the nasal, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones

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6
Q

What is the Nasal Septum?

A

It divides the right and left sides of the nose. Has 2 parts.
- Anterior: septal nasal cartilage
- Posterior: ethmoid & vomer bones

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7
Q

What is the Conchae?

A

Bony ridges on the lateral walls of the nose with meatuses between them. Has superior, middle, and inferior portions.
- They create air turbulence

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8
Q

Identify

A

Nares

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9
Q

Identify

A

Nasal Cavity

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10
Q

Identify

A

Conchae

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11
Q

Identify

A

Hard Palate

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12
Q

Identify

A

Soft Palate

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13
Q

Identify

A

Nasal Septum

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14
Q

What is the Olfactory Epithelium?

A

A special epithelium that helps with the sense of smell, located in the nasal cavity.
- Have olfactory neurons that sends messages to cranial nerves where were able to process smells.

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15
Q

Identify

A

Olfactory Epithelium

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16
Q

Identify

A

Olfactory Neurons

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17
Q

Identify

A

Olfactory Bulb

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18
Q

Identify

A

Olfactory Tract

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19
Q

What is the Pharynx?

A

Another word for pharynx is “throat”
- It’s a muscular tunnel and it’s part of both the respiration and digestive systems. It has 3 parts.
* Nasopharynx
* Oropharynx
* Laryngopharynx

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20
Q

Explain the Nasopharynx.

A

Located directly posterior to the nasal cavity. It extends down to the soft palate.

  • Moves only air.
  • Has a specialized type of epithelium (Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium) that contains goblet cells (that contains mucus) and cilla (to move things through the mucus).
  • Openings of Eustachian (auditory) tubes
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21
Q

Explain the Oropharynx.

A

Located directly posterior to the oral cavity. Runs from the soft palate to the epiglottis.
- Moves air, food, and liquid
- Has moist stratified squamous epithelium.

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22
Q

Explain the Laryngopharynx.

A

Located posterior to the larynx. Runs from the epiglottis to the esophagus.
- Moves food and drinks
- Has moist stratified squamous epithelium.

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23
Q

Identify

A

Nasopharynx

24
Q

Identify

A

Oropharynx

25
Identify
Laryngopharynx
26
What is the Larynx?
(Voice box) houses the structures that produce sound. Acts as a passageway for air to move between the pharynx and trachea. Consists of 9 cartilages: * Singular: Thyroid, Cricoid, Epiglottis * Pairs: Arytenoids, Corniculate, Cuneiform
27
Explain the Thyroid cartilage in the larynx.
Protects the vocal cords.
28
Explain the Cricoid cartilage in the larynx.
Important for muscle attachment, for muscles that move the vocal cords. (we wouldn't be able to change how we sound without it)
29
Explain the Epiglottis cartilage in the larynx.
Elastic cartilage. It makes sure the airway is covered when we swallow food and drink
30
Explain the ligaments of the larynx.
Ligaments extend from the arytenoid cartilages to the thyroid cartilage. 2 pairs. - False vocal folds / Ventricular folds (don't produce sound) - True vocal folds (do produce sound)
31
Identify
Larynx
32
Identify
Epiglottis
33
Identify
Vocal cords
34
What are the functions Larynx?
Maintain an open passage for air movement - Epiglottis and vestibular folds prevent swallowed material from moving into the larynx - Vocal folds are the primary source of sound production
35
What is the Trachea?
Known as the windpipe. It's a membranous tube supported by 15-20 cartilage c-shaped rings made of hyaline cartilage that branches into 2 primary bronchi. - The cartilage rings are important for keeping the airway open and it allows food to easily pass through the esophagus. - The trachea brings air to the lungs through its multiple branches.
36
Explain the Tracheobronchial Tree.
* The trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi that enters the lungs at the hilum. * The primary bronchi then divide again into secondary bronchi * The secondary bronchi then divide again into tertiary bronchi that supply segments of the lungs * The tertiary bronchi then branch again into very small terminal bronchioles As the tubes become smaller, the amount of cartilage decreases, and the amount of smooth muscle increases.
37
Identify
Trachea
38
Identify
L Main Bronchus
39
Identify
R Main Bronchus
40
What is the Conduction Zone?
Passageway for air to move into and out of lungs. No gas exchange occurs.
41
What is the Respiratory Zone?
Allows inhaled oxygen to diffuse into the lung capillaries in exchange for carbon dioxide. Gas exchange occurs. (structures deep within the lungs)
42
Explain the Respiratory Zone in detail.
Respiratory bronchioles branch from terminal bronchioles - Respiratory bronchioles give rise to alveolar ducts which end as alveolar sacs. There is 300+ million alveoli per lung - Account for most of the lung's volume and provide a tremendous surface area for gas exchange.
43
What is the Respiratory Membrane?
How alveoli contact and interact with capillaries.
44
Explain the cells of the Respiratory Membrane.
Alveoli is made of the following cells: Type 1 pneumocytes - Epithelial cells that form the wall of the alveoli. Their function is to work in gas exchange. Type 2 pneumocytes - Function is to secrete surfactant - Surfactant is a liquid that lines the inside of the alveolus and ensures that it stays open Dust cells - Immune cells
45
What are the layers of the Respiratory Membrane?
- Thin layer of fluid lining the alveolus (surfactant) - Alveolar epithelium - Basement membrane (of the alveolar epithelium) - Thin interstitial space - Capillary endothelium - Basement membrane (of the capillary endothelium)
46
Explain the Gross Anatomy of the Lungs.
Two lungs, left and right. - The base sits on the diaphragm, and the Apex is at the top. - The Hilus is on the medial surface where bronchi and blood vessels enter the lungs.
47
Identify
Superior lobe of right lung
48
Identify
Horizontal fissure of right lung
49
Identify
Middle lobe of right lung
50
Identify
Oblique fissures of right lung
51
Identify
Inferior lobe of right lung
52
Identify
Superior lobe of left lung
53
Identify
Oblique fissure of left lung
54
Identify
Inferior lobe of left lung
55
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Human Anatomy (12 decks)

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