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Human Anatomy > Chapter 1 - Introduction > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anatomy?

A

Anatomy describes the structures of the body

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2
Q

What is Physiology?

A

The study of functions of anatomical structures. (how things work)

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3
Q

What is Macroscopic anatomy (gross anatomy)?

A

Examines structure and relationships of body parts that are visible to the unaided eye.

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4
Q

What are some different types of Macroscopic Anatomy? Define them.

A

Systemic: study of each functional body part
Regional: study of all structures in a region as a unit
Surface: study of exterior features
Comparative: study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species.

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5
Q

What is Microscopic Anatomy?

A

Examines structures that cannot be seen by the unaided eye.

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6
Q

What are some different types of Microscopic Anatomy? Define them.

A

Cytology: study of cells
Histology: study of tissues

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7
Q

What is Cellular & Systemic Physiology?

A

Cellular: study of processes that occur inside cells
Systemic: study of processes that occur in each organ system

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8
Q

What are the different levels of organization in order?

A
  • Atom
  • Smaller molecules
  • Macromolecules
  • Cells
  • Tissues
  • Organs
  • Organ Systems
  • Organism
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9
Q

What are the components of the Integumentary system?

A

Skin, Hair, Sweat glands, Nails

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10
Q

What are the components of the Skeletal system?

A

Bones, Cartilage, Ligaments, Bone marrow, Joints

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11
Q

What are the components of the Muscular system?

A

Muscles, Tendons

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12
Q

What are the components of the Nervous system?

A

Brain, Spinal cord, Nerves, Sensory receptors

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13
Q

What are the components of the Endocrine system?

A

Pituitary glands, Thyroid glands, secrete hormones

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14
Q

What are the components of the Cardiovascular system?

A

Heart, blood vessels, blood.

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15
Q

What are the components of the Lymphatic system?

A

Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes.

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16
Q

What are the components of the Respiratory system?

A

Lungs and respiratory passages.

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17
Q

What are the components of the Digestive system?

A

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines.

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18
Q

What are the components of the Urinary system?

A

Kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra.

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19
Q

What are the components of the female reproductive system?

A

Ovaries, vagina, uterus, mammary glands.

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20
Q

What are the components of the male reproductive system?

A

Testes, Penis, Epididymides

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21
Q

What is Anatomical Position?

A

AP is the standard position of reference for the description of anatomical structures. (hands at sides, palms forward)

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22
Q

What is meant by supine and prone?

A

Supine: lying down, face up
Prone: lying down, face down

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23
Q

How many Abdominal Quadrants are there?

A

4

24
Q

What are the Abdominal Regions called and where are they located?

A
25
Q

What is meant by anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal)?

A

Anterior: more toward the front of the body
Posterior: more toward the back of the body

26
Q

What is meant by medial and lateral?

A

Medial: more toward the midline of the body
Lateral: more away from the midline of the body

27
Q

What is meant by superior (cephalic) and inferior (caudal)?

A

Superior: more towards the head
Inferior: more towards the feet

28
Q

What is meant by proximal and distal?

A

Proximal: more closer to the point of attachment
Distal: more away from the point of attachment

29
Q

What is meant by superficial and deep?

A

Superficial: more toward the surface of the body
Deep: More away from the surface of the body

30
Q

What is meant by the Frontal (Coronal) Plane?

A

Vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

31
Q

What is meant by Sagittal and Midsagittal planes?

A

Sagittal: Vertical plane dividing the body into left and right portions
Midsagittal: Sagittal plane that is directly down the middle

32
Q

What is meant by Transverse (cross) plane?

A

Divides the body into superior and inferior portions

33
Q

What are body cavities? What are the two different groups of body cavities?

A

Body cavities are spaces within the body that house internal organs and organ systems.

Ventral & Dorsal

34
Q

What body cavities are within the ventral and dorsal categories?

A

Ventral:
- Thoracic cavity
- Abdominopelvic cavity

Dorsal:
- Cranial cavity
- Spinal cavity

35
Q

Where is the Abdominopelvic and Thoracic cavity located?

A
36
Q

Where is the Mediastinum, Pleural, and Pericardial cavities located?

A
37
Q

Where is the Abdominal and Pelvic cavity located?

A
38
Q

What are the two main anatomical regions and what do they include?

A

Axial Region: head, neck, trunk
Appendicular Region: upper limbs and lower limbs

39
Q

What are the anatomical terms for the forehead, eye, nose, and mouth?

A
40
Q

What are the anatomical terms for the ear, cheek, and chin?

A
41
Q

What are the anatomical terms for the neck and collarbone?

A
42
Q

What are the anatomical terms for the trunk, chest, breastbone, and breast?

A
43
Q

What are the anatomical terms for the armpit, arm, front of elbow, and forearm?

A
44
Q

What are the anatomical terms for the abdomen, navel, pelvis, groin, and genital?

A
45
Q

What are the anatomical terms for the wrist, palm, fingers, and hand?

A
46
Q

What are the anatomical terms for the hip, thigh, kneecap, and leg?

A
47
Q

What are the anatomical terms for the foot, ankle, top of foot, and toes?

A
48
Q

What are the anatomical terms for the skull, base of skull, and the back of neck?

A
49
Q

What are the anatomical terms for the back, shoulder blade, spinal column, and loin?

A
50
Q

What are the anatomical terms for the perineum, buttocks, and between hips?

A
51
Q

What’s the anatomical terms for the point of shoulder, point of elbow, and back of hand?

A
52
Q

What’s the anatomical terms for the hollow behind knee, calf, sole of foot, and heel?

A
53
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

All body systems working together to maintain a stable internal environment.

54
Q

What does a homeostatic regulatory system consist of? What are their functions?

A
  1. Stimulus: A stressor or some change that happens that challenges your body
  2. Receptors: Receives the stimulus and sends afferent signals to the control center
  3. Control Center: Determines a set point of conditions and sends instructions (efferent commands) to Effectors
  4. Effectors: Carries out instructions
55
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

The response of the effector negates the stimulus. (the body brought back into homeostasis)

Human Anatomy (12 decks)

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