Chapter 5 - Integumentary System Flashcards
What is the largest system in the body?
The Integumentary System
What structures are apart of the integumentary system?
Skin, glands, hair, nails
What are the functions of the integumentary system?
- Protection
- Sensation
- Temperature Regulation
- Synthesis of Vitamin D
What are the different components of the Integumentary system?
What are the 2 parts of the skin? Explain them.
Outer Epidermis:
- Superficial layer of stratified squamous epithelial tissue.
- Develops from the embryonic ectoderm.
- Separated from dermis by a basement membrane.
Inner Dermis:
- Deep layer of dense irregular fibrous connective tissue.
- Develops from the mesoderm.
What is Subcutaneous tissue?
Loose connective tissue that connects skin to underlying structures.
- Not part of the skin
What are the 2 types of skin?
- Thin skin: covers most of the body
- Thick skin: Covers the palms of hands and soles of feet, has all 5 epithelia strata
What are the different types of cells found in the epidermis?
- Keratinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Langerhans
- Merkel
What are the five strata (layers) of the epidermal and how many layers of cells does each have?
- Stratum basale (single layer)
- Stratum spinosum (8-10 layers)
- Stratum granulosum (2-5 layers)
- Stratum lucidum (variable)
- Stratum corneum (25+ layers)
*listed from deep to superficial
What is the stratum basale (stratum germinativum)?
(1st layer-deepest)
- Single layer of cuboidal or columnar cells
- Attached to basement membrane by hemidesmosomes
What is the stratum spinosum?
(2nd layer)
- Many sided cells that are attached to each other by desmosomes
- Cells appear spiny
What is the stratum granulosum?
(3rd layer)
- Produced from cells of stratum spinosum
- Most cells stop dividing and produce keratin
- After production of protein, cells die
What is the stratum lucidum?
(4th layer)
-Several thin, clear layers of dead cells
-Found only in thick skin
What is the stratum corneum?
(5th layer- top)
- Exposed surface skin
- Several layers of dead, overlapping keratinized cells which are joined by desmosomes
What are the two components of the dermis? Explain them
Papillary layer:
-Superficial layer of the dermis
- Consist of areolar tissue
- Named for dermal papillae that project between epidermal ridges
Reticular layer:
- Deep layer of dermis consisting of dense irregular connective tissue
- Contains collagen and elastic fibers
What are cleavage lines? Why are they important in surgery?
They are found in skin due to orientation of collagen and elastic fibers.
- are oriented in one direction more than others.
In surgery if the incision is parallel to cleavage lines then its faster healing.
What are striae?
They are stretch marks.
- Formed due to rupture of dermis
What are the 3 zones of the hair? Explain them.
- Shaft: protrudes above the surface of the skin
- Root: below the surface of the skin
- Bulb: base of the root (contains the matrix)
What are sebaceous glands?
- Produce an oily substance called sebum that empties into hair follicles and the hair itself.
What are sudoriferous (sweat) glands? What are the 2 types? Explain them.
Produce stickly, cloudy secretions
Eccrine:
- Most common type
- Open directly to the surface of the skin
- Simple coiled tubular glands
Apocrine:
- Simple coiled tubular glands
- Open into hair follicles
What are areolar and mammary glands?
Areolar glands lubricate the nipple for nursing and Mammary glands produce milk.
What are ceruminous glands?
Produce cerumen (earwax)
What are the different parts of the nail?
- Nail body
- Nail root
- Nail bed
