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Human Anatomy > Chapter 10 - Muscular System > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are origin / proximal attachments?

A

The attachment to the bone that does not move when the muscle shortens.

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2
Q

What are insertion / distal attachments?

A

The attachment to the bone that moves when the muscle shortens.

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3
Q

What is the belly portion of muscles?

A

The largest portion of the muscle between origin and insertion.

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4
Q

What is a Prime Mover (Agonist)?

A

A term used to describe how muscles interact to move a joint.

The primary muscle that performs a specific muscle action, usually the most important action of the joint.

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5
Q

What is a Synergist?

A

A term used to describe how muscles interact to move a joint.

Muscles that perform the same action as the muscle to which you are comparing it.

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6
Q

What is a Anatagonist?

A

A term used to describe how muscles interact to move a joint.

Muscles that perform the opposite action of the muscle to which you are comparing it.

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7
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Frontalis
  • Occipital bone
  • Skin of the eyebrow
  • Wrinkle the skin of the forehead and nose & raise eyebrows
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8
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Orbicularis Oculi
  • Orbit
  • Eyelid skin
  • Close eyes
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9
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Oricularis Oris
  • Maxilla & Mandible
  • Skin of lips
  • Compress and purk lips (kissing action)
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10
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Buccinator
  • Maxilla & Mandible
  • Skin of the cheeks
  • Compress the cheeks to help hold food between teeth during chewing
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11
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Zygomaticus
  • Zygomatic bone
  • Skin of the corners of the mouth
  • Evaluates the corners of the mouth, up and out (smile)
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12
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Platysma
  • Connective tissue of the chest (fossa)
  • Skin of the mandible
  • Pull the lower lip downward, wrinkle skin of neck & chest (scared expression)
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13
Q

What are mastication muscles? What are the 2 types?

A

Tissues that are important for chewing. Originate on temporal or zygomatic bones and insert on to the mandible.

  • Masseter
  • Temporalis
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14
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Masseter
  • Zygomatic arch
  • Mandible
  • Elevation of the mandible (close the mouth)
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15
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Temporalis
  • Temporal bone
  • Mandible
  • Elevation of the mandible (close the mouth)
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16
Q

What is meant by prevertebral and postvertebral?

A
  • Prevertebral: anterior to the vertebral column
  • Postvertebral: posterior to the vertebral column
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17
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Sternum & medial clavicle
  • Mastoid process of the temporal bone
  • Neck flection ( primary mover of the neck)

(pervertebral)

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18
Q
  • Name:
A
  • Linea alba
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19
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Rectus Abdominis
  • Pubis
  • Xiphoid process of the sternum
  • Trunk (waist) flexion, compress abdominal contents
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20
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • External Abdominal Oblique
  • Lower ribs 5-12
  • Iliac crest
  • Trunk (waist) flexion, compress abdominal contents. rotates vertebral column
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21
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Internal Abdominal Oblique
  • Lower ribs 10-12
  • Iliac crest
  • Trunk (waist) flexion, compress abdominal contents. rotates vertebral column
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22
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Transversus Abdominis
  • Iliac crest
  • Lumbar vertebra
  • Compress abdominal contents
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23
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Quadratus Lumborum
  • Iliac crest, lower lumbar vertebrae
  • Upper lumbar vertebra & 12th rib
  • Trunk (waist) flexion
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24
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Made of what other muscles or parts?
A
  • Iliopsoas
  • Iliac fossa, lumbar vertebra
  • Lesser trochanter of the femur
  • Hip flexion
  • Iliacus & Psoas major
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25
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Splenius Capitis
  • Vertebra C4-T6
  • Occipital bone
  • Neck extension
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26
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Made of what other muscles or parts?
A
  • Erector Spinae
  • Sacrum, Ilium, Lumbar, Thoracic, Cervical vertebra
  • Ribs, vertebra, mastoid process
  • Extinction of the vertebral column
  • Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis
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27
Q
  • Name:
A
  • Spinalis part of Erector Spinae
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28
Q
  • Name:
A
  • Longissimus part of the Erector Spinae
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29
Q
  • Name:
A
  • Iliocostalis part of the Erector Spinae
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30
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Made of what other muscles or parts?
A
  • Trapezius
  • External occipital protuberance & spinous process of vertebrae C1-T12
  • Lateral clavicle, spine, acromion of scapula
  • Upper fibers elevate the scapula. Middle fibers cause scapular retraction. Lower fibers cause depression of scapula.
  • Has upper, middle, and lower fibers
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31
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Levator Scapulae
  • Transverse process of cervical vertebrae C1-C4
  • Superior angle of scapula
  • Elevation and downwards motion of the scapula
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32
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Rhomboid (major and minor)
  • Vertebrae C6-T5
  • Medial border of the scapula
  • Retraction of the scapula
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33
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Serratus Anterior
  • Lateral parts of ribs 1-8
  • Medial border of the scapula
  • Protraction of the scapula
34
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Pectoralis major
  • Medial clavicle, sternum and costal cartilages of ribs 1-6
  • Intertubercular groove of humerus
  • Adduction, Medial rotation, Flexion of the humerus at the shoulder joint
35
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Deltoid
  • Lateral clavicle, Acromion process and spine
  • Humerus (deltoid tuberosity)
  • Anterior part: flexion and medial rotation of arm. Lateral part: abduction of arm. Posterior part: extension and lateral rotation of arm
36
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Latissimus Dorsi
  • Spinous processes of T7-T12, Iliac crest, Thoracolumbar fascia
  • Intertubercular groove of humerus
  • Adduction, Extension, and Medial rotation of shoulder joint
37
Q

What are rotator cuff muscles? What are the 4 types?

A

They are muscles that reinforce stability at the shoulder joint.

  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres Minor
  • Subscapularis
38
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Supraspinatus
  • Supraspinous fossa of the scapula
  • Greater tubercle of humerus
  • Abduction of the humerus
39
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Infraspinatus
  • Infraspinous fossa of scapula
  • Greater tubercle of humerus
  • Lateral rotation of humerus
40
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Teres Minor
  • Lateral border of scapula
  • Greater tubercle of humerus
  • Lateral rotation of humerus
41
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Subscapularis
  • Subscapular fossa of the scapula
  • Lesser tubercle of humerus
  • Medial rotation of humerus
42
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Teres Major
  • Inferior angle of scapula
  • Intertubercular groove of humerus
  • Medial rotation and adduction of humerus
43
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Made of what other muscles or parts?
A
  • Biceps Brachii
    -Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Short head: Coracoid process of scapula.
  • Radial tuberosity
  • Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint and Forearm supination
44
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Brachialis
  • Anterior surface of humerus
  • Coronoid process of ulna
  • Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint
45
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Brachioradialis
  • Lateral epicondyle of humerus
  • Styloid process of radius
  • Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint
46
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Made of what other muscles or parts?
A
  • Triceps Brachii
  • 3 parts
    Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
    Lateral head: Superior, posterior surface of humerus
    Medial head: Inferior, posterior surface of humerus
  • Olecranon process of ulna
  • Extension of the forearm at the elbow joint
47
Q

In muscles that move the wrist and fingers the ANTERIOR group is involved in ____, while the POSTERIOR group is involved in ____? Both sides can contribute to ____ of the wrist?

How does this look?

A
  • Anterior group is involved in wrist and finger flexion, pronation of forearm.
  • Posterior group is involved in wrist and fingers extension.
  • Both sides can contribute to adduction or abduction.
48
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
A
  • Pronator Teres
  • Medial epicondyle of humerus
  • Radius
49
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
A
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Medal epicondyle of humerus
  • Metacarpals
50
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
A
  • Palmaris longus
  • Medial epicondyle of humerus
  • Metacarpals
51
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
A
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
  • Medial epicondyle of humerus
  • Metacarpalas
52
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
A
  • Flexor digitorums superficialis
  • Medial epicondyle of humerus
  • Digits
53
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
A
  • Flexor pollicis longus
  • Radius
  • Digit 1
54
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
A
  • Flexor digitorum profundus
  • Ulna
  • Digits
55
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
A
  • Pronator quadratus
  • Ulna
  • Radius
56
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
A
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
  • Lateral epicondyle of humerus
  • Metacarpals
57
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
A
  • Extensor digitorum
  • Lateral epicondyle of humerus
  • Digits
58
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
A
  • Extensor digiti minimi
  • Lateral epicondyle of humerus
  • Digits
59
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
A
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris
  • Lateral epicondyle of humerus
  • Metacarpals
60
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Tensor Fascia Latae
  • Anterior Superior iliac spine
  • Lateral condyle of tibia
  • Abduction and lateral rotation of femur
61
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Sartorius
  • Anterior Superior iliac spine
  • Proximal, medial tibia
  • Hip flexion, hip abduction, lateral rotation
62
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Gluteus Maximus
  • Iliac crest, sacrum coccyx
  • Lateral surface of femur
  • Abduction at the hip
63
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Gluteus Medius
  • Posterior surface of iliac crest
  • Greater trochanter of femur
  • Abduction at the hip
64
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Adductor Longus
  • Superior ramus and inferior ramus of pubis
  • Linea aspera of femur
  • Hip adduction
65
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Adductor Magnus
  • Superior ramus and inferior ramus of pubis
  • Linea aspera of femur
  • Hip adduction
66
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Gracilis
  • Superior ramus and inferior ramus of pubis
  • Proximal medial tibia
  • Hip adduction
67
Q

What muscles make up the Quadriceps Femoris?
Where do they insert & What is there common action?

A
  • Rectus Femoris, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus intermedius
  • All insert on the tigial tuberosity
  • Common action is knee extension
68
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Rectus Femoris
  • Anterior Inferior iliac spine
  • Tibial tuberosity
  • Knee extension and hip flexion
69
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Vastus Medialis
  • Medial Femur
  • Tibial tuberosity
  • Knee extension and hip flexion
70
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Vastus Lateralis
  • Greater trochanter and lateral femur
  • Tibial tuberosity
  • Knee extension and hip flexion
71
Q
  • What Muscles make up the hamstring?
  • Where is their common origin & what is their common action?
A
  • Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus
  • All originate on the ischial tuberosity
  • Common action is knee flexion
72
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Made of what other muscles or parts?
A
  • Biceps Femoris
  • Ischial Tuberosity
  • Head of fibula
  • Knee flexion
  • Long and Short part
73
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Semitendinosus
  • Ischial Tuberosity
  • Proximal medial tibia
  • Knee flexion
74
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Semimembranosus
  • Ischial Tuberosity
  • Medial condyle of tibia
  • Knee flexion
75
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Tibialis Anterior
  • Lateral shaft of tibia
  • 1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
  • Dorsiflexion of the ankle & ankle inversion
76
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Extensor Digitorum Longus
  • Lateral shaft of tibia
  • Digits 2,3,4,5
  • Dorsiflexion of the ankle & extension of the toes
77
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Extensor Hallucis Longus
  • Lateral shaft of tibia
  • Digit 1
  • Dorsiflexion of the ankle & extension of the toes
78
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Medial and lateral condyles of the femur
  • Calcaneus (heel bone)
  • Planter flexion at the ankle and knee flexion
79
Q
  • Name:
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
A
  • Fibularis Longus and Brevis
  • Head of fibula
  • 1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
  • Ankle eversion
80
Q
  • Name:
A
  • Calcaneal tendon

Human Anatomy (12 decks)

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