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HN204 Final > Lecture 14: Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Lecture 14: Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cervical plexus?

A

contains nerve roots C1 - C5

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2
Q

what the mnemoic for the cervical plexus?

A

C3, C4 and C5 keep the diaphragm alive

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3
Q

what happens if a spinal cord injury occurs above C3?

A
  • a person will require a respirator to help them breathe
  • this is because the nerve roots that supply the phrenic nerve no longer have a connection to the brainstem and the brain
  • if the injury is inferior to C5 nerve root, the person should be able to breathe independently
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4
Q

what is the importance of the phrenic nerve?

A
  • is the sole motor nerve supply for the diaphragm to help with breathing
  • has sensory and motor fibres
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5
Q

what is the brachial plexus?

A

contains nerve roots C5 - T1

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6
Q

what are the major branches of the brachial plexus?

A
  • median nerve
  • ulnar nerve
  • radial nerve
  • musculocutaneous nerve
  • axillary nerve
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7
Q

how do brachial plexus divide?

A

roots –> trunks –> divisions –> cords –> branches

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8
Q

mnemonic for the brachial plexus

A

Rugby Teams Drink Cold Beer
53635 (roots, trunks, divisions, cords, branches)
My Aunt Rescued my Uncle (nerves)

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9
Q

nerve root origin of radial nerve

A

c5, c6, c7, c8, t1

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10
Q

nerve root origin of axillary nerve

A

c5, c6

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11
Q

nerve root origin of musculocutaneous nerve

A

c5, c6, c7

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12
Q

nerve root origin of median nerve

A

c5, c6, c7, c8, t1

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13
Q

nerve root origin of ulnar nerve

A

c8, t1

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14
Q

function/supply of radial nerve

A
  • entire posterior aspect of arm
  • triceps brachii
  • all extensors (elbow, forearm, wrist, fingers)
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15
Q

function/supply of axillary nerve

A
  • teres minor and deltoid
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16
Q

function/ supply of musculocutaneous nerve

A
  • coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis
  • flexors of the elbow
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17
Q

function/supply of median nerve

A
  • flexors of forearm and hand
  • NOTHING proximal to elbow
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18
Q

function/supply of ulnar nerve

A
  • NOTHING proximal to elbow
  • medial epicondyle of humerus (funny bone = ulnar nerve)
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19
Q

how does Carpal Tunnel Syndrome develop?

A
  • when the bones and ligaments of wrist compress on the median nerve
  • this is because the median nerve goes through the carpal tunnel and branches off to supply parts of the hand
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20
Q

what is Claw Hand?

A
  • a deformity caused by a lesion to the ulnar nerve
  • occurs because the ulnar nerve is superficial
  • numbness of the fourth and fifth fingers and hand muscle weakness.
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21
Q

what is Wrist Drop?

A
  • occurs if there is a lesion of radial nerve
  • this is because the radial nerve supplies motor to the extensors of the elbow, wrist and hand
  • if injured, wrist drop occurs when flexors do not have an active antagonist so flexors overtake extensors
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22
Q

what is the lumbar plexus?

A

L1 - L4

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23
Q

what are the major branches of the lumbar plexus?

A
  • iliohypogastric
  • ilioinguinal
  • genitofemoral
  • lateral femoral cutaneous
  • obturator
  • femoral
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24
Q

mnemoics for lumbar plexus

A

I (twice) Get Lunch On Fridays
2 from 1, 2 from 2 and 2 from 3

25
Q

nerve root origin of iliohypogastric nerve

A

L1

26
Q

nerve root origin of ilioinguinal nerve

A

L1

27
Q

nerve root origin of genitofemoral nerve

A

L1, L2

28
Q

nerve root origin of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

A

L2, L3

29
Q

nerve root origin of femoral nerve

A

L2, L3, L4

30
Q

nerve root origin of obturator nerve

A

L2, L3, L4

31
Q

function/supply of iliohypogastric nerve

A
  • side of buttock, pubis
  • inferior internal oblique muscle
  • transversus abdominal muscle
32
Q

function/supply of ilioinguinal nerve

A
  • skin of external genitalia
33
Q

function/supply of the genitofemoral nerve

A
  • skin of scrotum (male), labia (female)
34
Q

function/supply of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

A
  • skin of lateral thigh
  • some to peritoneum
35
Q

function/supply of obturator nerve

A
  • ADDUCTORS OF THIGH
  • obturator externus
  • shares supply of pectineus with femoral nerve
36
Q

function/supply of femoral nerve

A
  • QUADRICEPS
  • iliacus, sartorius
  • shares supply of pectineus with obturator nerve
37
Q

what is the sacral plexus?

A

L4 - S4

38
Q

what are the major branches of the sacral plexus?

A
  • superior gluteal nerve
  • inferior gluteal nerve
  • posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
  • pudendal nerve
  • sciatic nerve
39
Q

mnemonics for the sacral plexus

A

SIPPS

40
Q

nerve root origin of superior gluteal nerve

A

L4, L5, S1

41
Q

nerve root origin of inferior gluteal nerve

A

L5, S1, S2

42
Q

nerve root origin of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

A

S1, S2, S3

43
Q

nerve root origin of pudendal nerve

A

S2, S3, S4

44
Q

nerve root origin of sciatic nerve

A

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

45
Q

function/supply of superior gluteal nerve

A
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimus
  • tensor fasciae latae
46
Q

function/supply of inferior gluteal nerve

A
  • gluteus maximus
47
Q

function/supply of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

A
  • inferior buttock
  • posterior thigh
  • popliteal region
  • sometimes skin of calf and heal
48
Q

function/supply of pudendal nerve

A
  • most of skin and muscle of perineum
  • external anal sphincter
49
Q

function/supply of sciatic nerve

A
  • major parts of the skin and muscles in the thigh, leg, and foot
50
Q

what are the branches of the sciatic nerve?

A
  • tibial nerve
  • common fibular nerve
51
Q

what is the sciatic nerve?

A
  • a large bundled nerve (2), usually wrapped in sheath
  • about the size of a thumb
  • branches off below the knee
52
Q

what is the mnemonic for the pudendal nerve?

A

S2, 3 and 4 keeps the P’s off the floor (poo, pee)

53
Q

what is the greater sciatic foramen?

A

a hole formed by ligaments combining with bones

54
Q

what forms the greater sciatic foramen?

A
  • greater sciatic notch
  • sacrotuberous ligament
  • sacrospinous ligament
  • anterior sacroiliac ligament
  • ischial spine
55
Q

what is the importance of piriformis?

A
  • piriformis is the landmark for the superior and inferior gluteal nerve
  • origin = anterolateral surface of sacrum
  • insertion = greater trochanter of femur
56
Q

what is Sciatica?

A
  • burning, numbness or tingling of back, butt leg or foot
  • pressure on sciatic nerve
  • caused by herniated disc, hypertonicity of piriformis, trauma etc.
57
Q

pudendal canal

A

the anatomical structure in the pelvis in which the internal pudendal artery, internal pudendal veins, and the pudendal nerve pass through

58
Q

what is spinal stenosis

A

the narrowing of the spinal canal in your lower back that may cause pain or numbness in your legs

HN204 Final (11 decks)

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