Lecture 13 - PNS: Cranial Nerves and Special Senses

Question 1

what is a motor nerve?

Answer 1

• nerves responsible for all voluntary skeletal and somatic movement
• i.e moving the leg or arm.

Question 2

what is a sensory nerve

Answer 2

• carry signals to your brain to help you touch, taste, smell and see

Question 3

what are the 12 cranial nerves?

Answer 3

1.) olfactory (I)
2.) optic (II)
3.) occulomotor (III)
4.) trochlear (IV)
5.) trigeminal (V)
6.) abducens (VI)
7.) facial (VII)
8.) vestibulocochlear (VIII)
9.) glossopharyngeal (IX)
10.) vagus (X)
11.) spinal accessory (XI)
12.) hypoglossal (XII)

Question 4

what is the mnnemoic for the cranial nerves?

Answer 4

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Question 5

function of olfactory nerve

Answer 5

• sensory
• sense of smell

Question 6

foramina olfactory nerve exits

Answer 6

cribiform plate

Question 7

function of optic nerve

Answer 7

• sensory
• helps with vision

Question 8

foramina optic nerve exits

Answer 8

optic canal

Question 9

function of occulomotor nerve

Answer 9

• motor
• helps with eye movement

Question 10

foramina occulomotor nerve exits

Answer 10

superior orbital fissure

Question 11

function of trochlear nerve

Answer 11

• motor
• helps with action of the the eye’s superior oblique muscle

Question 12

foramina trochlear nerve exits

Answer 12

superior orbital fissure

Question 13

function of trigeminal nerve

Answer 13

• sensory and motor
• provides sensation to the face (i.e touch, pain, and temperature)
• helps control muscles of mastication

Question 14

foramina trigeminal nerve exits

Answer 14

1.) superior orbital fissure
2.) foramen rotundum
3.) foramen ovale

Question 15

function of abducens nerve

Answer 15

• motor
• side eye (abduct) movement

Question 16

foramina abducens nerve exits

Answer 16

superior orbital fissure

Question 17

function of facial nerve

Answer 17

• motor and sensory
• controls all the muscles that control facial expression - involved in taste via the tongue

Question 18

foramina facial nerve exits

Answer 18

• internal acoustic meatus
• stylomastoid foramen

Question 19

function of vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 19

• sensory
• vestibular branch = balance/equilibrium
• cochlear branch = hearing

Question 20

foramina vestibulocochlear nerve exits

Answer 20

internal acoustic meatus

Question 21

function of glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 21

• sensory and motor
• helps raise part of your throat (pharynx) which enables swallowing + aids in gag reflex
• provides taste and monitor BP

Question 22

foramina glossopharyngeal nerve exits

Answer 22

jugular foramen

Question 23

function of vagus nerve

Answer 23

• sensory and motor
• regulation of internal organ functions like digestion, heart rate, and respiratory rate and certain reflexes like coughing, sneezing etc.

Question 24

foramina vagus nerve exits

Answer 24

jugular foramen

Question 25

function of spinal accessory nerve

Answer 25

• motor
• supplies motor to upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 26

foramina spinal accessory nerve exits

Answer 26

into via foramen magnum
exit via jugular foramen

Question 27

function of hypoglossal nerve

Answer 27

• motor
• helps with muscles of the tongue (and under)

Question 28

foramina hypoglossal nerve exits

Answer 28

hypoglossal canal

Question 29

mnemoic for cranial nerve function

Answer 29

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Question 30

mnemoic for foramina cranial nerve exits

Answer 30

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Question 31

autonomic nervous system

Answer 31

• a component of the peripheral nervous system
• 2 parts: sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 32

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 32

• “fight or flight”

Question 33

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 33

• “rest and digest”

Question 34

somatic vs visceral input

Answer 34

• somatic sensory input = receptors of the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin (5 senses)
• visceral sensory input = internal organs

Question 35

origin and supply of olfactory nerve

Answer 35

O: do not connect to the brainstem

Question 36

origin and supply of the optic nerve

Answer 36

O: right half of each retina, optic chiasm

Question 37

origin and supply of oculomotor nerve

Answer 37

O: anterior midbrain
S: extrinsic muscles of the eye

Question 38

origin and supply of trochlear nerve

Answer 38

O: posterior midbrain (inferior to colliculi)
S: superior oblique muscle of the eye

Question 39

origin and supply of trigeminal nerve

Answer 39

O: anterolateral pons
S: muscles of mastication

Question 40

origin and supply of abducens nerve

Answer 40

O: anteriorly of pons/medulla connection
S: lateral rectus muscle

Question 41

origin and supply of facial nerves

Answer 41

O: lateriorly of pons/medulla connection
S: muscles of facial expression and tongue

Question 42

origin of vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 42

O: posterior to facial nerve

Question 43

origin and supply of glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 43

O: anterioinferior to facial nerve
S: parotid salivary gland and visceral sensation

Question 44

origin and supply of vagus nerve

Answer 44

O: inferior to glossopharyngeal nerve
S: pharynx, larynx and heart, lungs

Question 45

origin and supply of spinal accessory nerves

Answer 45

O: from spinal cord rootlets of C1-C5
S: upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

Question 46

origin and supply of hypoglossal nerves

Answer 46

O: anterior medulla
S: muscles of the tongue