Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANS 319 Animal Nutrition > Lecture 14 Fat digestion monogastric > Flashcards

Lecture 14 Fat digestion monogastric Flashcards

1
Q

Name the classifications of Lipids:

A

1- Glycolipids
2-Phosphoglycerides
3-Steroids
4-Eicosanoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Whats fats and oils known as?

A

Triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many carbons do the 2 essential fatty acids have?

A

18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is denoting different types of fatty acids?

A

the “R”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name Triglycerides:

A

C, H, O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Compare triglycerides compared to carbohydrates ?

A
  • Many more carbons and hydrogens
    compared to CHO
  • More energy compared to CHO
  • All contain glycerol and 3 fatty acids
  • Fatty acids 4-24 carbons long
  • 16 and 18 most common
  • Saturated or unsaturated double bonds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many glyceride backbone, how many fatty acids in it?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Whats the major lipid class in concentrates

A

-triglycerides (grains)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Whats the main lipid storage form in animal tissue?

A

Triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are triglycerides?

A

Diverse range of fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Whats a major lipid class youd find in forages?

A

Glycolipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Whats the plasma membrane components?

A
  • Glycoproteins and glycolipids are
    proteins/lipids with short chain
    carbohydrates attached on the
    extracellular side of the membrane.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are galactolipids a type of?

A

Glycolipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the structure of the galactolipids?

A

Glycerol backbone, 2 fatty acids and one or two galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Whats the name of the 2 essential fatty acids?

A

Linoleic acid
Linolenic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Whats the structure of Linoleic acid?

A

18;2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Whats the structure of Linolenic acid?

A

18;3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give an example of Linoleic acid?

A

Soyabean meal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give an example of Linolenic acid?

A

Linseed oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Wheres the position of the double bonds in linoleic acid?

A

9,12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Wheres the position of the double bonds in linolenic acid?

A

9,12,15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the denoting different types of fatty acids?

A

the “R” group (where its placed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What connects a glycerol to a fatty acid? (glycerol back bone)

A

An ester bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do triglycerides have more of compared to carbohydrates?

A

-More carbons and hydrogens
-More energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are triglycerides made up of?

A

A glycerol and 3 fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How many carbons long are triglycerides?

A

4-24 carbons long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the most common types of fatty acids(how many carbons?)

A

16 and 18 most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What can fatty acids be? (2 classes)

A

-Saturated
-Unsaturated (Double bonds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Name the major lipid class in concentrates?(grains)

A

Triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Whats the major lipid storage form in animals tissues?

A

Triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

List the classifications of lipids

A

-Fats and Oils (Triglycerides)
-Glycolipids
-Phosphoglycerates
-Steroids
-Eicosanoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are glycoproteins and glycolipids?

A

They are proteins/lipids with short chain carbohydrates attached on the extracellular side of the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are galactolipids? whats there composition ?

A

a type of glycolipids.
-Glycerol backbone, 2 fatty acids and 1 or 2 galactose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Name a major lipid in forages?

A

Galactolipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are Galactolipids rich in?

A

Linolenic acid (18;3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What’s the role of phospholipids?

A

Important biological roles :
1-Cell membrane structure, integrity and transport properties
2-Intracellular signalling; hormone transduction

37
Q

What are all membranes?

A

All membranes are phospholipid bilayers with embedded proteins

38
Q

What do steroid compounds look like?

A

Multi-ring structure

39
Q

What are good things to know about steroids?

A

-Insoluable in water
-Present in both plant and animal foods

40
Q

Is steroids a meaningful dietary constituent?

A

No there not a meaningful dietary constituent in most animals diets

41
Q

What is a major sterol in cholesterol?

A

Steroids (however cholesterol is only found in animal products)

42
Q

Where is cholesterol manufactured?

A

In the liver

43
Q

What are essential fatty acids?

A

fatty acids that the body cannot make enough of to meet the body’s needs

44
Q

What are precursors for longer chain fatty acids?

A

Linoleic
a-Linolenic

45
Q

Whats the challenges with monogastric digestion? (2)

A

– Lipids are not water soluble
– Triglycerides too large to be absorbed

46
Q

What’s the digestive solution of monogastric digestion of fatty acids?

A

– Triglycerides mix with bile and pancreatic secretions
* Emulsification and digestion

47
Q

Where does lipid digestion occurs?

A

1-Mouth
2-Stomach
3-Small Intestine

48
Q

What type of digestion occurs in the mouth?

A

Lingual lipase
Not very important for mature and growing animals.
Important for neonates and rodents

49
Q

What type of digestion occurs in the stomach?

A

Gastric lipase
* Little to none
* Churning creates a course lipid emulsion
* Fat slows the release of food from the stomach

50
Q

What type of digestion occurs in the small intestine?

A

Pancreatic lipase
* Performs 90% of all lipid digestion
* Primarily performs hydrolysis
* Mix bile salts to convert coarse emulsion into micelles

51
Q

A bit about fat digestion:

A

*Fats do not dissolve in water; instead,
they tend to congeal together
*This separation of lipid and water
reduces the effectiveness of fat-
digesting enzymes, which are known as lipases
*Bile solves the problem
*It is attracted to fat and water
*Bile molecules therefore place
themselves in between the fat and water
*Fat remains suspended in water
*Also called emulsification

52
Q

Do fats dissolve in water?

A

*Fats do not dissolve in water; instead,
they tend to congeal together

53
Q

What does the separation of liquid and water reduce the effectiveness of?

A

Of a fat digesting enzymes known as lipases

54
Q

What solves the problem of the “separation of lipid and water
reduces the effectiveness of fat-
digesting enzymes, which are known
as lipases”?

A

Bile

55
Q

What is bile attracted to?

A

fat and water

56
Q

Where does bile place itself when its going to do its job?

A

In between fat and water

57
Q

Where does fat remain in water?

A

Suspended

58
Q

What’s this process known as that was just explained?

A

Emulsification

59
Q

Where bile produced and stored?

A

Produced in liver
Stored in the gallbladder

60
Q

Whats the animal that has the exception of when it comes to bile being produced and stored?

A

Except in horses

61
Q

What type of a solution is bile and what is it composed of?(4)

A

Alkaline solution
Composed of:
-Bile salts
-Cholesterol
-Lecithin
-Bilirubin

62
Q

Name what is responsible for fat emulsification:

A

Bile (Detergent action)

63
Q

What is emulsification dependent on?

A

is the dispersion of one phase into another in fine particles

64
Q

What does the emulsification of fats allow to happen?

A

Allows high surface area for the fatty particles and increases the rate of any chemical reaction

65
Q

What’s an example of fat emulsification?

A

Emulsification in milk in which its finely divided fat particles are dispersed in water containing proteins

66
Q

Whats the process of Lipid digestion (3)

A

1-Bile salts emulsify lipids
2-Pancreatic lipase acts on triglycerides
– Triglycerides> 2 monoglyceride + 2 fatty acids
3-Pancreatic colipase
– Activated by trypsin
– Interacts with triglyceride and pancreatic lipase
* Displaces bile to allow recycling
* Improves activity of pancreatic lipase

67
Q

Where is Pancreatic Colipase secreted from?

A

Secreted from pancreas as
procolipase

68
Q

What activates pancreatic colipase?

A

Activated (cleaved) by trypsin

69
Q

What does pancreatic colipase anchor?

A

Anchors lipase to the micelle

70
Q

Whats the ratio for colipase to lipase?

A

(1:1) ratio

71
Q

What is Lipase?

A

a globular protein unable to penetrate surface of lipid particles (can only reach surface molecules)

72
Q

What pH is pancreatic lipase activated at?

A

pH 7

73
Q

How much pancreatic lipase is hydrolysed by what % dietary fat?

A

80%

74
Q

What is Colipase ?

A

A co-factor of protein , it anchors lipase to lipid particles

75
Q

Is triglycerides soluble in micelles?

A

No its insoluble in micelles

76
Q

Is Lipolysis products soluble in micelles?

A

Soluble in Micelles

77
Q

What can sometimes occur in gallbladder?

A

Gallstones

78
Q

What are the 2 VERY important secretions that are ESSENTIAL for digestion of triglycerides

A

1) Bile salts
2) Pancreatic Lipase

79
Q

Whats the role of pancreatic lipase?

A

Removes 2 fatty acids from
triglycerides leaving a monoglyceride

80
Q

What’s the process of lipid absorption?

A
  • Mixed micelles move to the intestinal
    epithelium (enterocytes) and release
    contents near cell
  • The bile salts are re-absorbed further
    down the gastrointestinal tract (in the
    ileum), transported to the liver, and finally recycled and secreted back into the digestive tract
81
Q

What occurs in the enterocyte when lipid absorption is occurring?

A
  • Newly formed triglycerides accumulate as ‘lipid droplets’ at the endoplasmic reticulum
    – Coated with a protein layer
  • Stabilizes lipids for transport in lymph and blood (aqueous environment)
  • Protein layer is needed to allow the lipid to be soluble in plasma
    – Glycerol and short chain fatty acids directly enter mesenteric blood
82
Q

What are the protein-coated lipid droplets called when lipid digestion is occurring?

A

Chylomicrons

83
Q

What are chylomicrons used for?

A

– particles for transport of lipids to liver & adipocytes

84
Q

Whats the average composition of chylomicrons?

A

-TG = 84%
-Cholesterol = 8%
-PL= 8%
-Apolipoproteins= 2%

85
Q

Where are lipid absorption (Chylomicrons) absorbed from?

A

Chylomicrons absorbed from enterocytes into lacteals (lymph vessels)
– Ultimately enter blood via thoracic duct
* Most long chain fatty acids absorbed into lymphatic system

86
Q

Whats the exception of lipid absorption (Chylomicrons)?

A

Poultry

87
Q

What are blood lipids transported as?

A

Lipoproteins

88
Q

Explain the overview of fatty acid uptake:

A
  • Short- and medium-chain fatty acids
    – Enter portal blood directly from enterocytes
    – Bound to albumin in blood
  • Albumin–FFA complex
    – Oxidized in liver or elongated and used for
    triglyceride formation
  • Long-chain fatty acids
    – Form chylomicrons
    – Drain into the lymphatics via the lacteal in
    mammals (no lacteal in avian small intestinal villi)
    – Enter bloodstream at the thoracic duct
  • Upstream from liver
  • Slow entry into the blood

ANS 319 Animal Nutrition (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions