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Lecture 136 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

A

Type II

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2
Q

What autoimmune disease involves IgG autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin?

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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3
Q

What HLA mutations are associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

A

HLA-DR5 and HLA-DR3

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4
Q

A diffuse, non-tender goiter and hypothyroidism are signs of what autoimmune disease?

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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5
Q

Anti-TPO antibodies can be mostly specific for what autoimmune disease?

A

Hashimoto’s disease

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6
Q

Histology that show follicle damage with chronic inflammation and Hurthle cells can indicate what autoimmune condition?

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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7
Q

Levothyroxine treats hypothyroidism associated with what autoimmune disease?

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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8
Q

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 involves what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type IV hypersensitivity

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9
Q

T-lymphocytes and macrophages target what type of cells in DM type 1?

A

Pancreatic beta-cells

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10
Q

What HLA mutations are associated with DM type 1?

A

HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4

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11
Q

Polyuria, polydipsia, and glucosuria in children/adolescents are signs of?

A

DM type 1

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12
Q

An HbA1c greater than ____ is used to diagnose DM type 1

A

6.5%

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13
Q

Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies and islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies might indicate:

A

DM type 1

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14
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved in Sjogren’s syndrome?

A

Type IV hypersensitivity reaction

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15
Q

Lymphocytic infiltration and fibrosis of exocrine glands caused by a T-cell mediated reaction indicates what auotimmune disease?

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

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16
Q

Xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis sicca are signs of what autoimmune disease?

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

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17
Q

What autoimmune syndrome is associated with marginal zone lymphoma (MALT lymphoma)?

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

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18
Q

What autoimmune disease is often co-morbid with RA, Hashimoto’s, primary biliary cholangitis, SLE?

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

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19
Q

Anti-Ro (SSA) and anti-La (SSB) antibodies are indicative of what autoimmune diesase?

A

Sjogren’s disease

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20
Q

A schirmer test focuses on what?

A

Tear production

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21
Q

What drug is used to increase salivary secretions in Sjogren’s syndrome?

A

Pilocarpine

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22
Q

How is Sjogren’s disease systemically treated?

A

Immunosuppressive drugs (prednisone)

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23
Q

Lymphocytic infiltrate and granulomatous destruction of medium-sized intrahepatic bile ducts occurs in what autoimmune disease?

A

Primary biliary cholangitis

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24
Q

Pruritis, obstructive jaundice, cirrhosis, and portal hypertension are signs of what autoimmune disease?

A

Primary biliary cholangitis

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25
Xanthomas and steatorrhea are associated with what autoimmune disease?
Primary biliary cholangitis
26
Primary biliary cholangitis are associated with what type of vitamin deficiencies?
Fat soluble (A, D, E, K)
27
Elevated LFTs, hypercholesterolemia, and positive AMA are indicative of what autoimmune disease?
Primary biliary cholangitis
28
How is primary biliary cholangitis treated?
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) - helps bile flow
29
Pernicious anemia is associated with what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Type II hypersenstivity
30
What autoimmune disease leads to decreased vitamine B12 absorption due to autoantibodies against gastric parietal cells?
Pernicious anemia
31
Macrocytic anemia (pallor, fatigue, weakness), angular cheilitis, and glossitis are signs of what autoimmune disease?
Pernicious anemia
32
What neurological manifestations are associated with pernicious anemia?
Peripheral sensory neuropathy and loss of proprioception
33
Low vitamin B12, high MCV, and elevated homocysteine and methylmalinic acid (MMA) are signs of what autoimmune disease?
Pernicious anemia
34
What is the Schilling test used to differentiate?
Between dietary B12 deficiency and pernicious anemia
35
Th2-mediated mucosal and submucosal inflammation of the colon occurs in what autoimmune disease?
Ulcerative colitis (UC)
36
Bloody diarrhea, LLQ pain, and anemia are signs of what autoimmune disease?
Ulcerative colitis
37
What common risk factor is actually protective is ulcerative colitis?
Smoking
38
Elevated ESR, low hemoglobin, low albumin, and p-ANCA positivity can indicate what autoimmune disease?
Ulcerative colitis
39
A "lead pipe" sign on a barium enema can indicate what autoimmune disease?
Ulcerative colitis
40
5-ASA preparations (sulfasalazine, mesalamine), 6-mercaptopurine, and infliximab are treatments for what auotimmune disease?
Ulcerative colitis
41
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is associaed with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Type III hypersensitivity
42
What autoimmune disease is associated with deposition in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and mesangium?
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN)
43
What autoimmune disease often follows nephritogenic group A streptococcal infection?
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN)
44
What population is most commonly affected by PSGN?
Children
45
Tea-colored urin, periorbital edema, peripheral edema, and HTN are signs of what autoimmune disease?
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
46
Low complement levels (C3, CH50) and elevated ASO titers indicating recent strep infection can indicate what autoimmune disease?
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
47
"Granular" or "lumpy-bumpy" deposits under immunofluorescence can indicate what autoimmune disease?
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
48
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is seen in Goodpasture's syndrome?
Type II hypersensitivity
49
IgG autoantibodies directed against collagen in the GBM and alveolar basement membranes leads to what autoimmune disease?
Goospasture's syndrome
50
What HLA mutation is associated with Goodpasture's syndrome?
HLA-DR2
51
What population is Goodpasture syndrome common in?
Young boys
52
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with hemoptysis are signs of what autoimmune disease?
Goodpasture's syndrome
53
What type of infection can precede Goodpasture's syndrome?
Upper respiratory infection
54
Anti-GBM antibodies can indicate what autoimmune disease?
Goodpasture's syndrome
55
Pulmonary infiltrates on chest X-ray and a "linear pattern" on immunofluorescence indicates what autoimmune disease?
Goodpasture's syndrome
56
How is Goodpasture's syndrome treated?
Plasmapheresis to remove antibodies and immunosuppression with corticosteroids/cyclophosphamide
57
What hypersensitivity reaction is involved with pemphigus vulgaris?
Type II hypersensitivity
58
IgG autoantibodies against desmoglein 1 and/or 3 in desmosomes that disrupt cell-cell adhesion in keratinocytes are associated with what autoimmune disease?
Pemphigus vulgaris
59
Painful, flaccid bullae that often start in the oral mucosa are signs of what autoimmune disease?
Pemphigus vulgaris
60
What is a positive Nikolsky sign and what autoimmune disease is it associated with?
Slight rubbing leads to blister extension or sloughing in pemphigus vulgaris
61
Anti-desmoglein 1/3 antibodies are associated with what autoimmune disease?
Pemphigus vulgaris
62
Keratinocytes that appear detached, like a "row of tombstones" under light microscopy are known as what? What autoimmune are they associated with?
Acantholysis, pemphigus vulgaris
63
"Reticular" or net-like pattern around keratinocytes under immunofluorescence is seen in what autoimmune disease?
Pemphigus vulgaris
64
What are the recommended treatments for pemphigus vulgaris?
High-dose corticosteroids and rituximab (anti-CD20)
65
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?
Type II hypersensitivity reaction
66
Autoantibodies (IgG) against platelet GpIIb/IIIa receptors leading to platelet destruction in the spleen is seen in what autoimmune disorder?
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
67
Mucocutaneous bleeding, purpura, easy bruising, and splenomegaly are signs of what autoimmune disease?
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
68
How is immune thrombocytopenic purpura diagnosed?
Diagnosis of exclusion, blood smear and bone marrow biopsy to rule out other causes
69
How is immune thrombocytopenic purpura treated in children?
Often resolves spontaneously
70
How is immune thrombocytopenic purpura treated in adults?
Corticosteroids, IVIG, rituximab, splenectomy
71
Autoantibodies against phospholipid-binding proteins leading to acquired hypercoagulability is charcateristic of what autoimmune disease?
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)
72
Recurrent venous/arterial thromboses, recurrent miscarriages, and livedo reticularis are signs of what autoimmune condition?
Antiphospholipid syndrone (APS)
73
How many organ systems are involved in catastrophic APS?
At least 3 or more organ systems
74
Anticardiolipin, IgG/IgM, lupus anticoagulent, or anti-beta2 glycoprotein I are labs used to diagnose what autoimmune disease?
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)
75
How is antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) treated?
Lifelong anticoagulation with warfarin
76
How is APS treated in pregnancy?
Low-molecular-weight heparin

Block 3 (37 decks)

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