Lecture 115 Flashcards
What is the female athlete triad?
Amenorrhea, disordered eating, osteoporosis
Untreated stress reaction can lead to
stress fracture
What is the most common site of stress fractures?
Tibia
How does muscle fatigue contribute to stress fractures?
Muscle fatigue around bone leads to excesive force transferred to that bone
Is repetitive stress to a bone occurs, ____ activity outpaces ____ activity, resulting in net bone loss
Osteoclastic, osteoblastic
Initial onset of stress fractures present as:
Gradual onset of dull, localized pain that escalates over days/weeks
Progression of stress fractures can lead to pain with ____
Less acitivty or at night
Plain radiographs have a ____ sensitivity and ____ specificity for stress fractures
Low, high
How long does it take for stress fractures to show changes on plain radiographs?
4-6 weeks
A bone scan can be positive within ____ of symptom onset
48 hours
Best imaging modality to diagnose stress fractures
MRI
How long should acitivity modification last for treatment of stress fractures?
6 weeks
Why should NSAIDs be avoided during healing of stress fractures?
May inhibit bone healing by dapening the inflammatory process needed for remodeling
How should athletes maintain fitness during stress fracture recovery?
Cross-training
The formation of adhesions between muscle fibers and cross linkages in fascia leads to:
Focal tissue thickening and fibrosis
Focal tissue thickening and fibrosis may predispose to ____
Tendon injury, due to decreased elasticity
Treatment for focal tissue thickening and fibrosis
Soft tissue therapy, strenghting and stretching
Intermittent and reversible pathological elevation of intramuscular pressure, causing pain and numbness
Chronic compartment syndrome
Common trigger for chronic compartment syndrome
Exercise
Common sites for chronic compartment syndrome
Lower leg compartments
What pathophysiology results in increased intracompartmental pressure in chronic compartment syndrome?
Inelastic fascial compartments cannot expand to tolerate local muscle swelling and/or fluid accumulation
How is chronic compartment syndrome diagnosed?
Compartment pressure measurement performed at rest and/or post-exercise to confirm elevated pressure
Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is especialy caused by what type of contractions?
Eccentric contractions
Pain with use or in the morning that starts with acitivty and improves once warmed up can indicate:
Tendinopathy
