Lecture 114

Question 1

Standard radiographic views include at least ____

Answer 1

Frontal (AP) and lateral views

Question 2

What radiographic view is included for joints?

Answer 2

Oblique views

Question 3

4 step evaluation of radiographs

Answer 3

1. Alignment
2. Joint spacing
3. Bone cortex
4. Soft tissues

Question 4

Narrowing of joint space can indicate

Answer 4

Possible cartilage loss

Question 5

Widening of joint space can indicate

Answer 5

possible dislocation or ligamentous injury

Question 6

How can nutrient foramina appear on x-ray?

Answer 6

Corticated edge

Question 7

The appearance of the humeral head beneath the coracoid process in an AP view indicates what?

Answer 7

Anterior dislocation

Question 8

A fracture line that runs parallel to the long axis

Answer 8

Longitudinal fracture

Question 9

How is displacement described in a fracture?

Answer 9

Relative to the distal fragment

Question 10

How should angulation be described in a fracture?

Answer 10

Direction of the distal fragment angles relative to the proximal fracture

Question 11

What type of fracture involves the bone in more than two fragments?

Answer 11

Comminuted

Question 12

Normal stress on an abnormal bone resulting in frature is called:

Answer 12

Pathological fracture

Question 13

Stress fractures can appear on later x-rays as:

Answer 13

Callus or periosteal reactions

Question 14

A well-defined lesion that can be outlined with a pencil is called:

Answer 14

Geographic lesion

Question 15

Sclerotic rims are often seen in what type of lesion?

Answer 15

Geographic lesion

Question 16

A sclerotic rim strongly suggests a ____ process

Answer 16

Slow growing, benign

Question 17

A geographic lesion without a sclerotic rim indicates a ____ process

Answer 17

Locally aggressive, faster growing

Question 18

Visible widening of the affected portion of bone is known as:

Answer 18

Expansile growth

Question 19

Poorly defined, multiple small radiiolucencies that may coalesce are know as:

Answer 19

Moth-eaten or permeative pattern

Question 20

Permeative patterns are seen in ____

Answer 20

High-grade malignancies or osteomyelitis

Question 21

The ____ responds to injury or lesion by producing new bone

Answer 21

Periosteum

Question 22

A periosteal reaction that appears as focal cortical thickening indicates a:

Answer 22

Slow-growing (benign) reaction

Question 23

Multiple concentric layers, indicated sporadic growth spurts in the periosteum are known as:

Answer 23

Lamellated “onion-skin” reactions

Question 24

What causes a sunburst pattern in steady, rapid growing periosteal reactions?

Answer 24

Sharpey’s fibers stretch out perpendicular to the cortex

Question 25

A piece of periosteum raised from the bone, forming an angle at the lesion's edge is known as:

Answer 25

Codman's triangle

Question 26

Codman's triangle signifies:

Answer 26

Very rapid growth