Lecture 109

Question 1

PDGF, TGF-b, and FGF activate what typ eof cells during fracture repair?

Answer 1

Osteoprogenitor cells

Question 2

During fracture repair, a soft tissue internal callus is formed, called a

Answer 2

Procallus

Question 3

Within 2 weeks of fracture repair, the procallus becomes:

Answer 3

Bony callus

Question 4

What is the result of persistent nonunion furing fracture repair?

Answer 4

Formation of a false joint (pseudoarthrosis) due to cystic degeneration

Question 5

Inflammation of bone and marrow due to an infectious agent is called:

Answer 5

Osteomyelitis

Question 6

Osteomyelitis is most commonly caused by

Answer 6

Staph aureus

Question 7

What is it called when new reactive bone forms a shell around the sequestrum in osteomyelitis?

Answer 7

Involucrum

Question 8

Radiographic findings of lytic focus of bone destruction surrounded by sclerosis is indicative of:

Answer 8

Osteomyelitis

Question 9

Seronegative spondyloarthropathies have a strong association with which HLA mutation?

Answer 9

HLA-B27

Question 10

Anylosing spondylitis is primarily in what joints?

Answer 10

Sacroiliac and vertebral joints

Question 11

What are the key features of ankylosing spondylitis?

Answer 11

Destruction of artiular cartilage and bony ankylosis

Question 12

What is the common patient presentation of ankylosing spondylitis?

Answer 12

Lower back pain and spinal immobility in 2nd/3rd decade of life

Question 13

Arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivits is the classic triad for:

Answer 13

Reactive arthritis (AKA Reiter’s sundrome)

Question 14

Borrelia burgdorferi causes what condition?

Answer 14

Lyme disease

Question 15

Lyme arthritis is seen inwhat stage of lyme disease?

Answer 15

Late disseminated stage

Question 16

What are the common treatments for lyme arthritis?

Answer 16

Doxycycline, amoxicillin, or cefuroxime

Question 17

What condition is associated with a gain-of-function mutation in GNAS1?

Answer 17

Fibrous dysplasia

Question 18

What condition is characterized as benign tumor-like lesions where normal bone is replaced by fibro-osseous tissue?

Answer 18

Fibrous dysplasia

Question 19

Fibrous dysplasia presents as:

Answer 19

Intramedullary lytic lesions that may cause bowing and/or cortical thinning

Question 20

Irregular trabeculae of woven bone and moderately cellular fibroplastic proliferation w/o prominent osteoblastic rimming are histological findings consistent with:

Answer 20

Fibrous dysplasia

Question 21

What fibrous dysplasia type is characterized by single bone involvement, often in adolescense?

Answer 21

Monostotic fibrous dysplasia

Question 22

How is monostotic fibrous dysplasia treated?

Answer 22

Curettage

Question 23

What fibrous dysplasia type is characterized by the involvement of multiple bones?

Answer 23

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

Question 24

How is pain treated in polyostotic fibrous dysplasia?

Answer 24

Biphosphonates

Question 25

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, cafe-au-lait spots, and endocrine hyperfunction are signs of:

Answer 25

McCune-Albright syndrome

Question 26

McCune-Albright syndrome has what type of involvement?

Answer 26

Unilateral involvement

Question 27

Simple bone cysts are:

Answer 27

Fluid-filled cavities lined by fibrous tissue

Question 28

Where are simple bone cysts typically found?

Answer 28

Near growth plates of long bones

Question 29

Multiloculated, blood-filled cystic spaces separated by fibrous septa, AKA

Answer 29

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC)

Question 30

Imagine that reveals a well-circumscribed lytic lesion with a thin sclerotic "eggshell" margin at the periphery may indicate:

Answer 30

Aneurysmal bone cyst

Question 31

Histological findings of blood-filled paces lined by plump spindle cells, multinucleated giant cells, and reactive woven bone with osteoblastic rimming would indicate:

Answer 31

Aneurysmal bone cyst

Question 32

Rearrangements of chromosome 17p13 leading to fusion of USP6 can cause:

Answer 32

Aneurysmal bone cysts

Question 33

How are aneurysmal bone cysts treated?

Answer 33

Curettage or excision

Question 34

Ganglion cysts are found near:

Answer 34

Joint capsules or tendon sheaths, often on the wrist

Question 35

A herniation of synovium through a joitn capsule or enlargement of a bursa is called:

Answer 35

Synovial cyst

Question 36

What is the pathophysiology of a ganglion cyst?

Answer 36

Cystic or myxoid connective tissue degeneration that lacks a true epithelial lining

Question 37

The linging of a synovial cyst typically resembles:

Answer 37

Hyperplastic synovium

Question 38

What are common sites of primary bone tumors?

Answer 38

Distal femur and proximal tibia

Question 39

Osteoid osteomas are typically found ____, while osteoblastomas are typically found ____

Answer 39

in long bones; in the spine

Question 40

When is pain most present in osteoid osteomas?

Answer 40

Nocturnal pain

Question 41

What is the treatment for pain in osteoid osteomas?

Answer 41

NSAIDs

Question 42

Do NSAIDs relieve pain caused by osteoblastomas?

Answer 42

No

Question 43

Osteomas are a ____ bone tumor

Answer 43

Benign

Question 44

What primary bone tumor is associated with Gardner's syndrome?

Answer 44

Osteoma

Question 45

Benign cartilage-capped bony outgrowth attached to the underlying skeleton by a bone stalk

Answer 45

Osteochondroma

Question 46

What is the most common benign bone tumor?

Answer 46

Osteochondroma

Question 47

Benign tumor of hyaline cartilage within the medullary cavity or on the surface

Answer 47

Chondroma

Question 48

Radiographic findings of a lucent lesion with central, irregular calcifications and an intact cortex indicate:

Answer 48

Chondroma

Question 49

Multiple chondromas on one side of the body are seen in what syndrome?

Answer 49

Ollier disease

Question 50

Maffucci syndrome presents as

Answer 50

Multiple chondromas and soft tissue spindle cell hemangiomas

Question 51

Giant cell tumor, AKA

Answer 51

Osteoclastoma