Lecture 112

Question 1

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Main blood supply of the hip

Answer 1

Medial circumflex femoral artery

Question 2

Most commonly strained quadriceps muscle

Answer 2

Rectus femoris

Question 3

Abnormal contact between the femoral head and acetabulum, often leading to labral damage and pain

Answer 3

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)

Question 4

What type of FAI involves the femoral head not being perfectly round?

Answer 4

CAM FAI

Question 5

What type of FAI involves excess bone along acetabular rim?

Answer 5

Pincer FAI

Question 6

Limited hip ROM, especially flexion and internal rotation, and groin pain are symptoms of:

Answer 6

FAI

Question 7

Acetabular rim trimming and labral repair are surgical treatments for:

Answer 7

FAI

Question 8

A direct blow to the iliac crest or greater trochanter can cause:

Answer 8

Hip pointer (iliac crest contusion)

Question 9

Tenderness, bruising, and pain over the iliac crest are symptoms of:

Answer 9

Hip pointer

Question 10

What is the most common type of hip dislocation?

Answer 10

Posterior hip dislocation

Question 11

What is a common mechanism of injury for a posterior hip dislocation?

Answer 11

Dashboard injury; force drives the femur posteriorly when the hip is flexed

Question 12

A leg that appears shortened, internally roatetd, and adducted likely has a ____ hip dislocation

Answer 12

Posterior

Question 13

What nerve injury is possible due to a posterior hip dislocation?

Answer 13

Sciatic nerve injury

Question 14

A leg that is externally rotated, abducted, and mildly flexed is likely to have a ____ hip dislocation

Answer 14

Anterior

Question 15

Hip dislocations should be reduced within ____

Answer 15

6 hours

Question 16

Femoral head (intracapsular) fractures are at high risk for:

Answer 16

Avascualr necrosis

Question 17

Two kinds of extracapsular hip fractures

Answer 17

Intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric

Question 18

Femoral shaft fractures are commonly treated with

Answer 18

Intramedullary nailing

Question 19

Femoral shaft fractures have a high risk of

Answer 19

Blood loss, potential shock, compartment syndrome

Question 20

Joint injection only for the knees that may temporarily improve pain, but may accelerate OA

Answer 20

Viscosupplementation

Question 21

What ligament in the knee resists valgus force?

Answer 21

Medial collateral ligament (MCL)

Question 22

What ligament in the knee resists varus forces?

Answer 22

Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

Question 23

What ligament in the knee resists anterior translation and rotation of the tibia on the femur?

Answer 23

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Question 24

What ligament in the knee resists posterior translation of the tibia on the femur?

Answer 24

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Question 25

How is a patellar fracture immobilized?

Answer 25

In extension, weight-bearing as tolerated

Question 26

Assessment for what other injury should be done in a patella fracture?

Answer 26

Popliteal artery injury

Question 27

Patellar dislocation most commonly occurs in which direction?

Answer 27

Lateral dislocation

Question 28

Medial collateal ligament injuries are often associated with

Answer 28

Medial meniscal tears

Question 29

MCL injuries occurs with a ____ blow to the knee

Answer 29

Lateral

Question 30

LCL injuries occur with a ____ blow to the knee

Answer 30

Medial

Question 31

Lateral meniscus tears are more common in acute ____ injuries

Answer 31

ACL

Question 32

What meniscus injury is more common in the general population?

Answer 32

Medial meniscus tear

Question 33

A positive McMurray's test or Apley compression test can indicate:

Answer 33

Meniscal tear

Question 34

What ligament injury occurs from non-contact pivot with knee hyperextension or rotation?

Answer 34

ACL tear

Question 35

What is the most sensitive test for an ACL tear?

Answer 35

Lachman test

Question 36

O'Donoghue's (Unhappy/Terrible) triad

Answer 36

ACL, MCL, medial meniscus

Question 37

What ligament inury is associated with a dashboard injury?

Answer 37

PCL tear

Question 38

What mechanism can cause a PCL tear?

Answer 38

Hyperextension injuries

Question 39

Swelling anterior to patella and pain with active ROM associayed with prolonged kneeling can indicate:

Answer 39

Prepatellar bursitis (Housemaid's knee)

Question 40

Medial knee pain at insertion of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus can indicate:

Answer 40

Pes Anserine bursitis

Question 41

Posteior knee swelling that can cause discomfort or fullness in the popliteal area is a sign of:

Answer 41

Baker's cyst (Popliteal cyst)

Question 42

Imagining must be done on a Baker's cyst to rule out:

Answer 42

DVT

Question 43

Five P's of acute compartment syndrome

Answer 43

1. pain out of proportion 2. paresthesia 3. pallor 4. paralysis 5. pulselessness

Question 44

Common mechanism of tibial fractures

Answer 44

High-energy impact or twisting

Question 45

Clot formation typically in the deep veins of the leg (popliteal, femoral)

Answer 45

Deep vein thrombosis

Question 46

Virchow's triad for DVT

Answer 46

Stasis of blood, endothelial damage, hypercoagulable state

Question 47

A positive Homan's sign can indicate (though not highly specific)

Answer 47

DVT

Question 48

What ligaments in the ankle resist eversion?

Answer 48

Medial ligaments (deltoid ligament)

Question 49

What ligaments of the ankle resist inversion?

Answer 49

Lateral ligaments (ATFL)

Question 50

What ligaments are involved in high ankle sprains?

Answer 50

Syndesmotic ligaments

Question 51

An ankle sprain with an incomplete tear and moderate instability is what grade?

Answer 51

Grade II

Question 52

What must be considered with a high ankle sprain?

Answer 52

Maisonneuve fracture

Question 53

A positive squeeze test can indicate a:

Answer 53

high ankle sprain

Question 54

Ankle radiograph required if:

Answer 54

Tenderness at posterior edge of lateral or medial malleolus OR an inability to bear weight

Question 55

Foot radiograph required if:

Answer 55

tenderness at base of 5th metacarpal, OR tenderness at the navicular, OR inability to bear weight

Question 56

Mechanism of Achilles tendon rupture

Answer 56

Forceful push-off, sudden plantarflexion

Question 57

Presentation of Achilles tendon rupture

Answer 57

Inabiltiy to plantarflex, difficulty walking