Lecture 13: Lower Extremity part 4 (joints)

Question 1

1) What type of joint is the hip joint?
2) What structures are involved?

Answer 1

1) Ball and socket synovial joint
2) Femoral head; acetabulum + labrum

Question 2

Define the orbicular zone

Answer 2

Thickened joint capsule, thick parts of the capsule form “ligaments” [around hip joint]

Question 3

The extent of synovium of the hip joint is proximal to the greater trochanter, but the ____________________ inserts at IT crest

Answer 3

fibrous joint capsule

Question 4

List 2 components of the hip’s fibrous layer joint capsule

Answer 4

Orbicular zone
Ligaments

Question 5

The retinaculum (fold) of the hip joint is located where?

Answer 5

Synovial membrane

Question 6

Where do most adductor muscles insert?

Answer 6

Onto femur shaft

Question 7

slide 12

Question 8

slide 12

Question 9

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What are the extensors of the hip?

Question 10

What are the 3 abductors of the hip?

Answer 10

1) Gluteus medius
2) Gluteus minimus
3) Tensor fasciae latae

Question 11

slide 16

Question 12

1) What artery mainly supplies the hip joint?
2) Where does this artery come from?
3) What else supplies this area?

Answer 12

Profunda femoris a. (variation femoral a.)
Medial and Lateral Circumflex a.
Obturator a. to Acetabular br. via ligament of head of femur

Question 13

Fractures of the femoral neck or dislocation of hip joint often disrupt what blood supply? What may this result in?

Answer 13

1) Medial circumflex and retinacular arteries
2) Avascular Necrosis of the proximal femoral head fragment

Question 14

1) True or false: The artery to head of femur is often NOT adequate.
2) Dislocation of femoral head may lead to injury to what artery?

Answer 14

1) True
2) Acetabular branch artery

Question 15

1) What type of joint is the knee? What are its 3 movements?
2) What leg bone is not involved with knee joint or weight bearing?
3) What stabilizes the knee joint?

Answer 15

1) Hinged synovial joint - glides, rolls, rotates
2) Fibula
3) Muscles and ligaments

Question 16

What are the 3 articular surfaces of the knee joint?

Answer 16

1) Lateral and medial (femoral & tibia condyles)
2) Patella

Question 17

What pulse is in the popliteal fossa?

Answer 17

Popliteal artery

Question 18

What parts of the knee joint are weight bearing?

Answer 18

Condyles of femur and tibia

Question 19

What parts of the knee joint are the articular surfaces?

Answer 19

Lateral and medial femoral and tibial condyles

Question 20

Ture or false: medial meniscus is attached to the medial collateral ligament (MCL) but lateral meniscus is NOT attached to the LCL

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What prevents anterior translocation of the knee?

Answer 21

ACL

Question 22

What ligament is the lateral meniscus protected by laterally?

Answer 22

Fibular collateral ligament

Question 23

1) What prevents or stabilizes excessive anterior movement of tibia relative to femur?
2) What does the PCL do?

Answer 23

1) ACL
2) Stabilizes posterior movement of tibia relative to femur

Question 24

1) What tests for integrity of the ACL?
2) What tests for integrity of the PCL?

Answer 24

1) Anterior drawer sign
2) Posterior drawer sign

Question 25

What allows stabilization of round femoral condyle on flat tibial condyle?

Answer 25

Medial and lateral menisci [of knee]

Question 26

What is the common triad injury to players hit from posterior lateral aspect of the knee?

Answer 26

1) MCL
2) Medial meniscus
3) ACL

Question 27

List 3 clinically relevant bursa of the knee
List 4 conditions that affect the bursa of the knee

Answer 27

: prepatellar, suprapatellar with joint capsule, pes anserine
Baker’s cyst
Joint effusion
Pes anserine bursitis
Prepatellar bursitis

Question 28

1) Synovial capsule [of knee] is extensive and continuous with what?
2) Joint effusion will affect what?

Answer 28

1) Suprapatellar bursa
2) Suprapatellar bursa

Question 29

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Vascular and innervation of the knee joint

Answer 29

Genicular arteries provide articular branches articular br.
Branches from the femoral, tibial, common fibular, obturator, & saphenous n.

Question 30

1) What type of joint is the proximal tib-fib joint?
2) What about the distal tib-fib joint? What is it made of?

Answer 30

1) Synovial
2) Fibrous (syndesmosis); thickening of the interosseous membrane

Question 31

What joint is a thickening of the interosseous membrane?

Answer 31

Distal tib-fib joint

Question 32

1) Cox refers to __________
2) Genu refers to ___________

Answer 32

1) hip
2) knee

Question 33

1) What is genu varum?
2) What about genu valgum?

Answer 33

1) Bow-legged
2) Knock-knees