Extra lectures 13 (pts 1-3) cards Flashcards
quiz 5
What nerve and artery supply the anterior thigh?
Femoral nerve and artery
What nerve and artery supply the medial thigh?
Obturator nerve and artery
1) What groups of nerves supply the posterior compartment of the thigh?
2) Name a group of muscles found in this compartment
1) Superficial (clunial) and deep gluteal nerves (incl. sciatic, and sup & inf glut. nerves)
2) Hamstrings
1) What nerve and artery innervate the anterior leg?
2) What muscles are here?
1) Deep fibular nerve, anterior tibial artery
2) EDL, EHL, TA muscles
What nerve and arteries supply the lateral compartment of the leg?
Superficial fibular nerve; anterior tibial artery’s perforating branches does proximal pt and fibular artery does distal pt.
What supply the posterior compartment of the leg with innervation?
Medial sural (from tibial) and sural (from fib+tib) nerves
What nerves innervate the lateral foot?
Medial sural nerve (from tibial) and sural nerves.
What nerve innervates the dorsum of the foot? What vein supplies here?
Lateral sural nerve, great saphenous vein
Which is “pointing your toe” dorsiflexion or plantar flexion?
Plantar flexion
Where is the Soleus muscle? Does it cross and act on the knee? If not, what does it do?
Posterior leg deep to gastrocnemius muscle; does not cross knee/ no action at knee, plantar flexion
What muscle is two headed and acts on two joints? Where is it?
Gastrocnemius muscle (posterior leg); superficial to soleus
What does the gastrocnemius do?
-Plantar flexion at ankle/foot (raises heel (walking))
-Flexion @ knee
Calf muscles in superficial posterior compartment are called what?
Triceps surae
What two muscles are evertors of the foot? Where do their tendons pass?
FL and FB; posterior to malleolus
(Fibularis longus and fibularis brevis)
What are the two dorsiflexor muscles of the ankle?
TA and FT
What two muscles extend the toes?
EDL and EHL
What divides into common fibular and tibial nerves?
Sciatic nerve
What provides motor to the posterior compartment of the leg (plantar flexor of the ankle/foot, flex the knee)?
Tibial nerve
1) What provides sensation to the medial leg and foot?
2) What provides the medial leg with blood drainage?
1) Saphenous nerve
2) Great saphenous vein
What two things does the femoral nerve divide into?
Saphenous and anterior cutaneous nerve
What does the anterior cutaneous nerve supply?
Sensation to thigh
What provides innervation to the iliopsoas and quadriceps femoris?
Femoral nerve
What do the deep and superficial fibular (peroneal) nerves supply?
Deep = anterior compartment
Superficial = lateral compartment
Where do the genicular periarticular arterial anastomosis of the knee region originate?
Not one particular origin
What two nerves arise from sacral plexus to innervate gluteal region?
Superior and inferior gluteal nerves
What do the superficial gluteal nerves do? What are they?
Innervate skin region; superficial, medial, and deep clunial nerves
Give examples of deep gluteal nerves
Sciatic, posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh,
superior (glut med and min) & inferior gluteal nerves (glut max), nerve to quadratus femoris, pudendal nerve (perineum), & nerve to obturator internus
What innervates innervates posterior thigh muscles?
Tibial nerve
What two nerves innervate most everything below the knee?
Tibial n. and fibular n.
What muscle can irritate the nearby sciatic nerve and cause pain, numbness and tingling along the back of the leg and into the foot (similar too sciatic pain)?
Piriformis
Positive Trendelenburg test tests what nerve and what two muscles?
Superior gluteal nerve and gluteus medius and minimus
What innervates the gluteus maximus? What does this muscle insert into?
Inferior gluteal nerve; ITB
IM gluteal injections are safest where?
Superolateral quadrant
List 3 arteries that supply the gluteal region
Internal iliac a., superior and inferior gluteal aa.
What arteries supply the posterior compartment of the thigh?
No exclusive supply – branches from Inferior gluteal, medial circumflex femoral, perforating arteries of profunda femoris, & Popliteal a.
What is the chief artery of the thigh?
Profunda femoris a.
What supplies the posterior thigh muscles with blood?
Profunda femoris a. perforating branches
What provides a continuing anastomosis from gluteal to popliteal region?
Profunda femoris a. chief artery and its perforating branches
What innervates the hamstrings (posterior compartment)? What are the exceptions?
Tibial n (branch of sciatic nerve); hamstring part of adductor magnus (remainder of adductor group from obturator n.) and short head of biceps femoris is NOT considered a hamstring
What innervates the short head of biceps femoris?
Common fibular n (br. of sciatic nerve)
At puberty hip bones are still separated by what cartilage?
Triradiate
Medial malleolus fractures usually occur from what kind of movement?
Eversion
Where are the sesamoid bones?
Distal part of 1st MT
An injury of the foot in which one or more of the metatarsal bones are displaced (dislocated) from the tarsus is called what?
Lisfrancinjury (also known asLisfrancfracture)
The aponeurosis of what two muscles makes up the IT band/ tract on the lateral thigh?
Tensor facia lata and gluteus maximus
What inserts on the iliac (GERDY) tubercle to anterolateral tibial tubercle?
IT band/ tract
Fatty tissue and superficial veins can be found in what part of the thigh?
SQ tissue
3 compartments can be found in what part of the thigh?
Deep fascia
1) What fascia is continuous from Fascia Lata and forms the 3 compartments of the thigh along with the IM septa?
2) What fascia is also continuous from Fascia Lata and has septa that divide into compartments?
1) Deep fascia of thigh
2) Crural fascia (deep investing) of the leg
What divides the posterior part of the leg into superficial and deep parts?
Transverse intermuscular septum
1) The calf muscles that cross the knee and ankle are in what compartment?
2) What abt the foot plantar flexors that cross the ankle?
1) Superficial posterior compartment of leg
2) Deep posterior compartment of leg
List the 5 Ps of compartment syndrome
Pain, pallor (pale skin tone), paresthesia (numbness feeling), pulselessness (faint pulse) and paralysis (weakness with movements).
What veins of the LE are a part of the musculovenous pump?
Deep veins (within sheath):
1) Saphenous to femoral vein
2) Small saphenous to popliteal vein to femoral vein
Dorsal digital vein of the great toe and dorsal venous arch of the foot come off what?
Great saphenous vein
Dorsal digital vein of 5th digit & dorsal venous arch come off what?
Small saphenous vein
How does the great saphenous vein ascend from foot to thigh?
Anterior to medial malleolus at bottom, but posterior to medial condyle near knee
What does the great saphenous vein drain into?
Saphenous opening in the facia lata into the femoral vein
What vein ascends between heads of the gastrocnemius mm. on the posterior leg and [continues as/ empties into] the popliteal vein?
Small saphenous vein
What two vein arches are in the foot?
Dorsal and plantar
Are the lymphatics following the greater saphenous vein superficial or deep? Where do these go?
Superficial nodes; to deep inguinal & iliac lymph nodes
Are the lymphatics following the small saphenous vein superficial or deep? Where do these go?
Superficial; to popliteal nodes (then accompany deep v. & lymphatics)
After the deep lymphatics of the LE accompany deep vein, where do they go?
To popliteal nodes (to deep inguinal nodes to iliac nodes)
The major artery to lower extremity is what?
Femoral
What artery branches into anterior and posterior tibial arteries distal to popliteal fossa (leg)?
Popliteal a.
What are the two biggest/ first branches off the femoral artery?
Popliteal and profunda femoris
What is artery is usually a branch of internal iliac artery?
Obturator artery
Sciatic, femoral, obturator nerves have what branches?
Motor and cutaneous sensory branches.
What LE nerves come from L2-4?
Femoral and obturator nerves
List the motor and sensory jobs of the femoral nerve
1) Motor: Flexors of the hip and extensors of the knee
2) Sensory
-Anterior cutaneous n. of thigh
-Medial calf and foot (Saphenous n.)
What nerves come from L4-S3?
Sciatic and its branches (tibial nerve, common fibular nerve, etc)
What nerve’s branches supply all motor below the knee?
Sciatic
What nerve’s branches supply most sensory below the knee?
Sciatic
What nerve is from the femoral n. and innervates sensation of the medial aspect of leg and foot?
Saphenous nerve
What nerve comes from S1-2?
Plantar nerves (via tibial nerve)
What innervates the intrinsic muscles of the foot?
Plantar nerve
What provides sensory to plantar surface + other nerves?
Plantar nerve
What nerve comes from L4-S2?
Common fibular
1) What movement(s) does the common fibular nerve provide motor to?
2) How does it provide sensory innervation? To what?
1) Dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot
2) Br into lateral sural n.; lateral leg & foot, dorsum of foot
What nerves come off the tibial nerve? What does each do?
1) Lateral and medial plantar nerves
-Intrinsic muscles of foot + sensory to plantar surface and other nerves
2) Medial sural cutaneous nerve
What is the main flexor of the hip joint?
Iliopsoas muscle
What innervates the iliopsoas muscle?
Iliacus by femoral and psoas by L123
What attaches to the quadriceps tendon at the patella?
Rectus femoris
Besides rectus femoris, what are the other quadriceps femoris?
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
What do the quadriceps do?
Extend knee joint
What does the rectus femoris muscle do?
Flex hip and extend knee
What muscles act across both the hip and knee joints?
1) Anterior compartment of thigh: Rectus femoris and sartorius
2) Medial compartment of thigh: Gracilis
What muscle both adducts the hip and flexes + rotates the knee medially?
Gracilis
*important
What are the primary movements of the gluteal muscles?
Hip extension (gluteus maximus) and hip abduction (gluteus medius and minimus)
What innervates the gluteus maximus? What abt the minimus and medius?
1) G. Maximus = inferior gluteal nerve
2) G. Minimus and G. Medius = superior gluteal nerve
What medial thigh muscle laterally rotates hip and pulls femoral head into acetabulum?
Obturator muscle
What is the primary blood supply to head and neck of femur?
Medial circumflex femoral artery
What vessels primarily supply blood to muscles on lateral thigh?
Lateral circumflex femoral artery
What are the branches of the posterior tibial artery?
1) Medial plantar a (digital)
2) Lateral plantar a (digital)
3) Fibular (peroneal) a
What do the medial and lateral plantar arteries give off?
1) Deep and superficial plantar arches
2) Plantar metatarsal arteries
3) Medial and lateral (plantar) digital arteries
What do the muscles of each half of the posterior leg do?
1) Superficial = calf muscles – cross knee and ankle
2) Deep = foot plantar flexors – cross ankle
1) What artery is palpated posterior to the medial malleolus?
2) Which is over the navicular and medial cuneiform bones?
3) Which is in the inferior popliteal fossa?
4) Which is anterior to the neck of the femur?
1) Posterior tibial
2) Dorsalis pedis
3) Popliteal
4) Femoral
What nerve innervates the back of the leg and thigh? (motor)
Tibial nerve (from sciatic)
What do the lateral and medial plantar nerves come from? What is their motor action?
Tibial nerve (which comes from sciatic); intrinsic muscles of foot
1) What glut muscle(s) externally/ laterally rotate(s) the hip?
2) What glut muscle(s) internally/ medially rotate(s) the hip?
1) Glut Max
2) Glut. Med and Min
What allows passage of AV posteriorly to popliteal fossa?
Adductor hiatus
What muscle is found in the popliteal fossa region?
Plantaris
Does the sciatic nerve do motor functions?
No (according to dr mac in review session)
If there’s numbness or weakness of the quadriceps (ext of knee), then you may say you have a _____________ nerve issue or a back issue that’s causing that nerve (which is a mixed nerve) itself to have issues (numbness, paralysis, paresis))
femoral
