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Pathology 372 > Lecture 13 Eye Pathology > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Eye Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Name the following structures:

Purple = ______

Yellow = ______

A

Purple = descemet’s membrane

Yellow = trabecular meshwork

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2
Q

Based on the changes that have developed in this specimen, what might be your diagnosis?

A

Pectinate ligament dysplasia

(Pectinate ligament should be where the yellow line has been drawn)

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3
Q

Abnormal development of the pectinate ligament can predispose an animal to what ocular condition?

A

Primary glaucoma

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4
Q

This is normal, healthy tissue of the eye.

What are the highlighted structures?

Green = ____

Yellow = ____

Blue = ____

A

Green = trabecular meshwork

Yellow = pectinate ligament

Blue = descemet’s membrane

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5
Q
  1. Where might you find aqueous humor, purple “x” or green “x”?
  2. What is the term used to refer to the angle highlighted in yellow?
A
  1. Aqueous humor at the GREEN “X”
  2. Iridocorneal angle
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6
Q

What is wrong with this occular tissue?

A

Choroidal hypoplasia

(Choroid is circled in black but missing where the “x’s” have been placed)

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7
Q

Identify the labeled structures:

Yellow = ____

Black = ____

Green “X” = ____

A

Yellow = photo receptors

Black = retinal pigment epithelium

Green “X” = sclera

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8
Q

Choroidal hypoplasia is a component of which specific canine anomaly?

A

Collie eye anomaly

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9
Q

What is the definition of hypopyon?

A

Accumulation of purulent exudate in the anterior chamber of the eye

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10
Q
  1. Name the condition:
  2. How does this differ from other types of uveitis?
A
  1. Acute uveitis
  2. Acute uveitis is characterized by the production of serofibrinous exudate, which accumulates on the surface of the iris and within the anterior chamber
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11
Q

What is the term for the change that has occurred?

A

Hypopyon

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12
Q

What is labeled here?

A.

B.

A

A. Ciliary cleft

B. Anterior chamber

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13
Q

What is the most common form of uveitis?

A

Anterior uveitis

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14
Q

Anterior uveitis is the inflammation of the ____ and +/- the ____ ____.

A

Anterior uveitis is the inflammation of the iris and +/- the ciliary body

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15
Q

Anterior uveitis is a common cause of which type of glaucoma?

A

Secondary glaucoma

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16
Q

Based on the changes present and the cellular infiltrate, what is the name of this condition?

A

Lymphoplasmacytic anterior uveitis

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17
Q
  1. What major change has occurred here?
  2. What is this a result of?
  3. What type of uveitis does this change cause?
A
  1. Lens rupture
  2. Results from trauma to the lens
  3. Phacoclastic uveitis
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18
Q

This is a FIP (feline infectious peritonitis) positive cat.

  1. Knowing that information, what might you consider as a diagnosis here?
  2. Where does the exudate accumulate in this condition?
A
  1. Pyogranulomatous uveitis
  2. Exudate accumulates around blood vessels in the uvea
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19
Q

What does PIFM stand for?

A

Preiridial Fibrovascular Membrane

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20
Q

What is anterior synechia?

A

Adhesion of the IRIS to the CORNEA

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21
Q

What is posterior synechia?

A

Adhesion of the IRIS to the LENS CAPSULE

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22
Q

What is entropion uveae?

A

INWARD contraction of the pupillary margin

( eyelid rolls in )

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23
Q

What is ectropion uveae?

A

OUTWARD contraction of the pupillary margin

( eyelid rolls out )

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24
Q

What is this condition called?

A

Anterior synechia

(Iris adhered to the cornea)

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25
Q

What are the BIG 3 intraocular neoplasms originating from the uvea?

A
  1. Melanoma
  2. Ciliary body adenoma or carcinoma
    1. Lymphosarcoma
      2.
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26
Q
  1. From where do ciliary body epithelial tumors originate?
  2. Are these tumors more often benign or malignant?
A
  1. Originate from the epithelium that covers the ciliary body
    1. More often BENIGN
27
Q

Uveal neoplasms are prone to _____ as they enlarge and may contribute to the production of a ____.

A

Uveal neoplasms are prone to hemorrhage as they enlarge and may contribute to the production of a PIFM (preiridial fibrovascular membrane).

28
Q

What is the term used for a proliferation of fibrovascular tissue on the anterior surface of the iris?

A

Preiridial fibrovascular membrane

AKA rubeosis iridis

29
Q

What are the 4 causes of intra-ocular hemorrhage?

A
  1. Trauma
  2. Inflammation
  3. Hypertensive vasculopathy
  4. Neoplasia
30
Q

True of False:

Hypertensive vasculopathy may result in detached retina.

31
Q

True or False:

Neoplasms cause hemorrhage and PIFM formation, but retinal detachment is not observed.

A

FALSE

Neoplasms, trauma, inflammation, and hypertensive vasculopathy are all causes of intra-ocular hemorrhage, and intra-ocular hemorrhage can ultimately result in retinal detachment.

32
Q

1.

2.

3.

A
  1. Preiridial fibrovascular membrane
  2. Fibroblast
  3. Blood vessel
33
Q

Preiridial fibrovascular membranes form on the ____ side of the ____.

A

Preiridial fibrovascular membranes form on the anterior surface of the iris.

34
Q

What is your diagnosis?

A

Uveal melanoma

35
Q
  1. How would you describe this cellular infiltrate?
  2. What is your diagnosis?
A
  1. Large, heavily pigmented neoplastic melanyocytes
  2. Diffuse iris melanoma
36
Q

What is your diagnosis?

A

Ciliary body neoplasm

37
Q

What are the 2 causes of retinal dysplasia?

A
  1. Genetic
  2. Viral infection (during development; BVD for example)
38
Q

How does a viral infection during development lead to retinal dysplasia?

A

Infection affects neural tissue, affecting the eye and brain by association

39
Q

What might cause retinal degeneration / atrophy?

(There are 7)

A
  1. Ischemia
  2. Glaucoma
  3. Nutritional deficiencies
  4. Drugs
  5. Genetics
  6. Inflammation
  7. Detachment
40
Q

Retinal degeneration usually manifests as the loss of one or more of what?

A

The neuronal components

41
Q

There are multiple abnormalities with this specimen:

What are your diagnoses?

A

Yellow = Retinal dysplasia and detachment

Green = Microphakia

42
Q

Which 2 types of cells are typically characteristic of infiltrates associated with retinitis?

A

Lymphocytes

Plasma cells

43
Q
  1. What does SARDS stand for?
  2. What type of cells are degenerated in this condition?
A
  1. Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration
  2. Photoreceptors & possibly outer nuclear cell layers
44
Q

What condition is the “opposite” of SARDS in terms of cell degeneration?

45
Q

What are the labeled areas:

Yellow?

Red?

Black?

A

Yellow = inner nucelar layer

Red = outer nuclear layer

Black = retinal pigmental epithelium

46
Q

Which structures are labeled here?

Red = ____

Yellow = ____

A

Red = retina

Yellow = ganglion cell

47
Q

What is the name of this condition?

A

Sudden acquired retinal degeneration

48
Q

Labeled structures:

Yellow = ____

Red = ____

A

Yellow = outer nuclear layer

Red = photoreceptor cells

49
Q

What is the name of this condition?

50
Q
  1. What is the name of this condition?
  2. What is an accurate description of the cellularity?
A
  1. Retinal atrophy
  2. Hypocellular
51
Q

What might cause retinal detachment?

(3 causes)

A
  1. Hemorrhage
  2. Transudate from hypertensive vasculopathy
  3. Exudate
52
Q

True or False:

  1. Retinal detachment involves retinal separating from the retinal pigment epithelium
  2. In combination with retinal detachment, retinal pigment epithelium will often hypertrophy
53
Q

What change has occurred here?

A

Retinal detachment

54
Q
  1. Where is the retina attached within the globe?
  2. How is the retina held into place elsewhere?
A
  1. Optic nerve & where it interacts with the ciliary body
  2. Held in place by the vitreous body
55
Q

True of False:
Microphakia is a genetic disorder

A

FALSE

Microphakia is a congenital defect

56
Q

What is microphakia?

A

Small, underdeveloped lens

57
Q

What are 3 specific causes of cataracts?

A
  1. Congenital
  2. Aging
  3. Diabetes mellitus
58
Q

Explain the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus leading to development of cataracts.

A

Diabetes mellitus = hyperglycemia –> glucose gets into cells –> glucose converted into sorbitol –> sorbitol pulls fluid in –> causes swelling and opacity of the lens

59
Q

What are the 4 reactions of the lens to injury?

A
  1. Microphakia
  2. Cataract
  3. Nuclear sclerosis
  4. Phacitis
60
Q

What is your diagnosis?

A

Bilateral glaucoma

61
Q

This is a picture of a cataract histologically; what are the labeled structures:

A?

B?

A

A = swollen cortical fibers

B = fragmented cortical fibers

62
Q

How might the retinal react to injury?

(4 ways)

A
  1. Dysplasia
  2. Inflammation
  3. Degeneration/atrophy
  4. Detachment

Pathology 372 (17 decks)

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