Lab 7 Renal

Question 1

This is tissue from a 10 year old rat terrier with a 2 month history of vaginal discharge.

1. Describe the lesion.
2. What is your morphogical diagnosis?

Answer 1

1. Urinary bladder: mucosal surface is spotted with dark red areas and strands of fibrin. The wall is moderately thickened. The trigone region contains 2 hard, light tan, spherical uroliths. The proximal urethra is dilated and dark red in color.
2. Urinary bladder: Chronic fibrinonecrotic cystits + urethritis + multiple uroliths

Question 2

Fill in the blanks to the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis:

Urinary obstruction –> __1__ –> Urinary bladder rupture –> bacterial infection + urinary stasis –> __2__ –> __3__

Answer 2

1. Hydronephrosis
2. Ascending infection
3. Pyelonephritis

Question 3

This is tissue from a 5 month old, male castrated crossbred pig that presented with depression, anorexia, and dyspnea.

1. Describe the lesion.
2. What is your morphological diagnosis?

Answer 3

1. Kidneys: diffusely pale and edematous. The capsular surface contains multifocal areas of petechial to ecchymotic hemorrhages, areas whith also extend down into the parenchyma of the cortex and medulla.
2. Acute multifocal petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGIC NEPHRITIS)

Question 4

This is tissue from a pig that presented with depression, anorexia, and dyspnea. What are specific differential diagnoses for this hemorrhagic change in the kidney of a pig?

Answer 4

1. Porcine circovirus infection
2. Salmonellosis
3. Acute Erysipelas
4. African swine fever
5. Classical swine fever

Question 5

This is tissue from a male sheep. It had been straining to urinate. The abdomen was distended and tense. A urolith was observed at the leve of the sigmoid flexure.

1. Describe the kidney lesions.
2. Describe the ureter lesions.
3. Decribe the urethra lesions.
   4.

Answer 5

1. Kidneys: diffusely pale and friable. Both kidneys contain cream colored purulent material. There is moderate hydronephrosis of both kidneys as well. There is a hole in the wall of the apex. Bladder mucosa is thickened and rough and the lumen contains numerous blood clots.
2. Ureters: bilaterally dilated.
3. Urethra: at the level of the sigmoid flexure there is a locally extensive area of necrosis with friable exudate, hemorrhage, luminal obstruction, and peripheral fibrosis. Mucosa proximal to the obstruction is hemorrhagic.

Question 6

What are your morphilogic diagnoses based on the following changes?

Answer 6

1. Diffuse chronic hydronephrosis, hydroureter, and renal autolysis
2. Acute urinary bladder rupture and hemorrhagic cystitis
3. Chronic locally extensive necrotizing urethritis

Question 7

This is tissue from a 16 year old male Bichon Frise. Dog brought to the veterinary clinic due to depression and loss of appetite and posterior paresis. Radiographic examination revealed a mass within the bladder, lung, and lymph nodes.

1. Describe the lesion in the bladder.
2. Describe the lession in the lungs.
3. Given the location of the lesions, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 7

1. Urinary bladder: there is a firm, red, multilobular mass located on the trigone of the bladder. The mucosal surface of the bladder was firm and covered with a thick layer yellow-white exudate.
2. Lungs: there are multifocal raised nodular lesions throughout all lung lobes. The lesions are tan to dark red in color and differ in size.
3. Urinary bladder: transitional cell carcinoma

Question 8

Explain the possible relationship between a transitional cell carcinoma mass within the urinary bladder and a mass in the lungs and lymph nodes.

Answer 8

Transitional cell carcinomas are very aggressive tumors and often metastasize. By the time they are diagnosed clinically, they have radiographically detectable pulmonary metastases in about 20% of the dogs.

Question 9

What might be ONE complication associated with a transitional cell carcinoma depending on its location within the urinary bladder?

Answer 9

A transitional cell carcinoma mass in the trigone region can cause ostruction. Obstruction can then lead to hydroureter, hydronephrosis, and azotemia.

Question 10

This is tissue from an 11 year old Quater horse gelding with a several month history of weight loss and recently elevated BUN and creatinine.

1. Describe the lesion (see back of card for histology slide)
2. Give a morphologic diagnosis.

Answer 10

1. The capsular surface of the kidney is markedly irregular and slightly elevated with multifocal and coalescing regions of pallor. On cut surface, the regions of pallow extend from the cortex into the medulla where multifocal and coalescing poorly circumscribed nodular lesions are present. The distinction between the cortex and the medullary regions is frequently lost. Some nodules are organized around central cystic cavitated areas.
2. Chronic multifocal to diffuse granulomatous interstitial nephritis