Bones review 2 Flashcards
List 3 forms of chondrodysplasia/skeletal dysplasias:
- Dwarfism
- Angular deformities
- Amelia (complete limb loss)
- Hemimelia (missing part of a limb)
- What condition is chondrodysplasia most similar to and why?
- How do these two conditions differ?
- Rickets - Chondrodysplasia is a condition associated with the thickening of the growth plate as well.
- Chondrodysplasia is not associated with any nutritional deficiencies, such as Ca, P or vitamin D.
What is the term for a mandible that expands past where it should?
Prognathism
What is the term for too short of a mandible?
Brachygnathism
What teratogen causes cyclopeia in sheep on the 14th day of gestation?
Veratrum californicum
Define osteochondrosis.
Focal defect in endochondral ossification.
Which areas of the bone are affected by osteochondrosis?
- Articular-epiphyseal complexes
- Physes (growth plates)
What is the condition called when a flap of articular cartilage breaks lose?
Osteochondrosis dissecans
Osteochondrosis develops because of an insufficient blood supply and necrosis of what?
Chondrocytes
Chondrodysplasias are all abnormalities of what?
Chondrodysplasias are abnormalities of cartilage, which leads to abnormal endochondral ossification and secondary bone deformities.
Osteochondrosis is typically a disease that mostly affects which types of animals?
Those grown for rapid, long bone growth
What is the mechanism of osteochondrosis dessicans?
- Premature vessel closure
- Ischemia at the AE complex
- Cartilage necrosis
- Focal EO failure
- Adjacent EO progression
- Deformation of articular surface
- Cartilage breaks free
What mechanism causes a net decrease in bone mass?
Osteoclastic activity exceeds bone production
What might cause osteoporosis?
- Disuse
- Nutritional deficiencies
- Hyperparathyroidism
What is a focal loss of bone?
Bone lysis
What is diffuse loss of bone?
Osteoporosis / osteopenia
Define hyperostosis.
Increased production of bone.
What conditions could cause hyperostosis to develop?
- Trauma (periosteal injury)
- Compression
- Neoplasm
- Chronic inflammation
What is osteosclerosis?
A failure of osteoclasis (decrease in the number and activity of osteoclasts)
What is osteopetrosis?
Diffuse osteosclerosis of trabecular (spongy) bone
- What is this bone conditioned called?
- The failure of what caused this?
- Osteopetrosis
- Osteoclasitic activity failed
What is the #1 cause of osteonecrosis?
Ischemia
Fracture through a growth plate will result in what?
Premature closure
