Lab 5 Renal Flashcards
This is tissue from a 6-year old foal with a heart murmur. Describe the lesion:
Large, multifocal, well demarcated, wedge-shaped to irregular-shaped areas of tannish discoloration (necrosis). These areas are bordered by a narrow zone of dark red (hemorrhage) extending from the cortex to the corticomedullary junction. Abnormal areas measure 1.5 by 1.5 cm up to 5 cm in diameter. Lesions are slightly softer in consistency than the normal tissue.
- Give a morphologic diagnosis for these lesions:
- Kideny: Multifocal, acute, renal infarcts
The lesions observed in this kidney have been caused by occlusions within one or more arterial vessels. What are 2 conditions that could have predisposed this animal to an arterial vascular occlusion?
Background information: this was a 6 year old foal with a heart murmur.
- Septicemia
- Endocarditis of the left AV valve
The 2 conditions in bold below can lead to development of an arterial vascular occlusion; what are the missing steps involved in these processes?
Septicemia -> ___ -> ___ -> ___ -> Infarction
Endocarditis -> ___ -> ___ -> Infarction
- Septicemia -> Endothelial cell damage -> Heightend state of coagulation -> Thrombus formation -> Infarction
- Endocarditis of the left AV valve -> Produces emboli -> Emboli lodge into renal arteries -> Infarction
This is tissue from a 12-year old feline.
- Describe the lesion.
- Give a morphologic diagnosis.
- The kidneys are bilaterally swollen/enlarged. Multifocally raised nodules extend from the cortex into the cut surface. The nodules are pale, firm, and about 1 - 1.5 cm in diameter.
- Kidney: Multifocal, chronic, nodular nephropathy
List two possible differential diagnoses for the enlarged, pale kidneys in the following case:
- Neoplasia (renal lymphoma)
- Inflammation associated with infection (FIP)
This is tissue from a 7 month old male foal. The foal was anorectic.
- Describe the lesions.
- Give a morphologic diagnosis.
- Liver is diffusely enlarged, pale to yellow in color, and friable with rounded edges. The kidney has a diffusely expanded cortex, which is also markedly pale.
- Kidney, liver: Diffuse hepatic and renal lipidosis
What might be some possible causes of hepatic and/or renal lipidosis, as in the picture here?
- Mobilization of lipid secondary to anorexia
- Hypoxia
- Protein deficiency
This is tissue from a 4 year old ewe with a history of weight loss and enlarged prescapular lymph nodes.
- Describe the lesion.
- Give a morphologic diagnosis.
- Multifocally, the renal cortex and corticomedullary junction contain encapsulated, round nodules that are about 2 - 3 cm in diameter. These nodules contain a creamy tan semifluid material.
- Kidney: multifocal, chronic, renal abscesses
This is tissue from a 1 year old male feline with chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and lethargy.
- Describe the lesion.
- Give a morphologic diagnosis.
- The cortical surface of the kidney contains multifocal to coalescing small, yellow, nodular areas about 1 cm in diameter. The areas extend into the cut surface, affecting the cortex, corticomedullary junction, and the medulla.
- Kidney: Multifocal, chronic, nodular nephropathy
List 3 possible differential diagnoses associated with a nodular nephropathy as displayed here:
- Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)
- Lymphoma
- Toxoplasmosis
This is a tissue from a 1 year old, castrated male Persian cat with recent weight loss, lethargy, anorexia. He was moderately to severely dehydrated on presentation.
- Describe the lesion.
- Give a morphologic diagnosis.
- The kidneys are bilaterally enlarged. Multifocally throughout the parenchyma of the kidneys are numerous cystic structures, ranging in size from 0.5 - 1.5 cm in diameter. Theses cystic areas also buldge from the capsular surface and on cut surface.
- Kidney: Multifocal, bilateral, renal cysts (polycystic kidneys)
This is tissue from a 1 year old cat. Why might these lesions be congenital as opposed to acquired?
These are LARGE cysts in a YOUNG cat, both of which suggest a congenital defect. Acquired cysts are generally FEWER and SMALLER in size.
As opposed to a congenital polycystic kidney, what kind of changes within the kidney might lead to an acquired polycystic kidney?
Injury to a tubule segment -> Focal weakness within that tubule –> Dilation of that tubule
(Often secondary to renal interstitial fibrosis)
List 2 physical differences between congenital renal cysts and acquired renal cysts that may help you differentiate between the two grossly.
- Acquired: often 1 focal “weak spot”
- Congenital: often multiple cysts
- Acquired: small cysts
- Congenital: large cysts
