Lecture 13

Question 1

what is ecology

Answer 1

how organisms interact with each other - their abiotic and biotic components and their environment
- the distribution and abundance of species
- the structure and function of ecosystems
**THE SCIENCE OF BIODIVERSITY
- it is not environmentalism - not recycling

Question 2

T/F how an organism interacts with its abiotic and biotic environments give rise to evolution by NS

Answer 2

true

Question 3

endosymbiosis theory

Answer 3

origin of mitochondria and chloroplast
- cell engulfed bacteria and it ended up = symbiotic relationship

Question 4

how many species are there

Answer 4

too many to count
- 8.7 million only eukaryotes
- animals and plants are small lineages
- big lineages = bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists

Question 5

what are some model organisms

Answer 5

lab nice (vertebrates)
fruit fly (invertebrates)
plants
e coli
- hits mostly all relevant types of organisms

Question 6

what is a population

Answer 6

it is all the individuals of the same species in one place at one time
- the elephants in the savanna

Question 7

what is an ecological community

Answer 7

all the species living together in one place at one time
- all the zebras, elephants and plants, and insects living in the savanna

Question 8

what is an ecoystem

Answer 8

all of the species in one area and one time but including all the non-living aspects too
- water, soil, gas, species
- the entire savanna

Question 9

give an example of an organism with very large VS very small geographical range

Answer 9

large = red fox
small = american pika

Question 10

why do we care about species and their geographic range

Answer 10

to see where they grow
to predict what will happen if there was a large change in the environment like habitat destruction, pollution, invasive species
where the animals will shift to next when faced with changes
- can also help us understand disease risk - whether they have small or large ranges

Question 11

what determines where species live

Answer 11

1. dispersal
2. abiotic conditions - climate, nutrients
3. species interaction - competition, predation, mutualism
   if it finds a good condition = species in a community

Question 12

what is the gradients of conditions

Answer 12

climate, temp, pH, predation, competition, mutualism, food, space
these factors = gradients of conditions
- organisms best perform at certain portions of this gradient

Question 13

what determines abundance

Answer 13

when a pop has low resources = struggle for existence = Malthus

Question 14

what is the 6th extinction

Answer 14

the extinction we are living in
human cause