Lecture 11 Flashcards
Sex and Gender Disorders (16 cards)
voyeuristic courtship paraphilia disorder
observing unsuspecting person (naked, disrobing, or having sex)
often masturbate while observing or remembering
chance of being caught enhances experience
learned behavior and exercise of power
at least 18 years old
exhibitionistic courtship paraphilia disorder
exposure of one’s genitals to unsuspecting person
sexual contact rarely initiated or desired
starts before age 18, mostly men
specify, in front of children or mature individuals
frotteuristic courtship paraphilia disorder
touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person
transvestic disorder
recurrent intense sexual arousal from cross-dressing (fantasies, urges, or behaviors) for over 6 months
causes significant distress or impairment
specify, w/ fetishism (aroused by fabrics, materials, or garments, not associated w/ gender dysphoria) or w/ autogynephilia (aroused by thoughts or images of self as female, associated w/ gender dysphoria)
more typical in heterosexual men, begins in adolescence
gender dyphoria disorder
separate dx in children and adolescents/adults
marked difference between person’s expressed gender and the gender other would assign to him or her or they
over 6 months; significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas
2:1, more common in men
NOT about sexual orientation
what is needed to diagnose sex and gender DOs besides deviant or dangerous fantasies and behaviors?
dysfunction
spectator role theory of sexual dysfunction
dissociating when sex is happening due to concerns about performance
most commonly associated with disorders of excitement and disorders of orgasm
who researched and created the first approach to sex therapy?
William Masters and Virginia Johnson in 1970 (Human Sexual Inadequacy)
common treatments for specific sexual dysfunction DOs
focus on specific sexual problems with common steps:
relationship factors (poor communication and discrepancy)
individual vulnerability factors (poor body image, sexual abuse)
cultural/religious factors (prohibitions, attitudes)
medical factors (in both self and partner)
paraphilia
intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve:
anomalous activity preferences (courtship disorders, algolagnic - pain and suffering)
anomalous target preferences (other humans, nonhumans)
unusual persistent sexual interest that does not count as a mental disorder (most require distress for diagnosis)
Goffman’s frame theory
those into S&M are playing out roles sexually
S&M isn’t considered a Do until the rules are broken
what specification of pedophilic disorder is easier to treat/control?
non-exclusive, those attracted to children and adults
Hirshfield’s partial attraction theory
attraction is the product of the interaction with many individual factors
it is normal to express healthy fetishism, but it becomes abnormal when one is aroused by only one thing
most effective treatment for paraphilia
chemical castration
controversial because it stops arousal for everything using antiandrogens and has bad side effects
steps in treating gender dysphoria with sexual reassignment surgery in the united states
psychological evaluation
hormone therapy
real life experience
gender confirming surgery
why should people wait or not until 18 years of age until gender reassignment surgery?
wait:
many children w/ gender dysphoria grow out of it
children do not understand consequences of decision
children unable to deal w/ stress from surgery
if done before puberty, hard to turn back
do not wait:
young adolescents who underwent surgery had no post operate regrets + good social and psychological functioning
young adults who didn’t do surgery had greater social and psychological dysfunction
adults who did surgery later in life had more post operate regrets because it is easier to appear like the gender they want when done prepuberty (before secondary characteristics like adam’s apple appears)
