Exam 2 Vocabulary Flashcards
malingering
when false symptoms are reported for the purpose of material or other explicit benefit
primary gain
the reward associated with keeping internal conflicts out of conscious awareness
secondary gain
the reward associated with avoiding unpleasant activities or receiving sympathy
synergistic effects
how a drug’s result is enhanced or otherwise altered when you take multiple substances
cross tolerance
resistance to a drug through continued use of another drug with similar pharmacological action
antagonist drug
drugs that block the effects of a substance to help reduce dependence on that substance
withdrawal
feelings of discomfort, distress, and craving for a substance when use of the substance is stopped
telescoping
the phenomenon where women experience negative effects of substance use more rapidly than men
contingency management
systematic use of reinforcement in which a person is rewarded for adherence to treatment
reward-deficiency syndrome
the perspective that people abuse drugs because their brains are less capable of producing pleasure from normative reward behaviors, such as eating and sex
incentive-sensitization theory
the perspective that a drug will stimulate neurobehavioral systems at a greater intensity than in the past, providing increased pleasure from the use of the drug
learned helplessness
the phenomenon where a person perceived a lack of control over receiving reinforcements
anhedonia
the lack of pleasure or interest in doing life activities that is associated with severe depression
somatization
the communication of psychological distress through physical symptoms
