Lecture 10 Flashcards
Personality Disorders
paranoid personality disorder
deep distrust and suspicion –> cold and distant
critical of weakness and fault in others but cannot take criticism or blame and bear grudges
schizoid personality disorder
persistent avoidance of social relationships and limited emotional expression
focus mainly on self
viewed as flat, cold, humorless, dull
“happy hermit” - happy with the way they are
schizotypal personality disorder
extreme discomfort in close relationships
odd ways of thinking and behavioral eccentricities
physiological similarities to schizophrenia (“schizophrenia-light”)
avoidant personality disorder
very uncomfortable and inhibited in social relationships with few close friends
feel unappealing or inferior
“unhappy hermit” - do not want to be alone but experience extreme discomfort if they are not
avoidant PLY: fear close social relationships
social phobia: fear social circumstances
dependent personality disorder
pervasive, excessive need to be taken care of
clinging and obedient; feel distressed, lonely, and sad
cannot make smallest decisions for themselves
difficulty w/ separation
high risk for depression, anxiety, eating disorders, suicidal thoughts
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
preoccupied with order, perfection, and control
unreasonably high standards and trouble expressing affection
rigid and stubborn
relationships stiff and superficial
white, educated, married, employed
rarely seek treatment
OCD: compulsions and obsessions
OCPD: perfection and control
histrionic personality disorder
extremely emotional and continually seek to be center of attention; need approval and praise
vain, self-centered, demanding
parasuicide attempts to manipulate
“the actor”
can be viewed as exaggeration of femininity
narcissistic personality disorder
grandiose, need admiration, feel no empathy with others
narcissistic wound (aggressive reaction to criticism is likely a reflection of low self-esteem)
typical behavior for adolescents
antisocial personality disorder
psychopaths or sociopaths
persistently disregard and violate others’ rights
lie repeatedly, be reckless and impulsive, cruel, sadistic, aggressive, violent
most strongly linked to adult criminal behavior
manipulating and hurting other people
borderline personality disorder
instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, affects, and marked impulsivity
5 or more symptoms (frantic efforts to avoid abandonment, unstable and intense relationships, identity disturbance, impulsivity, suicidal behavior, affective instability, chronic feelings of emptiness, intense anger, paranoid ideation)
common diagnostic problems with a categorical approach to PLY DOs
similarity of disorders (rely on impressions of clinicians; different clinicians can give different dx; reliability and validity concern)
disorder is diagnosed as present or not
diagnoses can easily be overdone
according to DSM, personality disorders must “deviate markedly from the expectations of a person’s culture” but little multicultural research
pathological traits of alternative dimensional model to PLY DOs
negative affect
detachment
antagonism
disinhibition
psychoticism
odd cluster
extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal and isolation, peculiar ways of thinking
rarely seek treatment (egosyntonic, consistent w/ sense of self and DO is a good thing about self)
paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal - “schizophrenia spectrum DOs”
anxious
symptoms similar to anxiety and mood DOs
treatment outcomes better than for other PLY DOs
avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive personality
dramatic
interpersonal relationships very hard
more commonly diagnosed now
egosyntonic
histrionic, narcissism, antisocial, borderline personality
