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Bisc 414 > Lecture 11 > Flashcards

Lecture 11 Flashcards

1
Q

General Follicle Features

A
  1. High endothelial venules
  2. B-Cells concentrated in nodules
  3. Germinal centers can form
  4. T-Cells in surrounding area
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2
Q

Specialized Feature: M Cells

A

Specialized epithelium that overlies the lymphoid nodules
** Pocket **

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3
Q

Structural Features of M Cells

A
  1. Apical membrane lacks dense microvilli
  2. Basolateral membrane forms a pocket
  3. Leukocytes reside within the pocket
  4. Antigens are transcytosed from the lumen into the pocket
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4
Q

Foreign Antigen Surveillance

A
  1. Antigens are transcytosed in the pocket
  2. B-cells can see concentrated antigens
  3. Antigens are processed by dendritic cells for presentations T lymphocytes
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5
Q

Foreign Antigen Surveillance

A
  1. B-TH antigens complex transforms B cells into plasma cells
  2. Plasma cells secrete IgA antibodies
  3. IgA are transcytosed into the lumen by neighboring epithelial cells
  4. IgA binds antigen int the lumen
  5. IgA binds to apical membrane of M Cells to promote antigen sampling
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6
Q

M-Cells

A

Initiate ‘preventive’ immunology

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7
Q

Local Plasma Cells

A
  1. Secrete IgA
  2. Enterocytes transcytose IgA
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8
Q

TC-Cells

A

Can take up residence within the epithelial layer

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9
Q

Extravasation

A

Regulated exodus of leukocytes from the vasculature

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10
Q

Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

A
  1. IL-1
  2. IL-6
  3. TNFa
    vasodilation, vascular permeability
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11
Q

Chemokines

A

IL-8
neutrophil recruitment

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12
Q

Rolling and extravasation

A
  1. Rolling
  2. Activation
  3. Arrest/adhesion
  4. Transedothelial migration: diapedesis
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13
Q

Selectins

A

Membrane glycoproteins with a lectin-like domain bind specific glycosylate mucin-like proteins

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14
Q

L-Selectin

A

Present on most circulating leukocytes (asst in rolling) family members bind mucin-like CAMS on endothelia

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15
Q

P-Selectin

A

Inserted on endothelial cells during inflammation promotes the leukocyte adhesion (slow rolling)

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16
Q

E-Selecting

A

Expressed on endothelial cells during inflammation promotes the leukocyte adhesion (slow rolling)

17
Q

Mucin-Like CAMS

A
  1. Heavily glycosylated, serine and threonine-rich proteins
  2. Binds selectins
18
Q

Mucin-Like CAMS

A

Sequesters lymphocytes

19
Q

Rolling

A

Mediated by selectins binding to mucin-like CAMS
1. Fairly modest adhesion strength
2. Strong enough to have leukocytes - roll along the endothelial surface

20
Q

Rolling (During Inflammation)

A
  1. Cytokines increase abundance of P- and E- selectin on endothelial cells
  2. Further slows the rate of rolling
21
Q

P-Selectins

A

Reserve pool; rapid

22
Q

E-Selectins

A

De novo synthesis; slow (long term)

23
Q

Activation

A
  1. Activated endothelial cells present chemokines on luminal surface
  2. Chemokine binding selects the type of leukocyte that migrate
    ** stop and adhere to surface **
24
Q

Activation

A

Specific chemokines confer specificity of leukocytes being recruited

25
Q

Neutrophils

A

IL-8

26
Q

Monocytes

A

MCP-1

27
Q

T-Cells

A

CCL-21
CCL-19
CXCL12

28
Q

B-Cells

A

CXCL13

29
Q

Integrins

A
  1. Heterodimeric proteins: a- and b- chains
  2. Large Family of Cell adhesion molecules
  3. B2-Integrin: Leukocyte specific integrin
30
Q

LFA-1

A

aLb2-integrin; regulated adhesion affinity

31
Q

Ig Superfamily CAMS

A
  1. Ligands for b2-integrins
  2. Express a range of Ig-like domains
  3. Also capable of homotypic binding
32
Q

LFA-1 Activation

A
  1. Chemokine signals specific leukocytes
    a. Specific leukocytes activate LFA-1
    b. LFA-1:ICAM binding stops rolling
33
Q

Arrest-Adhesion

A
  1. Integrins convert to a high affinity conformation
    a. Strength of adhesion increases markedly
  2. Strengthened adhesion fully arrests the rolling leukocyte
34
Q

Migration

A
  1. Signaling changes to migratory phenotype
  2. Cells migrate up the chemokine gradient
35
Q

B-Lymphocytes

A

Follicular dendritic cells reside in the follicle
1. Follicular dendritic cells secrete ‘chemokine A’
2. B-cells express a receptor for ‘chemokine A’
3. B-cells migrate to the follicles

36
Q

T-Lymphocytes

A

Fibroblastic reticular cells reside in the paracortex
1. Fibroblastic reticular cells secrete ‘chemokine B’
2. T-cells express a receptor for ‘chemokine B’
3. T-cells migrate to the paracortex

Bisc 414 (21 decks)

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