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Bisc 414 > Exam 2- Review > Flashcards

Exam 2- Review Flashcards

1
Q

L-Selectin

A

present on most circulating leukocytes
a. mucin-like CAMS

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2
Q

P-Selectin

A

inserted on endothelial during inflammation
a. leukocyte adhesion; slow rolling
b. Weibel-Palade bodies
c. emergency response

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3
Q

E-Selectin

A

expressed on endothelial cells during inflammation
a. leukocyte adhesion; slow rolling
b. Slow; long term

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4
Q

Slow Roll

A

a. Specific infection site
b. Specific chemokine
c. Receptor binds to chemokine
d. LFA-1: binds to ICAM
i: stops rolling

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5
Q

B-Cells: FDCs

A

a. FDCs secrete ‘chemokine A’
b. B-cell: ‘chemokine A’ expression
c. B-cells migrate to follicles

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6
Q

T-Cells: FRCs

A

a. FRCs secrete ‘chemokine B’
b. T-cell: ‘chemokine B’ expression
c. T-cells migrate to paracortex

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7
Q

Macrophage

A

Released cytokines communicate:
a. Vasculature
b. Immune cells (Neutrophils)
c. HSCs

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8
Q

Dendritic Cells

A

Antigen-presentation and differn. to T-cells
a. IL12 & IFNg
b. IL4 & IL5
c. IL17 & IL2

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9
Q

TH Cells

A

a. TH1
b. TH2
c. TH17

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10
Q

TH1

A

a. Macrophage and TC cells
b. Cell-meditated
IL12 and IFNg

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11
Q

TH2

A

a. Activates B-Cells
b. Humoral Immune
IL4 and IL5

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12
Q

T17

A

a. Macrophage and Neutrophils
b. Inflammatory/ Innate
IL17 and IL2

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13
Q

Paracrine

A

Cell –> Nearby cell

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14
Q

Paracrine Example

A

Interferon signaling by virally-infected cells

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15
Q

Endocrine

A

Cell –> Circulation –> Distant Cell

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16
Q

Endocrine Example

A

a. Erythropoietin
b. GM-CSF
Goal: HSCs

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17
Q

Autocrine

A

Self signaling

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18
Q

Autocrine Example

A

IL-2 self signaling by TC cells
a. post DC activation

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19
Q

Contact Dependent

A

Cells require close contact
a. gap junctions

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20
Q

Contact Dependent Example

A

Sending cell –> Receiving cell

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21
Q

Interleukin-1 family

A

a. Early Inflammatory Response
b. Decoy receptors

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22
Q

Hematopoietic Family

A

a. Hematopoietic Development
b. B- and T- cell differentiation
c. Receptor subunit expression

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23
Q

Receptor Subunit Expression

A

Used to regulate activity

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24
Q

Abg-subunit

A

Physiologically active

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25
Interferon Family
Anti-viral response
26
Tumor Necrosis Family
a. Receptor trimerization b. Apoptosis
27
Chemokine Family
a. Extravasation b. Cell Migration
28
Epithelial Mucus Layer
Mucus may symbiotically harbor bacteriophage
29
Epithelial Mucus Layer: Steps
a. Epithelial cells make mucus b. Phage bind to sugars in mucus c. Protective layer is established d. Phage can infect and destroy susceptible bacteria
30
Psorasin
Skin secretion
31
Lysozyme
Cleaves peptidoglycan molecules in bacterial walls
32
E. Coli
a. Gram Neg. b. Less sensitivity
33
S. aureus
a. Gram Positive b. More sensitivity
34
Lysozyme: Effects on bacteria
a. Loss of structural support of plasma membrane b. Osmotic stresses c. Loss of physical barrier
35
B-Defensin
a. Integrates and disrupts membranes b. Forms pores in bacterial membranes
36
A-Defensin
a. Defend from pathogens b. Shape microbial c. Protect stem cells
37
Toll-Like Receptors
a. Leucine-Rich Domains b. TIR Domains c. TLRs can activate NF-kB and AP-1
38
Intracellular TLRs
can induce IFNs
39
C-Type Lectin Receptors
a. Induces phagocytosis b. Pro-inflammatory signal transductions
40
Retinoic Acid-Inducible I-like Receptor
a. Virus-specific motifs b. Antimicrobials c. Chemokines d. Pro-inflammatory cytokines
41
Nod-like Receptors
a. Activated by intracellular PAMPs b. Bacterial DAMPs c. Cytosolic
42
Inflammasomes
a. Heptamer b. Ligand bonding c. Nod receptors + Bound Pathogens
43
Inflammasomes: Steps
Activation: a. Pro-caspase b. IL-1b c. IL-18 d. Gasdermin
44
Apoptosis
a. Caspase activation b. bax/bak c. Nuclear Condensation
45
Pyroptosis
a. Caspase activation b. GSDMD c. Nuclear Condensation i. Cell Swelling ii. Membrane rupture d. Inflammatory Nature
46
Necroptosis
a. Mlkl b. Cell Swelling c. Membrane Rupture d. Inflammatory Nature
47
Classical Pathway
Antigen-Antibody Complex
48
Classical Pathway: Steps
a. C1=C1q +C1r + C1s b. C1q; binds Fc i. IgM > IgG; hinge region c. C1s cleaves C4 and C4b d. C1s cleaves C2 and C4bC2a i. C3 Convertase e. C3b i. C4bC2a + C3b = C5 Convertase
49
Lectin Pathway
a. MBL binds to MASP b. MBL grabs target i. MASP clips C3 ii. Forms C3b
50
Alternative Pathway
a. Spontaneous hydrolysis of C3 b. Factor B + C3b c. Factor D + Factor B d. C3bBb acts as C3 Convertase e. C3bBb + C3 = C5 Convertase C5b + C6 + C7 + C8 + C9 = MAC
51
All Pathways
a. Produce C3 Convertase b. Generation of C5 Convertase
52
Classical Pathway Components
a. C1 b. C4 c. C2
53
Lectin Pathway Components
a. MBL b. Ficolin 1 c. Ficolin 2 d. Ficolin 3
54
Activation Pathway Components
a. C3b b. Factor B c. Factor D d. Factor H e. Factor I
55
Membrane Co-factor Protein (MCP/CD46)
Accelerates clipping of C3b
56
Factor H
Prevent excessive alternate pathway activation
57
Factor I
Prevent excessive alternate pathway activation
58
Decay Accelerating Factor (DAF)
Accelerates destruction of C3 convertase a. C3bBb
59
Cell Surface Protein (Protectin) CD59
Prevents incoroporation of C9 into new MACs a. Inhibits formation of MAC
60
C1INH
Inhibits further activation of C4 and C2 a. Locks C3b production
61
Antigen binding sites
loops between beta strands with VL and VH domains
62
IgA
a. Class switching b. Hinge region c. Mucosal antibody
63
IgD
a. Alternative mRNA splicing b. Hinge region
64
IgE
a. Class switching b. Least abundant c. Primary responder parasites
65
IgG
a. Most abundant b. Class switching c. Crosses placenta d. Hinge region
66
IgM
a. First made to 'go' b. NO hinge region c. 10 potential binding sites
67
Iga/Igb
Signal Transduction a. B-Cell receptor b. Antigen binding
68
Alternative mRNA splicing
conversion from a membrane-bound BCR to a soluble antibody
69
Susumu Tonegawa demonstrated that
a. Antibodies have more than one protein b. Germ-line; Different c. Plasma Cell; Same d. >> Diversity; V-J
70
Recombination Signal Sequence
a. Conserved DNA sequence motifs i. enzymes; target sites; DNA recombination b. Well conserved heptamer and nonamer c. Less well-conserved spacer d. 12 or 23 bp
71
RAG1/RAG2
a. Initiates recombination - nicks DNA b. RAG1: complex with RSS c. RAG2: stabilizes RSS
72
VH vs. VL
a. Recombination among various V regions i. Diverse antibody combining b. VH: same direction i. Same as constant region

Bisc 414 (21 decks)

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