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Bisc 414 > Exam 2- Review > Flashcards

Exam 2- Review Flashcards

1
Q

L-Selectin

A

present on most circulating leukocytes
a. mucin-like CAMS

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2
Q

P-Selectin

A

inserted on endothelial during inflammation
a. leukocyte adhesion; slow rolling
b. Weibel-Palade bodies
c. emergency response

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3
Q

E-Selectin

A

expressed on endothelial cells during inflammation
a. leukocyte adhesion; slow rolling
b. Slow; long term

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4
Q

Slow Roll

A

a. Specific infection site
b. Specific chemokine
c. Receptor binds to chemokine
d. LFA-1: binds to ICAM
i: stops rolling

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5
Q

B-Cells: FDCs

A

a. FDCs secrete ‘chemokine A’
b. B-cell: ‘chemokine A’ expression
c. B-cells migrate to follicles

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6
Q

T-Cells: FRCs

A

a. FRCs secrete ‘chemokine B’
b. T-cell: ‘chemokine B’ expression
c. T-cells migrate to paracortex

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7
Q

Macrophage

A

Released cytokines communicate:
a. Vasculature
b. Immune cells (Neutrophils)
c. HSCs

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8
Q

Dendritic Cells

A

Antigen-presentation and differn. to T-cells
a. IL12 & IFNg
b. IL4 & IL5
c. IL17 & IL2

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9
Q

TH Cells

A

a. TH1
b. TH2
c. TH17

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10
Q

TH1

A

a. Macrophage and TC cells
b. Cell-meditated
IL12 and IFNg

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11
Q

TH2

A

a. Activates B-Cells
b. Humoral Immune
IL4 and IL5

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12
Q

T17

A

a. Macrophage and Neutrophils
b. Inflammatory/ Innate
IL17 and IL2

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13
Q

Paracrine

A

Cell –> Nearby cell

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14
Q

Paracrine Example

A

Interferon signaling by virally-infected cells

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15
Q

Endocrine

A

Cell –> Circulation –> Distant Cell

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16
Q

Endocrine Example

A

a. Erythropoietin
b. GM-CSF
Goal: HSCs

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17
Q

Autocrine

A

Self signaling

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18
Q

Autocrine Example

A

IL-2 self signaling by TC cells
a. post DC activation

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19
Q

Contact Dependent

A

Cells require close contact
a. gap junctions

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20
Q

Contact Dependent Example

A

Sending cell –> Receiving cell

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21
Q

Interleukin-1 family

A

a. Early Inflammatory Response
b. Decoy receptors

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22
Q

Hematopoietic Family

A

a. Hematopoietic Development
b. B- and T- cell differentiation
c. Receptor subunit expression

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23
Q

Receptor Subunit Expression

A

Used to regulate activity

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24
Q

Abg-subunit

A

Physiologically active

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25
Q

Interferon Family

A

Anti-viral response

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26
Q

Tumor Necrosis Family

A

a. Receptor trimerization
b. Apoptosis

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27
Q

Chemokine Family

A

a. Extravasation
b. Cell Migration

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28
Q

Epithelial Mucus Layer

A

Mucus may symbiotically harbor bacteriophage

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29
Q

Epithelial Mucus Layer: Steps

A

a. Epithelial cells make mucus
b. Phage bind to sugars in mucus
c. Protective layer is established
d. Phage can infect and destroy susceptible bacteria

30
Q

Psorasin

A

Skin secretion

31
Q

Lysozyme

A

Cleaves peptidoglycan molecules in bacterial walls

32
Q

E. Coli

A

a. Gram Neg.
b. Less sensitivity

33
Q

S. aureus

A

a. Gram Positive
b. More sensitivity

34
Q

Lysozyme: Effects on bacteria

A

a. Loss of structural support of plasma membrane
b. Osmotic stresses
c. Loss of physical barrier

35
Q

B-Defensin

A

a. Integrates and disrupts membranes
b. Forms pores in bacterial membranes

36
Q

A-Defensin

A

a. Defend from pathogens
b. Shape microbial
c. Protect stem cells

37
Q

Toll-Like Receptors

A

a. Leucine-Rich Domains
b. TIR Domains
c. TLRs can activate NF-kB and AP-1

38
Q

Intracellular TLRs

A

can induce IFNs

39
Q

C-Type Lectin Receptors

A

a. Induces phagocytosis
b. Pro-inflammatory signal transductions

40
Q

Retinoic Acid-Inducible I-like Receptor

A

a. Virus-specific motifs
b. Antimicrobials
c. Chemokines
d. Pro-inflammatory cytokines

41
Q

Nod-like Receptors

A

a. Activated by intracellular PAMPs
b. Bacterial DAMPs
c. Cytosolic

42
Q

Inflammasomes

A

a. Heptamer
b. Ligand bonding
c. Nod receptors + Bound Pathogens

43
Q

Inflammasomes: Steps

A

Activation:
a. Pro-caspase
b. IL-1b
c. IL-18
d. Gasdermin

44
Q

Apoptosis

A

a. Caspase activation
b. bax/bak
c. Nuclear Condensation

45
Q

Pyroptosis

A

a. Caspase activation
b. GSDMD
c. Nuclear Condensation
i. Cell Swelling
ii. Membrane rupture
d. Inflammatory Nature

46
Q

Necroptosis

A

a. Mlkl
b. Cell Swelling
c. Membrane Rupture
d. Inflammatory Nature

47
Q

Classical Pathway

A

Antigen-Antibody Complex

48
Q

Classical Pathway: Steps

A

a. C1=C1q +C1r + C1s
b. C1q; binds Fc
i. IgM > IgG; hinge region
c. C1s cleaves C4 and C4b
d. C1s cleaves C2 and C4bC2a
i. C3 Convertase
e. C3b
i. C4bC2a + C3b = C5 Convertase

49
Q

Lectin Pathway

A

a. MBL binds to MASP
b. MBL grabs target
i. MASP clips C3
ii. Forms C3b

50
Q

Alternative Pathway

A

a. Spontaneous hydrolysis of C3
b. Factor B + C3b
c. Factor D + Factor B
d. C3bBb acts as C3 Convertase
e. C3bBb + C3 = C5 Convertase
C5b + C6 + C7 + C8 + C9 = MAC

51
Q

All Pathways

A

a. Produce C3 Convertase
b. Generation of C5 Convertase

52
Q

Classical Pathway Components

A

a. C1
b. C4
c. C2

53
Q

Lectin Pathway Components

A

a. MBL
b. Ficolin 1
c. Ficolin 2
d. Ficolin 3

54
Q

Activation Pathway Components

A

a. C3b
b. Factor B
c. Factor D
d. Factor H
e. Factor I

55
Q

Membrane Co-factor Protein (MCP/CD46)

A

Accelerates clipping of C3b

56
Q

Factor H

A

Prevent excessive alternate pathway activation

57
Q

Factor I

A

Prevent excessive alternate pathway activation

58
Q

Decay Accelerating Factor (DAF)

A

Accelerates destruction of C3 convertase
a. C3bBb

59
Q

Cell Surface Protein (Protectin) CD59

A

Prevents incoroporation of C9 into new MACs
a. Inhibits formation of MAC

60
Q

C1INH

A

Inhibits further activation of C4 and C2
a. Locks C3b production

61
Q

Antigen binding sites

A

loops between beta strands with VL and VH domains

62
Q

IgA

A

a. Class switching
b. Hinge region
c. Mucosal antibody

63
Q

IgD

A

a. Alternative mRNA splicing
b. Hinge region

64
Q

IgE

A

a. Class switching
b. Least abundant
c. Primary responder parasites

65
Q

IgG

A

a. Most abundant
b. Class switching
c. Crosses placenta
d. Hinge region

66
Q

IgM

A

a. First made to ‘go’
b. NO hinge region
c. 10 potential binding sites

67
Q

Iga/Igb

A

Signal Transduction
a. B-Cell receptor
b. Antigen binding

68
Q

Alternative mRNA splicing

A

conversion from a membrane-bound BCR to a soluble antibody

69
Q

Susumu Tonegawa demonstrated that

A

a. Antibodies have more than one protein
b. Germ-line; Different
c. Plasma Cell; Same
d.&raquo_space; Diversity; V-J

70
Q

Recombination Signal Sequence

A

a. Conserved DNA sequence motifs
i. enzymes; target sites; DNA recombination
b. Well conserved heptamer and nonamer
c. Less well-conserved spacer
d. 12 or 23 bp

71
Q

RAG1/RAG2

A

a. Initiates recombination - nicks DNA
b. RAG1: complex with RSS
c. RAG2: stabilizes RSS

72
Q

VH vs. VL

A

a. Recombination among various V regions
i. Diverse antibody combining
b. VH: same direction
i. Same as constant region

Bisc 414 (21 decks)

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