Lecture 1 - Part 2

Question 1

This is the most visible part of rice grain. It is composed of palea and lemma. There are two leaves of the spikelet or the rice flower covering the ventral part of the seed (palea) and the dorsal portion (lemma). Usually the lemma is larger than the palea. The husk has a relatively high silica content.

Answer 1

Husk

Question 2

The husk heating value ranges from ?

Answer 2

12000 to 15000 kj/kg

Question 3

these are glass like spines covering the husk. The presence of trichomes makes the husk abrasive and very hard, giving the grain a good protection against insects, microorganism, moisture and gases

Answer 3

Trichomes

Question 4

this can be found at the upper end of the two hull sections ( palea and lemma). Awn can be a protection of the grain especially the long ones since some species of birds would prefer rice grains with shorter awns.

Answer 4

Awn

Question 5

At the lower part, the grain is fixed on the panicle with a tiny leaf-shaped called

Answer 5

Sterile lemma (glumes) and then rachilla

Question 6

The rice grain is composed of main three parts:

Answer 6

Rice envelope made of glumes
(large portions above the pedicels that link the spikelets to the secondary upshots)
two husks called palea (upper husk with three veins and lemma (lower husk with 5 veins)

Question 7

this is the part of the grain attached to the panicle

Answer 7

Pedicel

Question 8

also known as silverskin owing to its silver gray color. It is the thin fibrous and translucent layer that can be seen after the removal of the hull.
Its main function is to serve as an additional protective layer against molds and quality deterioration through oxidation and enzymes due to the movement of gases into the grains environment. It consists of three layers – epicarp, mesocarp, cross layer.

Answer 8

Pericarp

Question 9

it is the outermost layer of pericarp that consists of rectangular-shaped cells with thick walls. No starch grains were observed

Answer 9

epicarp

Question 10

It is locater underneath the epicarp, has seven to eight layers of cells and is characterized by starch grain accumulation.

Answer 10

mesocarp

Question 11

grain development

Answer 11

caryopsis

Question 12

It is often called as the aleurone layer (this is where the protein is being stored). It has very low starch content but has a high percentage of oil, protein, vitamins and minerals.

Answer 12

Bran

Question 13

This is the living organism in the grain which develops into a new plant. This respires by taking oxygen in the air, consume food which comes from the starch in grain itself while simultaneously releasing heat and moisture.

Answer 13

Embryo

Question 14

This is the resulting part of the rice grain after the husk, pericarp, bran and embryo are removed. It consists mainly of starch and a very small concentration of nutrients like protein, oil, vitamins and minerals which are present in the bran layer.

Answer 14

Endosperm

Question 15

What are the type of paddy-classified according to the length of the whole brown rice grain

Answer 15

Extra long
long
medium
short

Question 16

80 percent of the whole brown rice kernels have a length of 7.5 mm or more

Answer 16

Extra-long

Question 17

80 percent of whole brown rice kernels have a length of 6.5 mm or more but shorter than 7.5 mm

Answer 17

Long

Question 18

80 percent of the whole brown rice kernels have a length between 5.5 mm to 6.5 mm

Answer 18

Medium

Question 19

80 percent of the whole brown rice kernels have shorter than 5.5 mm

Answer 19

Short

Question 20

What are the sub-type of paddy

Answer 20

Slender
Bold
Round

Question 21

this refers to the ratio and length of whole brown rice kernels

Answer 21

sub-type of paddy

Question 22

is milled rice particle with a length of 6/8 or more of the length of the whole unbroken milled rice kernel.

Answer 22

Head rice

Question 23

is a milled rice with a length of 3/9 or more but shorter than 6/8 of the length of the whole unbroken milled rice kernel.

Answer 23

Large Broken

Question 24

is a milled rice particle which will not pass through a perforated sieve with a round perforation of 1.4 mm but the length of the grain is shorter than 3/8 of the whole unbroken milled rice kernel.

Answer 24

Small brokens

Question 25

is a milled rice particle which will pass through a sieve with a round perforation of 1.4 mm.

Answer 25

Brewer’s rice

Question 26

For rice, losses from harvesting to storage average at ( ) with a range of 1.13 to 31.94%.

Answer 26

14.85%

Question 27

For corn, the total losses ranged from 3.7% to 25% with an average of ?

Answer 27

12.7%

Question 28

average postharvest loss for vegetables is ?

Answer 28

42%

Question 29

average postharvest loss for fruits is ?

Answer 29

28%