Lecture 1 Flashcards
is a reference to the amount of moisture present in a material
Moisture content (MC)
isthe presence of a liquid, especially water, often in trace amounts. Moisture is defined as water in the adsorbed of absorbed phase.
Moisture
the art of measuring the moisture content of air
Psychrometry
is the ambient air temperature that is measured by regular thermometers
The dry bulb temperature
is measured by thermometers that are wrapped in wetted wicks.
The wet bulb temperature
is a measure of the water vapor content of air.
Relative Humidity (RH)
isthe removal of unwanted heat from a selected object, substance, or space and its transfer to another object, substance, or space.
Refrigeration or cooling process
(sometimes called “refrigerated warehouses“) aredesigned for preserving the integrity and shelf life of products that don’t need to be frozen.
Cold storage facilities
It is defined as any processing activity that is or can be done on the farm or by local enterprises in which the farmer has an active interest.
Agricultural processing
It is the general term applied to the handling of crops, whether used for food or other purposes such as seeds, fiber, botanical pesticides and the like, from harvest up to the time they reach the final consumer. It is subdivided into two: primary and secondary processing.
Postproduction
Any activity that involves the handling of crops to make them more suitable to manufacturers, processors or consumers and can still be changed into other forms. The original plant part can still be recognized. It includes raw material handling and minimal processing.
Primary Processing
the postharvest handling of fruits and vegetables specifically intended for food processing, and of florist crops for making dried art forms.
Raw material handling
is the postharvest handling of fruits and vegetables that have been peeled, sliced, cut and packaged in a form that is ready to cook or to eat uncooked.
Minimal processing
A postproduction activity that involve conversion of harvested crops into stable products that can no longer be changed into other forms.
Secondary Processing
Secondary processing
It is also referred to as full processing
includes industrial processing (manufacture of chocolate powder, candies, instant coffee), production of medicinal products from plants (manufacture of antibiotics), and production of dried plant arts (production of art forms from dried plant parts).
Secondary Processing
These are crops having very high moisture content (MC) ranging from 75 90%, hence do not last for more than a week under ordinary conditions. Example of perishable crops: fruits, vegetables, florist crops, florist greens, young coconut, herbs, roots and bulb crops (slightly perishable crops)
Perishables
These are crops whose MC can be brought down to a low level (14%), thus the crops could last for a year. Example of durables: cereals and grains
Durables
Enumerate the importance of AB Processing
- It encompasses a range of activities, including sorting, grading, packaging, preserving, and transforming raw materials into finished products.
- It enhances agricultural productivity and
- increases farm household incomes,
- promotes year-round availability of affordable safe and nutritious food (extends their shelf life),
- and creates jobs.
- It also adds value to agricultural commodities (improves their marketability)
- and opens doors to domestic and international markets.
What are the trends in AB Processing?
- Palay Drying
- Manual Rice Reaping
- Threshing
- Rice reaper
- Combine harvester
What are the three harvesting systems?
Traditional
Semi-mechanical
Combine harvesting
Give the activities under traditional
manual reaping
manual threshing
Give the activities under semi-mechanical
manual reaping + threshing by machine
manual threshing + reaping by machine
stripper harvesting + threshing by machine
Give the activities under combine harvesting
small rice combine
mini combine
large combine
Enumerate materials or equipment that can be use in processing
oven dryer
Shega grain moisture meter
grain probe type moisture meter (Buriki)
PAES 201:2000
Agricultural machinery – Heated air mechanical grain dryer – Specifications
PNS/PAES 202:2015 (PAES published 2015)
Agricultural machinery – Heated air mechanical grain dryer – Methods of test
PAES 203:2000
Moisture Content Determination for Rice and Corn
PAES 204:2000
Agricultural Machinery – Mechanical Rice Thresher – Specifications
PNS/PAES 205:2015 (PAES published 2015)
Agricultural machinery – Mechanical rice thresher – Methods of test
PNS/PAES 206:2015 (PAES published 2015)
Agricultural machinery – Rice mill – Specifications
PNS/PAES 207:2015 (PAES published 2015)
Agricultural machinery – Rice mill – Methods of test
PAES 208:2000
Agricultural Machinery – Power-Operated Corn Sheller – Specifications
PAES 209:2000
Agricultural Machinery – Power-Operated Corn Sheller – Methods of Tests
PAES 210:2000
Agricultural Machinery – Corn Mill – Specifications
PAES 211:2000
Agricultural Machinery – Corn Mill – Methods of Tests
