lecture 1 anatomical terms gait cycle

Question 1

hip and knee movements

Answer 1

flexion and extension- mediolateral axis saggital plane
abduction adduction- anteroposterior axis coronal plane
internal and external rotation-longitudinal axis of thigh and horizontal plane

Question 2

ankle movement

Answer 2

plantarflexion and dorsiflexion- oblique mediolateral axis and oblique saggital plane

Question 3

Relationship of GRF to the major joints:

Answer 3

To the hip joint: slightly posterior
To the knee joint: slightly anterior
To the ankle joint: about 2 inches anterior to the ankle
it comes up the foot between the heel and ball of the foot

Question 4

GRF will tend to

Answer 4

hyperextend the hip-limited by iliofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments
hyperextend knee-limited by intrascpular and extrascapular ligaments
dorsiflex ankle limited by active plantar flexors

Question 5

patient loses ability to dorsiflex(extend) ankle

Answer 5

high steppage gait
knee lifted high 
toe strike
muscle atrophy
toe of shoe is worn

Question 6

GRF at midstance

Answer 6

one limb off ground
hip abductors prevent pelvis from sagging on swinging side
knee extensors active
plantarflexors stabilize ankle

Question 7

patient loses hip abductors

Answer 7

the individual’s pelvis will tilt during midstance/swing phase
trendelenburg gait
compensation by shifting trunk to affected side during midstance

Question 8

GRF at toe off

Answer 8

need hip flexors, knee extensors, ankle plantarflexors

because GRF is post to hip and knee and ant to ankle

Question 9

Apropulsive or Calcaneus Gait

Answer 9

weakness of ankle plantarflexors
no toe off, whole foot comes up at once
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