lec 9 femur & patella Flashcards
what is longest and strongest bone in human body
femur
four epiphyses of femur
greater trochanter
lesser trochanter
femoral head
one at distal end
What is the angle of obliquity?
10-15 degrees
Greater in females than in males
Angle between the shaft of the femur and the line of gravity
What is the angle of inclination?
Mean is 126 degrees
Angle between the head & neck of femur and the shaft
less in females
What angle denotes Coxa vara?
<120 produces stress on femoral neck
What angle denotes Coxa vara?
> 135results in increased joint pressure
What is the Q angle?
measured between a line from ASIS to middle of patella
Angles range from 10-14 formales and 15-17 for females
small q angle is genu __
varum because stress at medial side of knee
large q angle is genu __
valgum
How do you side a femur?
Hold the femur in front of you against the smooth side of shaft against your fingers and side the vertical ridge against your thumb.
what is linear aspera
line down the femur positioned posteriorly
femoral head is covered with
hyaline cartilage except in fovea
What is another name for the angle of torsion?
angle of declination
Where does the anterior side of the femoral neck join the shaft?
At the intertrochanteric line
What three structures contribute to the linea aspera?
Medial lip (pectineal line and spiral line) Lateral lip (gluteal tuberosity)
How does the linea aspera terminate?
Medial supracondylar ridge ends at adductor tubercle
What is the surface located between the medial and lateral supracondylar ridges?
popliteal surface
what is the raised area of superior aspect of intertrochanteric line
tubercle of femur
where does posterior side of femoral neck join shaft
at intertrochanteric crest
superiorly where does femoral neck end
greater trochanter
inferiorly where does femoral neck end
lesser trochanter
intertrochanteric line turns posteriorly to become
spiral line
raised area prominence at midpoint of intertrochanteric crest
quadrate tubercle
greater trochanter has _ surfaces
medial (concave w/trochanteric fossa)
lateral(conex w/ridge line)
lesser trochanter sits ___ end of intertrochanteric crest and ___ to pectineal line
inferior
superior
what contributes to medial lip of linea aspera
pectineal line
spiral line
what contributes to lateral lip of linea aspera
gluteal tuberosity
where is nutrient foramen on linea aspera
midpoint
medial and lateral edges become what
medial and lateral supracondylar ridges
where does medial supracondylar ridge end
adductor tubercle
what is between medial lateral supracondylar ridges
popliteal surface
medial condyle projects more ___ in vertical position
inferiorly
long axis of lateral condyle more
anterrioly=posteriorly
long axis of medial condyle if more
posteriomedialy
femoral condyles meet ___ at the ___
anteriorly
patellar articular surface
grooves on inferior surface of condyles
meniscal grooves
pit-like feature on side of lateral condyle
popliteal groove
What does trabecula mean?
beam or supporting fibers of a structure
how are trabeculae arranged
along the lines of greatest compression or stress, to resist the loads placed on the femoral head and neck.
pressure lamellae resist
compression forces on head of femur by body weight transfer
tension lamellae resist
tensile forces due to gluteal muscles on neck of femur
lamella are
mature bone with regularly arranged collagen fibers
calcar femorale is
plate of bone running from shaft and neck of femur to greater trochanter
reinforcing structure
What is Ward’s triangle?
internal femoral triangle
Inherently weak area between the tension and pressure lamellae
What is the order that the secondary ossification centers appear?
"Lets go to Havana Cuba" Lesser T Greater T 4 years Head Condyles
what kind of bone is patella
sesamoid
describe anterior surface of patella
rough with vascular foramina
describe posterior surface of patella
large superior articular area divided by vertical ridge
larger of two patella facets
lateral
