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LEA > lec 3 bone and joint basics > Flashcards

lec 3 bone and joint basics Flashcards

1
Q

modes of loading

A

tension compression bending shear torsion combine

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2
Q

shape categories of bone

A

irregular, flat, long, sesamoid, short

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3
Q

epiphysis

A

ends of long bone

only one in short bone

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4
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of long bone

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5
Q

metaphysis

A

expanded flared end of shaft of long bone

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6
Q

medullary cavity

A

tube like area deficient of bone and filled with marrow

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7
Q

epiphyseal/growth plate

A

layer of cartilage that separates epiphysis and diaphysis

once growth stops its replaced by epiphyseal line

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8
Q

types of joints

A

synovial

nonsynovial- fibrous and cartiaginous

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9
Q

ends of bone covered in

A

hyaline cartilage

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10
Q

joint capsule made of

A

inner synovial membrane and outer fibrous membrane

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11
Q

synovial membrane

A

attaches at edges of articular surfaces
highly vascularized
secreted synovial fluid

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12
Q

fibrous membrane

A

provides integrity to joint

can thicken on outside to produce ligaments aiding in reinforcement

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13
Q

simple synovial joint

A

formed by 2 articular surfaces

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14
Q

compound synovial joint

A

formed by 3 or more articular surfaces ex:talus tibia fibula

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15
Q

complex synovial joint

A

possessing disc or meniscus ex: mandibular fossa, articular disc, mandibular condyle

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16
Q

composite synovial joint

A

combination of complex and compound

17
Q

articular disc

A 
made of fibrocartilage
improves articulation 
absorb compression forces 
adjust to changes in contours of joint surfaces during movements 
increase range of motion
18
Q

fibrous nonsynovial joints

A

bones joined by fibrous CT

ex: suture of skull, gomphosis, syndesmosis

19
Q

cartilaginous nonsynovial joint

A

hyaline cartilage covered bones
ex primary: cartilage of growth plate of a long bone in subadult

ex secondary: pubic symphosis

20
Q

translation

A

gliding motion in which bone slides on another &all points on moving object move same distance
nonaxial linear movement

21
Q

rotation

A

motion in which angles b/t bone change &not all points on moving object move same distance
movement on one or more axises
joint surfaces curved
common in synovial joints only

22
Q

intramembraneous ossification

A

certain flat bones

calcium directly deposited into mesenchymal precursor or model of bone

23
Q

endochondral ossification

A

most bons

calcium deposited into cartilageneous model (precursor to bone)

24
Q

stages of endochondral ossification

A

mesenchymal
cartilaginous(when joint forms)
osseous

25
Q

mesenchymal stage

A

cells of limb bud are mesenchymal(undifferentiated loose CT from mesoderm)

26
Q

cartilasginous stage/chondrification

A

mesenchymal cells begin to condense and differentiate into chondrocytes
chondrocytes form hyaline cartilage models that foreshadow the bones of extremities

27
Q

osseous stage

A

blood vessels enter cartilaginous model bringing forth osteoblasts/bone progenitors and isolating growth of chondrocytes to ends
chondrocytes near diaphysis under hypertrophy and then die, mineralizing surrounding matrix
osteroblasts bind to mineralized matrix and deposit bone matrices

28
Q

nonsynovial joint development

A

mesenchyme at the interzone differentiates into single layer of fibrocartilage

29
Q

valgus

A

distal aspect of free limb is bent or twisted outward away from midline of limb or body

30
Q

varus/varum

A

twisted toward midline

31
Q

hallux valgus

A

bunion

proximal phalynx of big toe deviated laterally to long axis of 1st metatarsal

32
Q

hallus varus

A

the long axis of proximal phalanx will be deviated medially relative to long axis of 1st metatarsal

LEA (12 decks)

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