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PSYC 2400 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Narrow definitions

A
  • Design certain aspects of the profession while ignoring other aspects
  • ex. Psychologists doing clinical work
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2
Q

Broad definitions

A
  • Inclusive of many profession aspects

- Considering human behaviour in relation to legal system

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3
Q

Weiner’s definition of forensic psychology (1997)

A

Issues arising out of the relationship between human behaviour and the law, legal system and legal process

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4
Q

Bartol and Bartol definition of forensic psychology (1987)

A
  • Research endeavor (to inform applied practice)

- A professional practice, or in consultation with a legal system and considers both civil and criminal law

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5
Q

Psychology and the law

A
  • Use of psychology to study the operation of the legal system
  • “Are eyewitnesses accurate”
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6
Q

Psychology in the law

A
  • Use of psychology within the legal system as it currently operates
  • Expert testimonies
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7
Q

Psychology of the law

A
  • Use of psychology to study the law itself

- “Is the death penalty a good deterrent”

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8
Q

Catel (1893)

A
  • Eyewitness testimony
  • 56 students questioned, answers often inaccurate
  • Found no relation to confidence and correctness
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9
Q

Binet (early 1900)

A
  • Suggestibility in children
  • Shown objects/images for short period of time, asked to write down what was seen
  • Asked misleading questions
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10
Q

Stern and Liszt (1910)

A
  • Classroom encounter scenario and recall

- Recall was worse when in emotional situations

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11
Q

Von Schrenck-Notzing (1896)

A
  • German expert witness
  • Testified about impact of extensive pre-trial press coverage
  • Retroactive memory falsification
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12
Q

Munsterberg (1908)

A
  • On witness stand
  • Psychology and the legal system
  • Resistance from legal scholars
  • Pushed psychology into legal arena
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13
Q

Year psychology came to NA prisons

A

1913

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14
Q

Year for psychological service for police and laboratories to conduct pre-trial assessments

A

1916

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15
Q

Year for tests for personnel selection

A

1917

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16
Q

Varendonck (1911)

A
  • Belgian murder trial
  • Children giving different evidence
  • Showed inaccurate recall in children
17
Q

Marston (1922)

A

First professor of legal psychology

18
Q

State vs driver (1921)

A

First court case where expert testimony is provided by a psychologist

19
Q

Jenkins vs USA (1962)

A

Court rules some psychologists are qualified to give expert testimony on the issues of mental disease

20
Q

People vs Hawthorne (1940)

A

Psychology expert status based on extent of knowledge and not medical degree

21
Q

Brown vs board of education (1954)

A
  • 1951 district refused to enroll black child into white school
  • Psychologists submitted brief outlining detrimental effects of segregation
22
Q

Benefits of becoming a distinct discipline

A
  • Increase in quality of books
  • Increase in academic journals
  • Increase in professional associations
  • Increase in degree programs
  • Training opportunities
  • Code of ethics
23
Q

Forensic psychologist as clinician

A
  • Assessment and treatment of offenders
  • Custody mediations
  • Providing expert testimonies
  • Personnel selection
24
Q

Forensic psychologist as researcher

A
  • Examining risk assessment strategies
  • Testing ways of conduction eyewitness lineups
  • Evaluating offender treatment programs
25
Q

Forensic psychologist as legal scholar

A
  • Engage in scholarly analysis of mental health law

- Policy analysis

26
Q

Functions of expert witness

A
  • Aid in understanding particular issue relevant to the case
  • Provide an opinion
  • This contrasts with regular witnesses who can only testify about what they directly observed
27
Q

Frye vs USA (1923)

A

Resulted in general acceptance test

28
Q

General acceptance test

A

Scientific evidence must be established that the procedure used to arrive at the testimony are generally accepted in the scientific community

29
Q

Daubert vs Merrall Dow, inc (1993)

A
  • Testimony is admissible if it is provided by qualified expert, relevant, and reliable
  • The criteria requires the research to be peer reviewed, testable, have a known error rate, and adhere to professional standards
30
Q

R vs Mohan (1994)

A

Testimony must be:

  • Relevant
  • Necessary to assist the trier of fact
  • Must not violate any rules of exclusion
  • Must be provided by a qualified expert
31
Q

Tatiana Tarasoff

A
  • Duty to warn/disclose
  • Must disclose information if harmful to themselves or someone else
  • Case of patient confessing to therapist his intentions to harm someone

PSYC 2400 (18 decks)

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