LEC5 - FIBRINOLYSIS

Question 1

the degradation of fibrin into monomers and polymers

Answer 1

fibrinolysis

Question 2

are building block of fibrin that are formed during the coagulation process when the thrombin cleaves fibrinogen (soluble plasma protein) into fibrin

Answer 2

monomers

Question 3

are large molecules composed of repeated subunits of monomers

Answer 3

polymers

Question 4

it is a system whereby the temporary fibrin clot is systematically and gradually dissolved as the vessel heals in order to restore normal blood blood

Answer 4

fibrinolysis

Question 5

it is the final stage of coagulation

Answer 5

fibrinolysis

Question 6

what are the 2 primary activator of plasminogen to start fibrinolysis

Answer 6

tissue plasminogen activator or tPA
and urokinase-type plasminogen activator

Question 7

is the systematic accelerating hydrolysis of fibrin bound by plasmin

Answer 7

fibrinolysis

Question 8

excessive fibrinolysis can cause ___ due to premature clot lysis before wound healing is established

Answer 8

bleeding

Question 9

plasminogen is produced by what organ

Answer 9

liver

Question 10

single chain protein with five glycosylated loops

Answer 10

kringles

Question 11

it enables plasminogen, with and UPA to bind fibrin lysine molecule during polymerization

Answer 11

kringles

Question 12

what are the 2 types of fibrinolysis

Answer 12

primary and secondary

Question 13

this type of fibrinolysis is a natural process wherein we dissolve clot to prevent excessive clotting and help the healing of the injury

Answer 13

primary fibrinolysis

Question 14

this type of fibrinolysis wherein there’s a dissolution of fibrin clot in response to certain condition

Answer 14

secondary fibrinolysis

Question 15

example of conditions wherein the secondary fibrinolysis are observed

Answer 15

disseminated intravascular coagulation
infection
neoplasm
snake bite
HTR

Question 16

a protein that digest fibrin or fibrinogen

Answer 16

plasminogen

Question 17

a serine proteases secreted by activated endothelium which activates plasminogen

Answer 17

TPA

Question 18

serine protease secreted by kidney and activates plasminogen

Answer 18

UPA - urokinase

Question 19

secreted by endothelium, inhibits tissue plasminogen activator

Answer 19

PAU 1 - plasminogen activator inhibitor 1

Question 20

inhibits plasmin

Answer 20

a2 - antiplasmin

Question 21

suppresses fibrinolysis by removing fibrin C terminal lysine binding sites

Answer 21

thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor

Question 22

an endogenous plasminogen activator wherein it hydrolyzes fibrin bound plasminogen converting it to plasmin thus initiating fibrinolysis

Answer 22

tissue plasminogen activator

Question 23

how many kringle sdo TPA has

Answer 23

with 2 glycosylated kringle regions which forms covalent lysine bonds with fibrin during

Question 24

how many kringle do UPA has

Answer 24

only one kringle and does not bind firmly to fibrin

Question 25

it is the plasma zymogen, inactivated form of plasmin

Answer 25

plasminogen

Question 26

major inhibitor of free plasmin

Answer 26

a2 antiplasmin

Question 27

it's a primary fast acting inhibitor of plasmin

Answer 27

a2 antiplasmin

Question 28

low concentration of a2 antiplasmin will lead to

Answer 28

bleeding

Question 29

a2 antiplasmin is present in plasma and ___

Answer 29

platelet

Question 30

a2 antiplasmin is synthesized in the

Answer 30

liver

Question 31

it inactivates the plasmin that is not inhibited by alpha 2 antiplasmin

Answer 31

a2 macroglobulin

Question 32

released by platelets, it inhibits activation o fibrin-bound plasminogen

Answer 32

thrombospondin

Question 33

incread PA1 will result to

Answer 33

myocardial infaction, stroke, and thrombosis

Question 34

prinsiple inhibitor of plasmininogen activation

Answer 34

PAU 1

Question 35

thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor is also known as

Answer 35

plasma procarboxypeptidase

Question 36

TIFA is produced in the

Answer 36

liver

Question 37

TIFA is activated by

Answer 37

thrombin-thrombomodulin complex

Question 38

it inhibits fibrinolysis by cleaving exposed carboxy-terminal lysine carboxy-terminal lysine residues from partially degraded fibrin, thereby preventing the binding of TPA and plasminogen to fibrin blocking the formation of plasmim

Answer 38

TIFA

Question 39

increased thrombin generation will cause what to TAFI

Answer 39

increase activation

Question 40

plasminogen is produced in what organ

Answer 40

liver

Question 41

plasminogen gene is located at what chromosome

Answer 41

chromosome 6 long arm q region band 26-q27 c6q26-q27

Question 42

plasma concentration of plasminogen is approximately

Answer 42

200 mg/l

Question 43

the most important protein in fibrinolysis is ___ and it's the only one that can degrade fibrin clot

Answer 43

plasmin

Question 44

plasmin produces __ which increase vascular permeability and interfere with thrombin-induced fibrin formation

Answer 44

fibrin degradation products

Question 45

aside from the FDP, what is the component of that plasmin produces as well that is related to FDP

Answer 45

D-dimer

Question 46

what labile factors do plasmin destroyed

Answer 46

labile factors and the IX and XI

Question 47

plasmin indirectly enhances the conversion of what factor

Answer 47

factor XII to factor XIIa

Question 48

it is a serine proteases that systematically digests fibrin polymer by the hydrolysis of arginine-related and lysine-related peptide bonds

Answer 48

plasmin

Question 49

it maintains the balance between the clot formation and the dissolution

Answer 49

plasmin

Question 50

plasmin cleaves fibrin and the fdp produced are

Answer 50

X,Y,D,E and D,-D

Question 51

Fragment X

Answer 51

central E domain with 2 D domains D-E-D

Question 52

fragment Y

Answer 52

E domain after cleavage of one D domain D-E

Question 53

a fragment that is composed of D2 D domains from separate fibrin molecules cross-lined by the action of factor XIIIa

Answer 53

D-dimer or D-D fragment

Question 54

it is the marker of thrombosis and the fibrinolysis

Answer 54

D-dimer

Question 55

D-Dimer elevated in cases of

Answer 55

thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation

Question 56

the process of degrading a native fibrinogen is called as

Answer 56

fibrinogenolysis