LEC5 - FIBRINOLYSIS Flashcards
the degradation of fibrin into monomers and polymers
fibrinolysis
are building block of fibrin that are formed during the coagulation process when the thrombin cleaves fibrinogen (soluble plasma protein) into fibrin
monomers
are large molecules composed of repeated subunits of monomers
polymers
it is a system whereby the temporary fibrin clot is systematically and gradually dissolved as the vessel heals in order to restore normal blood blood
fibrinolysis
it is the final stage of coagulation
fibrinolysis
what are the 2 primary activator of plasminogen to start fibrinolysis
tissue plasminogen activator or tPA
and urokinase-type plasminogen activator
is the systematic accelerating hydrolysis of fibrin bound by plasmin
fibrinolysis
excessive fibrinolysis can cause ___ due to premature clot lysis before wound healing is established
bleeding
plasminogen is produced by what organ
liver
single chain protein with five glycosylated loops
kringles
it enables plasminogen, with and UPA to bind fibrin lysine molecule during polymerization
kringles
what are the 2 types of fibrinolysis
primary and secondary
this type of fibrinolysis is a natural process wherein we dissolve clot to prevent excessive clotting and help the healing of the injury
primary fibrinolysis
this type of fibrinolysis wherein there’s a dissolution of fibrin clot in response to certain condition
secondary fibrinolysis
example of conditions wherein the secondary fibrinolysis are observed
disseminated intravascular coagulation
infection
neoplasm
snake bite
HTR
a protein that digest fibrin or fibrinogen
plasminogen
a serine proteases secreted by activated endothelium which activates plasminogen
TPA
serine protease secreted by kidney and activates plasminogen
UPA - urokinase
secreted by endothelium, inhibits tissue plasminogen activator
PAU 1 - plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
inhibits plasmin
a2 - antiplasmin
suppresses fibrinolysis by removing fibrin C terminal lysine binding sites
thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor
an endogenous plasminogen activator wherein it hydrolyzes fibrin bound plasminogen converting it to plasmin thus initiating fibrinolysis
tissue plasminogen activator
how many kringle sdo TPA has
with 2 glycosylated kringle regions which forms covalent lysine bonds with fibrin during
how many kringle do UPA has
only one kringle and does not bind firmly to fibrin
it is the plasma zymogen, inactivated form of plasmin
plasminogen
major inhibitor of free plasmin
a2 antiplasmin
it’s a primary fast acting inhibitor of plasmin
a2 antiplasmin
low concentration of a2 antiplasmin will lead to
bleeding
a2 antiplasmin is present in plasma and ___
platelet
a2 antiplasmin is synthesized in the
liver
it inactivates the plasmin that is not inhibited by alpha 2 antiplasmin
a2 macroglobulin
released by platelets, it inhibits activation o fibrin-bound plasminogen
thrombospondin
incread PA1 will result to
myocardial infaction, stroke, and thrombosis
prinsiple inhibitor of plasmininogen activation
PAU 1
thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor is also known as
plasma procarboxypeptidase
TIFA is produced in the
liver
TIFA is activated by
thrombin-thrombomodulin complex
it inhibits fibrinolysis by cleaving exposed carboxy-terminal lysine carboxy-terminal lysine residues from partially degraded fibrin, thereby preventing the binding of TPA and plasminogen to fibrin blocking the formation of plasmim
TIFA
increased thrombin generation will cause what to TAFI
increase activation
plasminogen is produced in what organ
liver
plasminogen gene is located at what chromosome
chromosome 6 long arm q region band 26-q27
c6q26-q27
plasma concentration of plasminogen is approximately
200 mg/l
the most important protein in fibrinolysis is ___ and it’s the only one that can degrade fibrin clot
plasmin
plasmin produces __ which increase vascular permeability and interfere with thrombin-induced fibrin formation
fibrin degradation products
aside from the FDP, what is the component of that plasmin produces as well that is related to FDP
D-dimer
what labile factors do plasmin destroyed
labile factors and the IX and XI
plasmin indirectly enhances the conversion of what factor
factor XII to factor XIIa
it is a serine proteases that systematically digests fibrin polymer by the hydrolysis of arginine-related and lysine-related peptide bonds
plasmin
it maintains the balance between the clot formation and the dissolution
plasmin
plasmin cleaves fibrin and the fdp produced are
X,Y,D,E and D,-D
Fragment X
central E domain with 2 D domains
D-E-D
fragment Y
E domain after cleavage of one D domain
D-E
a fragment that is composed of D2 D domains from separate fibrin molecules cross-lined by the action of factor XIIIa
D-dimer or D-D fragment
it is the marker of thrombosis and the fibrinolysis
D-dimer
D-Dimer elevated in cases of
thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation
the process of degrading a native fibrinogen is called as
fibrinogenolysis
