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HEMATOLOGY 2 > LAV EVAL - PRIMARY HEMOSTASIS > Flashcards

LAV EVAL - PRIMARY HEMOSTASIS Flashcards

1
Q

test under the plt aggregation test

A

epinephrine
collagen
adp
ristocetin

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2
Q

test for plt adhesiveness

A

salzman

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3
Q

test for retraction time

A

hirschboeck
macfarlene
stefanini-dameshek

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4
Q

test for bleeding time

A

duke’s
ivy’s

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5
Q

serves to immediately limit bleeding through the formation of a platelet plug

A

primary hemostasis

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6
Q

platelets play a key role in the rapid response to blood vessel by

A

adhering to the endothelial wall at the site of injury
releasing potent anticoagulant compounds
aggregating to form a plug
providing a phospholipid surface for activated coagulation enzyme complexes

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7
Q

defects in primary hemostasis are generally associated with ____ bleeding

A

mucocutaneous bleeding

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8
Q

mucocutaneous bleeding is characterized by __

A

epistaxis, ecchymosis, genitourinary or gingival bleeding

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9
Q

A typical patient with defective primary hemostasis might
experience profuse bleeding from small cuts and require the
application of pressure for a prolonged period to stop the
bleeding

true or false

A

true

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10
Q

LABORATORY METHODS FOR THE STUDY OF
HEMOSTASIS

A

tests for primary hemostasis
tests for secondary hemostasis
test for inhibitors of coagulation (circulating anticoagulants )

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11
Q

what are the Tests for primary hemostasis

A
  1. Bleeding Time
  2. Platelet Count
  3. Tests for specific platelet functions
  4. Clot Retraction Time
  5. Capillary fragility or capillary resistance test
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12
Q

this test for primary hemostasis provides assessment of platelet count and
function

A

bleeding time

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13
Q

it measures plt plug formation

A

bleeding time

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14
Q

factors that affect the bleeding time

A

elasticity of cut tissue
ability of the blood vessel to contract and retract
mechanical and chemical action of plt in the formation of the hemostatic plug

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15
Q

Methods of Bleeding Time Determination

A

duke’s method
modified ivy’s method
coply lalitch method
adelson-crosby method
macfarlane’s method
aspirin tolerance test

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16
Q

best method to assess platelets. It is considered to be the best screening
test available for platelet’s role in hemostasis.

A

Modified Ivy’s Method

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17
Q

Both methods involve
immersion of the wound finger
in a sterile NSS warmed at 37̊C
until bleeding stops

A

coply lalitch method
adelson-crosby method

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18
Q

same principle with Adelson-Crosby method but it only uses ear lobe as the site of
puncture

A

macfarlane’s method

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19
Q

assesses the effect of a
standard dose of aspirin on the Duke’s Bleeding Time

A

aspirin tolerance test

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20
Q

ref range for duke’s method

A

1-3 mns

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21
Q

ref range for modified ivy’ method

A

3-6 mns

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22
Q

template method ref range

A

3-6 mns

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23
Q

coply lalitch method ref range

A

170-340 seconds

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24
Q

Adelson-Crosby Method (NV:__ seconds)

A

170-340

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25
Q

the 3 method of assessing bleeding time that has the same normal values

A

copy lalitch method
adelson crosby method
macfarlane’s method

170-340 seconds

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26
Q

factors that causes with prolonged bleeding time:

A

when plt are reduced
injury of capillary wall
prothrombin deficiency
slightly prolonged in severe anemia

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27
Q

conditions whereas plt are greatly reduced causing prolonged bleeding

A

thrombocytopenia purpura
acute leukemia
aplastic anemia

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28
Q

conditions whereas the capillary wall are injured causing prolonged bleeding

A

scurvy
toxins (infection, chemical, snake venom)

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29
Q

conditions wherein there’s prothrombin deficicency are injured causing prolonged bleeding

A

destructive disease of the liver
hemolytic disease of the newborn

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30
Q

Direct Methods for platelet count

A

guy and leake method
rees and ecker method
brencher-cronkite method

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31
Q

inDirect Methods for platelet count

A

fonio’s method
dameshek method

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32
Q

platelets are counted in their relationship to
red cells on a fixed-stained smear

A

indirect method

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33
Q

This method is NOT
RELIABLE because the results depend upon the distribution of platelets and on the red cell count

A

indirect method of counting PLT

34
Q

reagents used in Fonio’s method

A

14% MgSO4 + 1ggt of blood + Wright Stain.

35
Q

reagents used in dameshek method

A

Brilliant Cresyl Blue, Sodium Citrate,
sucrose and formalin; counter stain with Wright’s Stain.

36
Q

indirect method plt counting formula

A

plt/ul = plt X rbc count/1000

37
Q

platelets are counted in a
hemocytometer as in erythrocytes and leukocyte

A

direct method

38
Q

guy and leake’s solution component

A

diluent is made of sodium oxalate,
40% formalin and crystal violet.

39
Q

formula for guy and leake

A

Platelets/uL= platelet counted X 5 X 10 X 10

40
Q

rees and ecker solution components

A

diluent is made up of sodium oxalate, brilliant cresyl blue, formalin and distilled water

41
Q

calculation for rees and ecker

A

Platelets/uL=
Platelets counted X 10 X 200
divide by 4

42
Q

this method of counting plt is when red cells must first be removed
from whole blood, either by sedimentation or by
controlled centrifugation

A

electronic method

43
Q

Electronic Method has 2 ways of counting

A

voltage-pulse counting
electro-optical counting

44
Q

test for adhesion of platelets

A

borchgrevink method
salzman method

45
Q
  • platelets are enumerated in the capillary blood
    oozing from a bleeding time puncture
A

borchgrevink method

46
Q

it is expressed as a percentage of the venous plt count

A

borchgrevink method

47
Q

test for the retention of plt within glass beads columns

A

salzman method

48
Q

venous blood is aspirated directly from the bein through a bead column and into a vacutainer

A

salzman method

49
Q

platelet aggregation test

employs the use of various __

A

aggregometers

50
Q

measures the changes in optical density of a
platelet suspension under conditions of
constant temperature and continuous
agitation

A

platelet aggregation test

51
Q

platelet aggregation test is studied in suspensions of __

A

citrated plasma
(PRP)

52
Q

why do we perform plt aggregation test

A

evaluation of suspected hereditary and acquired
disorders of platelet function

53
Q

. Hereditary platelet function disorders include

A

❑ Defects of adhesion (Bernard Soulier syndrome)
❑ Defects of aggregation (Glanzmann
thrombasthenia)
❑ Defects of secretion (Alpha or Dense Granule Deficiency, Aspirin-Like Defects).

54
Q

Acquired platelet function disorders

A

❑ drug-induced platelet dysfunction (aspirin,
clopidogrel, antibiotics)
❑ uremia
❑ myeloproliferative disorders

55
Q

depends on normal number of contractile
platelets, the presence of calcium and ATP,
and a normal concentration of fibrinogen

A

Clot Retraction Time

56
Q

Methods under clot Retraction time

A
  1. Hirshboek Method or Castor Oil Method
  2. Stefanini Method
  3. Macfarlane Method
57
Q

Platelet deficiency
a. Thrombocytopenia

give the clot characteristics

A

clot nonretractile or retracts poorly

58
Q

Platelet deficiency
b. Thrombasthenia

give the clot characteristics

A

clot edematous/friable

59
Q

Afibrinogemia

give the clot characteristics

A

blood does not clot

60
Q

Fibrinogenopenia

give the clot characteristics

A

clot is normal, increase red cell fall out

61
Q

Increase in Blood Constituents
a. Thrombocythemia
b. Polycythemia

give the clot characteristics

A

defective retraction, clot flabby/friable

increased red cell fall out

62
Q

Hyperproteinemia

give the clot characteristics

A

layered clot

clot may not retract or may retract poorly

rapid sedimentation of red cell

63
Q
  • tests the stability of the small blood vessels to
    retain the red cell in their lumen under conditions of
    stress and trauma
A

capillary fragility or capillary resistance test

64
Q

. Tourniquet or Rumpel –

A

Leede or Hess Test

65
Q

by partially obstructing the venous blood, the
capillary pressure is increased and will give rise to
intravasation of blood
which will be manifested in the form of small
hemorrhage called

A

petechiae

66
Q

1+ of petechiae in qualitative interpretation

A

few petechiae on the anterior part of forearm

67
Q

quantitative interpretation of 1+ petechiae

A

0-10

68
Q

2+ qualitative interpretation of petechiae means

A

many petechiae on the anterior part of the forearm

69
Q

2+ quantitative interpretation of petechiae means

A

10-20

70
Q

3+ qualitative interpretation of petechiae means

A

multiple petechiae over the anterior and the back of the hand

71
Q

3+ quantitative interpretation of petechiae means

A

20-50

72
Q

4+ qualitative interpretation of petechiae means

A

confluent petechiae over the anterior and the back of the hand

73
Q

4+ quantitative interpretation of petechiae means

A

> 50

74
Q

this method has positive pressure technique

A

tourniquet or rumpel

75
Q

this method has negative pressure

A

suction cup or petechiometer method

76
Q
  • employs the use of a modified da Silva Melle
    instrument
A

Suction Cup or Petechiometer Method

77
Q

the cup is applied to the surface of the arm for a
period of one minute at 200 mmHg

A

Suction Cup or Petechiometer Method

78
Q

the resistance of the capillaries is expressed as the
least negative pressure required to produced
macroscopic petechiae

A

Suction Cup or Petechiometer Method

79
Q

ref range of Suction Cup or Petechiometer Method

A

less than 4 petechiae

80
Q

Indications of Increase Capillary
Resistance Test

A
  1. Thrombocytopenia
  2. Thrombocythemia
  3. Vascular purpura
  4. Scurvy
  5. Senile purpura
81
Q
A

HEMATOLOGY 2 (18 decks)

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