LEC2 - principle of coagulation Flashcards
Hemostasis
involves the interaction
of ___, ____, ___ and_____
vasoconstriction,
platelet adhesion and
aggregation and
coagulation enzymes
Hemostasis
a complex process that:
produces a clot to stop the bleeding
keeps the clot confined
dissolves the clot as the wound heal
Reduction in blood vessel diameter due to
smooth muscle constriction
Vasoconstriction
What happens during vasoconstriction
- reduces blood flow
- facilitate platelet adhesion
- enhance coagulation cascade
a reflexive and earliest response in vessel injury
vasoconstriction
the process of dissolving the clot is called as
fibrinolysis
The Key Cellular Elements of Hemostasis
Vascular Intima
Extravascular tissue factor
Platelets
Blood Coagulation Factors (Factor I-XIII) except factor VI
Fibrinolytic protein
The innermost lining of blood vessels is
a monolayer of metabolically active ___
endothelial cells
___ have the thickest wall of the vascular
system
Arteries
__ are larger and have more irregular lumen
than arteries
Veins
blood vessels 3 layers
Tunica Intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia
the layer of blood vessels that is known as the inner lining and composed of single layer of endothelial cell and also subendothelial layer of connective tissue
Tunica Intima
tunica intima is the layer of blood vessels that is known as the inner lining and composed of single layer of endothelial cell and also subendothelial layer of connective tissue called as ________
internal elastic lamina
a layer of blood vessel that is the middle, also short, composed
of smooth muscles and elastic tissues
Tunica media
outer most layer of blood
vessels
Tunica adventitia
Tunica adventitia is composed of
collagen and elastic fibers
the strongest among the blood vessel layer
tunica adventitia
The ___ provides the
interface between circulating blood and
the body tissues.
vascular intima
Vascular intima
The innermost lining of blood vessels is
a monolayer of metabolically active
____
endothelial cells
Role of Endothelial Cell
Immune response
Vascular permeability
Proliferation
Hemostasis
Role of Endothelial Cells in immune response
serves as the barrier preventing the transmigration of immune cells
regulates the expression of surface adhesion molecules
production of mediators thus will control the circulating wbs
Role of Endothelial Cells in Vascular permeability
capacity of the vessel wall that allows the
flow of the blood
it controls the movement of the small and large molecule from the blood
Vascular permeability
Role of Endothelial Cells in proliferation
can promote hematopoietic stem cells &
differentiation
Role of Endothelial Cells in Proliferation
maintain the survival and self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells
_____ the tissues surrounding blood
vessels involved in hemostasis when local
vessel is injured
Extravascular Component
The extra-vascular ( tissues surrounding blood
vessels) involved in hemostasis when local
vessel is injured, through ___ and ____
swelling and inflammation
It plays a part in hemostasis by providing back
pressure on the injured vessel through swelling and trapping of escaped blood
Extravascular
destruction or lysis of the
fibrin during wound healing
Fibrinolysis
Role of Blood Vessels in Hemostasis
Contraction or VASOCONSTRICTION (narrowing) and Dilation or VASODILATION
Blood flows through the vascular system to and
from all parts of the body. The vascular system
consists of ___, ____, and ____
capillaries, arteries, and veins.
Responsible for micro circulation that links
between arterial and venous circulation.
Capillaries
Thinnest walled and most numerous of blood
vessels compose of basement membrane that is tightly anchored with collagen that offers support for microvascular unit.
Capillaries
Smaller blood vessels
Arterioles and Venules
Microscopic continuation of arteries
giving off meta arterioles joining capillaries
Arterioles
: the microscopic size of veins connecting to
capillaries
Venules
Is the process whereby on vessel
injury Plasma protein, Tissue factors and
Calcium interact on the surface of the platelets to form a Fibrin clot
Coagulation
Tissue factors is also known as
factor III
what’s the difference of factor III to other factors?
we are not being deficient of factor III
very important in the activation of
coagulation factors, without this there is
no activation of coagulation factors or no
clot formation.
calcium
Platelets provide a surface for the coagulation
reaction, and interact with ____ to form a
STABLE PLATELET-FIBRIN (FXIII) CLOT.
fibrin
The major role of the hemostatic system is to
______
maintain a complete balance of the body’s
tendency toward CLOTTING and BLEEDING .
inhibits or slow down the process
of platelet activation and aggregation
Prostacyclin
how will prostacyclin together with nitric oxide helps in normal blood flow
inactivates platelet by preventing it to adhere to endothelial cells as another platelet
role of Heparin sulfate
enhances the activity of anti-
thrombin III or ATIII
role of anti-Thrombin III
will inactivate the thrombin
role of thrombin
activates the fibrinogen to become fibrin
this is the activated form of factor II or prothrombin
thrombin
anticoagulant
in which are produce by the endothelial cell
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor
induces smooth muscle relaxation,
vasodilation and inhibits the platelet activation
Nitric oxide-
also present in endothelial
cells, act as normal anticoagulant
Thrombomodulin
what are the substances or the component that will suppress the hemostasis or the formation of clot in a normal blood flow
prostacyclin
nitric oxide
heparin sulfate
tissue factor pathway inhibitor
thrombomodulin
- formation of clot or thrombus
formation
Coagulation
Poor clot formation
HYPOCOAGULATION
in HYPOCOAGULATION - there will be an excessive fibrinolysis which can lead to
bleeding
examples of Hypocoaguble disease
Hemophilia
Acquired conditions such as
Disseminated intravascular coagulation , Liver
and Kidney diseases.
hemophilia A- ___ deficiency
factor VIII
hemophilia B- _deficiency
factor IX
hemophilia C- factor _____ deficiency
XI
Liver is involved in hypocoagulation disease because __
most of
coagulation factors are synthesize in
the liver.
uncontrolled
production of thrombi
HYPERCOAGULATION
Other conditions are related to uncontrolled
thrombosis are called
Hyper-coagulable
state.
This is related to an appropriate formation
of thrombi in the vascular vessels that
occlude normal blood flow.
HYPERCOAGULATION
Thrombus is composed of ____, ___, ____ and _____ And the tendency
mahihirapan magflow yung RBC. And will
lead to Myocardial infarction, mild stroke
and death.
platelets, WBC, RBCs, cholesterol.
seen in cases
of Polycythemia vera (high risk of having
this)
Uncontrolled thrombosis-