[LEC] Muscle Enzymes Flashcards
1
Q
ENZYME CLASSIFICATION OF CK
A
TRANSFERASE
2
Q
EC CODE OF CK
A
2.7.3.2
3
Q
RECOMMENDED NAME OF CK
A
CREATININE KINASE
4
Q
SYSTEMATIC NAME OF CK
A
ATP: CREATINE N-PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE
5
Q
ENZYME CLASSIFICATION OF LDH
A
OXIDOREDUCTASES
6
Q
EC CODE OF LDH
A
1.1.1.27
7
Q
SYSTEMATIC NAME OF LDH
A
L-LACTATE: NAD OXIDOREDUCTASE
8
Q
RECOMMENDED NAME OF LDH
A
LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE
9
Q
ENZYME CLASSIFICATION OF GP
A
TRANSFERASE
10
Q
EC CODE OF GP
A
2.4.1.1
11
Q
RECOMMENDED NAME OF GP
A
GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE
12
Q
SYSTEMATIC NAME OF GP
A
1,4-a-D-GLUCAN: ORTHOPHOSPHATE GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE
13
Q
ENZYME CLASSIFICATION OF ALD
A
LYASES
14
Q
EC CODE OF ALD
A
4.1.2.13
15
Q
RECOMMENDED NAME OF ALD
A
ALDOLASE
16
Q
SYSTEMATIC NAME OF ALD
A
D-D-FRUCTOSE-1, 6-BISDIPHOSPHATE D-GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE LYASE
17
Q
WHAT ARE THE GP ISOENZYME FRACTIONS
A
GP LL — Liver and all other tissues except the heart, smooth muscles, and brain
GP MM — Adult skeletal muscle
GP BB — Brain
18
Q
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCES OF GP
A
EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF AMI
LIMITED SPECIFICITY (NOT ROUTINELY USED)
19
Q
TISSUE SOURCES OF GP LL
A
LIVER AND ALLL OTHER TISSUES
EXCEPT
— HEART
— SKELETAL MUSCLE
— BRAIN
20
Q
TISSUE SOURCES OF GP MM
A
ADULT SKELETAL MUSCLE
21
Q
TISSUE SOURCES OF GP BB
A
BRAIN
22
Q
ISOENZYME FRACTIONS OF ALD
A
ALD A — Skeletal muscle
ALD B — WBC, liver, kidney
ALD C — Brain tissue
23
Q
IN WHAT CLINICAL CONDITIONS DOES ALD INCREASE IN
A
SKELETAL MUSCLE DISEASE
LEUKEMIA
HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
HEPATIC CANCER
24
Q
FUNCTION OF CK
A
CATALYZE THE PHOSPHORYLATION OF ADP BACK TO ATP
25
OPTIMUM PH OF CK’S FORWARD REACTION
pH 9
26
OPTIMUM PH OF CK’S REVERSE REACTION
pH 6.7
27
ACTIVATING ION OF CK
MAGNESIUM
28
WHAT DOES THE ACTIVATING ION OF CK COMPLEX WITH
MAGNESIUM COMPLEXES WITH PHOSPHOCREATINE
29
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF TOO MUCH MAGNESIUM ON CK ACTIVITY
EXCESS MAGNESIUM BECOMES INHIBITORY
30
MAJOR TISSUE SOURCES OF CK
STRIATED MUSCLE
HEART MUSCLE
31
MINOR TISSUE SOURCES OF CK
BRAIN
GIT
URINARY BLADDER
32
TISSUES OR ORGANS THAT ARE DEVOID OF CK ACTIVITY
LIVER
RBCs
33
SUBUNITS OF CK
CK B
CK M
34
GENETIC LOCUS OF THE CK SUBUNITS
CK B — CHR 14
CK M — CHR 19
35
SIZE OF EACH CK SUBUNIT
40,000 DALTONS
36
3 PAIRS OF CK FRACTIONS
CK BB — Brain
CK MB — Hybrid
CK BB — Muscle
37
FASTEST CK ISOENZYME TO MOVE TOWARDS THE ANODE
CK BB
38
CK ISOENZYME THAT HAS THE INCREASES IN BRAIN DAMAGE
CK BB
39
DOES CK INCREASE IN LIVER DAMAGE
NO
THE LIVER IS DEVOID OF CK ACTIVITY
40
INHIBITORS OF CK ACTIVITY
MAGNESIUM (IN EXCESS)
ZINC
COPPER
IODOACETATE
MANGANESE
OTHER SULFHYDRYL BINDING REAGENT
41
EFFECT OF SULFHYDRYL BINDING REAGENTS ON CK
CK BECOMES UNSTABLE IN SERUM
CK LOSES ACTIVITY
42
INHIBITOR THAT IS USED TO PARTIALLY RESTORE THE ACTIVITY OF CK
SULFHYDRYL BINDING REAGENTS
N-ACETYL CYSTEINE
DIOTHRIETOL
GLUTATHIONE
43
TRUE OR FALSE
SULFHYDRYL BINDING REAGENTS ARE ABLE TO FULLY RESTORE CK ACTIVITY WHEN IT IS LOST
FALSE
PARTIALLY RESTORE
44
IN WHAT CLINICAL CONDITIONS DOES TOTAL CK INCREASE
INJURY
INFLAMMATION
NECROSIS OF THE SKELETAL OR HEART MUSCLE
45
OTHER NAME OF CK BB
CK 1
BRAIN TYPE
46
SIZE OF CK BB
80,000 DALTONS
47
CK ISOENZYME THAT IS NOT NORMALLY PRESENT IN A HEALTHY PATIENT’S SERA
CK BB
CK 1
BRAIN TYPE
48
CK ISOENZYME THAT IS A TUMOR-ASSOCIATED MARKER
CK BB
CK 1
BRAIN TYPE
49
CONDITIONS IN WHICH CK BB CAN BE USED AS A TUMOR ASSOCIATED MARKER
PROSTATIC CARCINOMA
ADENOCARCINOMA
50
CK ISOENZYME THAT HAS THE SHORTEST HALFLIFE
CK BB
2-3 HOURS IN SERUM
51
HALF LIFE OF CK BB
2-3 HOURS
IN SERUM
52
CK ISOENZYME HIGHLY LOCALIZED IN THE BRAIN TISSUE
CK BB
CK 1
BRAIN TYPE
53
CK ISOENZYME FOUND IN THE BLADDER, LUNGS, PROSTATE, UTERUS, COLON, STOMACH, THYROID
CK BB
CK 1
BRAIN TYPE
54
IN WHAT OTHER ORGANS CAN CK BB BE FOUND IN SMALLER CONCENTRATIONS
BLADDER
PROSTATE
UTERUS
LUNGS
THYROID
COLON
STOMACH
55
IN WHAT OTHER ORGANS CAN CK BB BE FOUND IN HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS
CNS
GIT
UTERUS (DURING PRENANCY)
56
OTHER NAMES FOR CK MB
CK 2
HYBRID
57
PREDOMINANT TISSUE SOURCE OF CK MB
MYOCARDIUM TISSUE
20% OF TOTAL CK ACTIVITY
58
WHAT CK ISOENZYME IS PREDOMINANTLY FOUND IN THE MYOCARDIUM TISSUE
CK MB
CK 2
HYBRID
59
IN THE ABSENCE OF CK IN AMI
WHAT PROTEIN CAN BE USED
TROPONIN
60
HALF LIFE OF CK MB
ABOUT 12 HOURS
61
FIRST CK ISOENZYME TO RISE AT THE ONSET OF CHEST PAIN
CK MB
62
VOLUME AT WHICH CK MB IS NORMALLY PRESENT IN SERUM
<5 ug/dL
63
OTHER NAMES FOR CK MM
CK 3
MUSCLE
64
MAJOR ISOENZYME IN THE SERA OF HEALTHY PEOPLE
CK MM
CK 3
MUSCLE
65
PERCENTAGE OF CK MM IN NORMAL SERUM
94-100%
66
CK ISOENZYME WITH THE LONGEST HALFLIFE
CK MM
15 HOURS
67
TRUE OR FALSE
CK MM HAS THE SHORTEST HALF LIFE
CK BB HAS THE LONGEST HALF LIFE
68
CK MM IS ABUNDANT IN WHAT TISSUES
HEART MUSCLE
SKELETAL MUSCLE
69
MILD PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CAUSES WHAT CK ISOENZYME TO INCREASE
CK MM
CK 3
MUSCLE
70
IN HEART AND SKELETAL MUSCLES, WHAT CK ISOENZYME IS ABUNDANTLY PRESENT
CK MM
CK 3
MUSCLE
71
ATYPICAL FORMS OF CK
CK MT OR CK MI
MACRO CK
72
OTHER NAMES FOR CK MT
CK MI
MITOCHONDRIAL
73
WHERE IS CK MI PRESENT
IN BETWEEN THE INNER AND OUTER MEMBRANES OF THE MITOCHONDRIA
74
ATYPICAL ISOENYZME THAT MAKES UP 15% OF TOTAL CK ACTIVITY
CK MI
75
GENETIC LOCUS OF CK MI
CHR 15
76
THE CK ISOENZYME WHOSE GENETIC LOCUS IS CHROMOSOME 15
CK MI
77
WHAT IS THE MIDDLE FORM OF CK MM AND CK MB
MACRO CK
78
TYPE 1 MACRO CK
BB + IgG
79
TYPE 2 MACRO CK
MM + LIPOPROTEIN
80
OTHER FORMS OF MACRO CK
TYPE 1 — BB +IgG
TYPE 2 — MM + LIPOPROTEIN
81
TYPE OF CK ISOENZYME COMPLEXED WITH AN IMMUNOGLOBULIN
MACRO CK TYPE 1
BB + IGG
82
TYPE OF CK ISOENZYME COMPLEXED WITH A LIPOPROTEIN
MACRO CK
TYPE 2
MM + LIPOPROTEIN
83
WHAT CK ISOENZYME CAUSES FALSE ELEVATION DUE TO ITS COMPLEX WITH OTHER MOLECULES
MACRO CK
84
CHEMICAL REACTION OF LDH
LACTATE + NAD <—LD—> PYRUVATE + NADH + H
85
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF LD’S PEPTIDE CHAINS
134 KILODALTONS
86
ISOENZYMES OF LDH
LD M
LD H
87
GENETIC LOCI OF LD ISOENZYMES
LD M — CHR 11
LD H — CHR 12
88
5 ISOENZYME FRACTIONS
LD 1
LD 2
LD 3
LD 4
LD 5
89
LDH ISOENZYMES AND THEIR PERCENTAGES OF TOTAL LDH
LD 1 — 29-37%
DL 2 — 42-48%
LD 3 — 16-20%
LD 4 — 2-4%
LD 5 — 0.5-1.5%
90
6TH LD ISOENZYME
LD X
LD C
XXXX
CCCC
91
SUBUNITS OF LD X/C
XXXX
CCCC
92
LD ISOENZYME FRACTION THAT IS PRESENT DURING POST PUBERTAL HUMAN TESTES
LD X
LD C
93
MAJOR TISSUE SOURCE OF LD 1 AND 2
HEART
KIDNEYS
ERYTHROCYTES
94
WHAT LD ISOENZYMES ARE PREDOMINANTLY FOUND IN THE
HEART, KIDNEYS, AND ERYTHROCYTES
LD 1
LD2 2
95
MOST ABUNDANT AMONG ALL LD ISOENZYME FRACTIONS
LD 2
96
MOST HEAT STABLE LD ISOENZYME
LD 2
97
LD ISOENZYME WITH INTERMEDIATE MOTILITY
LD 3
98
MAJOR TISSUE SOURCES OF LD 3
LUNGS
SPLEEN
PANCREAS
LYMPHOCYTES
PLATELETS
99
LD ISOENZYME THAT IS PREDOMINANTLY PRESENT IN THE
SPLEEN, LUNGS, PANCREAS, LYMPHOCYTES, PLATELETS
LD 3
100
LD ISOENZYMES THAT ARE CATHODAL IN MOBILITY
LD 4
LD 5
101
MOST COLD LABILE LD ISOENZYMES
LD 5
102
AT WHAT TEMPERATURE DOES LD LOSE ACTIVITY AND WHICH ISOENZYME IS PRONE TO THIS
4-5C
LD 4
LD 5
103
SEVENTH LD ISOENZYME
LD 6
104
LD ISOENZYME PRESENT IN PATIENTS WITH ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR FAILURE
LD 6
105
WHAT MIGRATES IN BETWEEN LD 4 AND LD 5
LD 6
106
ILLUSTRATE THE CATHODAL AND ANODAL MIGRATIONS OF THE LD ISOENZYMES
CATHODE — LD4 -LD6- LD5
2M — LD3
ANODE — LD2 LD1
107
ILLUSTRATE THE CATHODAL AND ANODAL MIGRATION THE CK ISOENZYMES
CATHODE — MI : MM - MACRO - MB - BB — ANODE
RECALL:
BB — FASTEST
MM — SLOWEST
MACRO — IN BETWEEN MM AND MB
MI — DOESN’T MOVE
108
CLINICAL CONDITIONS WHERE LDH IS INCREASED
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
HEPATITIS
HEMOLYSIS
LUNG AND MUSCLE DISORDERS
109
WHAT CLINICAL CONDITION OBSERVES THE HIGHEST INCREASE CONCENTRATION OF LD
HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA — MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA — PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
UP TO 50X ULN
110
CAUSE OF PERNICIOUS/MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
DEFICIENCY OF FOLATE OR VITAMIN B12
111
IN WHAT CLINICAL CONDITION IS LDH USED TO MONITOR ITS DISEASE ACTIVITY
LEUKEMIA
112
ENZYME USED TO MONITOR THE DISEASE ACTIVITY OF LEUKEMIA AND NON HODGKINS LYMPHOMA
LD
113
HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA OBSERVES A CONCENTRATION OF UP TO 50X ULN OF THIS ENZYME
LDH
114
MARKED ELEVATION OF LDH IS OBSERVED IN THESE CLINICAL CONDITIONS
HEPATIC AND NON HEPATIC METASTASIS
115
INCREASE OF THIS LD ISOENZYME IN GERM CELL TUMOR
LD 1
116
ATYPICAL FORM OF LDH
MACRO LD
LDH +IgG and IgA
117
NORMAL ID FLIPPED PATTERN OF LD
LD1 > LD2
118
ABNORMAL RATIO OF LDH’S ID FLIPPED PATTER
LD1:LD2 > 1
SEEN IN AMI
