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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 > [LEC] Muscle Enzymes > Flashcards

[LEC] Muscle Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

ENZYME CLASSIFICATION OF CK

A

TRANSFERASE

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2
Q

EC CODE OF CK

A

2.7.3.2

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3
Q

RECOMMENDED NAME OF CK

A

CREATININE KINASE

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4
Q

SYSTEMATIC NAME OF CK

A

ATP: CREATINE N-PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE

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5
Q

ENZYME CLASSIFICATION OF LDH

A

OXIDOREDUCTASES

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6
Q

EC CODE OF LDH

A

1.1.1.27

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7
Q

SYSTEMATIC NAME OF LDH

A

L-LACTATE: NAD OXIDOREDUCTASE

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8
Q

RECOMMENDED NAME OF LDH

A

LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE

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9
Q

ENZYME CLASSIFICATION OF GP

A

TRANSFERASE

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10
Q

EC CODE OF GP

A

2.4.1.1

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11
Q

RECOMMENDED NAME OF GP

A

GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE

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12
Q

SYSTEMATIC NAME OF GP

A

1,4-a-D-GLUCAN: ORTHOPHOSPHATE GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE

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13
Q

ENZYME CLASSIFICATION OF ALD

A

LYASES

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14
Q

EC CODE OF ALD

A

4.1.2.13

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15
Q

RECOMMENDED NAME OF ALD

A

ALDOLASE

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16
Q

SYSTEMATIC NAME OF ALD

A

D-D-FRUCTOSE-1, 6-BISDIPHOSPHATE D-GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE LYASE

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17
Q

WHAT ARE THE GP ISOENZYME FRACTIONS

A

GP LL — Liver and all other tissues except the heart, smooth muscles, and brain
GP MM — Adult skeletal muscle
GP BB — Brain

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18
Q

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCES OF GP

A

EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF AMI
LIMITED SPECIFICITY (NOT ROUTINELY USED)

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19
Q

TISSUE SOURCES OF GP LL

A

LIVER AND ALLL OTHER TISSUES

EXCEPT
— HEART
— SKELETAL MUSCLE
— BRAIN

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20
Q

TISSUE SOURCES OF GP MM

A

ADULT SKELETAL MUSCLE

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21
Q

TISSUE SOURCES OF GP BB

A

BRAIN

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22
Q

ISOENZYME FRACTIONS OF ALD

A

ALD A — Skeletal muscle
ALD B — WBC, liver, kidney
ALD C — Brain tissue

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23
Q

IN WHAT CLINICAL CONDITIONS DOES ALD INCREASE IN

A

SKELETAL MUSCLE DISEASE
LEUKEMIA
HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
HEPATIC CANCER

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24
Q

FUNCTION OF CK

A

CATALYZE THE PHOSPHORYLATION OF ADP BACK TO ATP

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25
Q

OPTIMUM PH OF CK’S FORWARD REACTION

A

pH 9

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26
Q

OPTIMUM PH OF CK’S REVERSE REACTION

A

pH 6.7

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27
Q

ACTIVATING ION OF CK

A

MAGNESIUM

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28
Q

WHAT DOES THE ACTIVATING ION OF CK COMPLEX WITH

A

MAGNESIUM COMPLEXES WITH PHOSPHOCREATINE

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29
Q

WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF TOO MUCH MAGNESIUM ON CK ACTIVITY

A

EXCESS MAGNESIUM BECOMES INHIBITORY

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30
Q

MAJOR TISSUE SOURCES OF CK

A

STRIATED MUSCLE
HEART MUSCLE

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31
Q

MINOR TISSUE SOURCES OF CK

A

BRAIN
GIT
URINARY BLADDER

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32
Q

TISSUES OR ORGANS THAT ARE DEVOID OF CK ACTIVITY

A

LIVER
RBCs

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33
Q

SUBUNITS OF CK

A

CK B
CK M

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34
Q

GENETIC LOCUS OF THE CK SUBUNITS

A

CK B — CHR 14
CK M — CHR 19

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35
Q

SIZE OF EACH CK SUBUNIT

A

40,000 DALTONS

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36
Q

3 PAIRS OF CK FRACTIONS

A

CK BB — Brain
CK MB — Hybrid
CK BB — Muscle

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37
Q

FASTEST CK ISOENZYME TO MOVE TOWARDS THE ANODE

A

CK BB

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38
Q

CK ISOENZYME THAT HAS THE INCREASES IN BRAIN DAMAGE

A

CK BB

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39
Q

DOES CK INCREASE IN LIVER DAMAGE

A

NO
THE LIVER IS DEVOID OF CK ACTIVITY

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40
Q

INHIBITORS OF CK ACTIVITY

A

MAGNESIUM (IN EXCESS)
ZINC
COPPER
IODOACETATE
MANGANESE
OTHER SULFHYDRYL BINDING REAGENT

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41
Q

EFFECT OF SULFHYDRYL BINDING REAGENTS ON CK

A

CK BECOMES UNSTABLE IN SERUM
CK LOSES ACTIVITY

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42
Q

INHIBITOR THAT IS USED TO PARTIALLY RESTORE THE ACTIVITY OF CK

A

SULFHYDRYL BINDING REAGENTS

N-ACETYL CYSTEINE
DIOTHRIETOL
GLUTATHIONE

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43
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
SULFHYDRYL BINDING REAGENTS ARE ABLE TO FULLY RESTORE CK ACTIVITY WHEN IT IS LOST

A

FALSE
PARTIALLY RESTORE

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44
Q

IN WHAT CLINICAL CONDITIONS DOES TOTAL CK INCREASE

A

INJURY
INFLAMMATION
NECROSIS OF THE SKELETAL OR HEART MUSCLE

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45
Q

OTHER NAME OF CK BB

A

CK 1
BRAIN TYPE

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46
Q

SIZE OF CK BB

A

80,000 DALTONS

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47
Q

CK ISOENZYME THAT IS NOT NORMALLY PRESENT IN A HEALTHY PATIENT’S SERA

A

CK BB
CK 1
BRAIN TYPE

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48
Q

CK ISOENZYME THAT IS A TUMOR-ASSOCIATED MARKER

A

CK BB
CK 1
BRAIN TYPE

49
Q

CONDITIONS IN WHICH CK BB CAN BE USED AS A TUMOR ASSOCIATED MARKER

A

PROSTATIC CARCINOMA
ADENOCARCINOMA

50
Q

CK ISOENZYME THAT HAS THE SHORTEST HALFLIFE

A

CK BB
2-3 HOURS IN SERUM

51
Q

HALF LIFE OF CK BB

A

2-3 HOURS
IN SERUM

52
Q

CK ISOENZYME HIGHLY LOCALIZED IN THE BRAIN TISSUE

A

CK BB
CK 1
BRAIN TYPE

53
Q

CK ISOENZYME FOUND IN THE BLADDER, LUNGS, PROSTATE, UTERUS, COLON, STOMACH, THYROID

A

CK BB
CK 1
BRAIN TYPE

54
Q

IN WHAT OTHER ORGANS CAN CK BB BE FOUND IN SMALLER CONCENTRATIONS

A

BLADDER
PROSTATE
UTERUS

LUNGS
THYROID

COLON
STOMACH

55
Q

IN WHAT OTHER ORGANS CAN CK BB BE FOUND IN HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS

A

CNS
GIT
UTERUS (DURING PRENANCY)

56
Q

OTHER NAMES FOR CK MB

A

CK 2
HYBRID

57
Q

PREDOMINANT TISSUE SOURCE OF CK MB

A

MYOCARDIUM TISSUE
20% OF TOTAL CK ACTIVITY

58
Q

WHAT CK ISOENZYME IS PREDOMINANTLY FOUND IN THE MYOCARDIUM TISSUE

A

CK MB
CK 2
HYBRID

59
Q

IN THE ABSENCE OF CK IN AMI
WHAT PROTEIN CAN BE USED

60
Q

HALF LIFE OF CK MB

A

ABOUT 12 HOURS

61
Q

FIRST CK ISOENZYME TO RISE AT THE ONSET OF CHEST PAIN

62
Q

VOLUME AT WHICH CK MB IS NORMALLY PRESENT IN SERUM

63
Q

OTHER NAMES FOR CK MM

A

CK 3
MUSCLE

64
Q

MAJOR ISOENZYME IN THE SERA OF HEALTHY PEOPLE

A

CK MM
CK 3
MUSCLE

65
Q

PERCENTAGE OF CK MM IN NORMAL SERUM

66
Q

CK ISOENZYME WITH THE LONGEST HALFLIFE

A

CK MM
15 HOURS

67
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

A

CK MM HAS THE SHORTEST HALF LIFE
CK BB HAS THE LONGEST HALF LIFE

68
Q

CK MM IS ABUNDANT IN WHAT TISSUES

A

HEART MUSCLE
SKELETAL MUSCLE

69
Q

MILD PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CAUSES WHAT CK ISOENZYME TO INCREASE

A

CK MM
CK 3
MUSCLE

70
Q

IN HEART AND SKELETAL MUSCLES, WHAT CK ISOENZYME IS ABUNDANTLY PRESENT

A

CK MM
CK 3
MUSCLE

71
Q

ATYPICAL FORMS OF CK

A

CK MT OR CK MI
MACRO CK

72
Q

OTHER NAMES FOR CK MT

A

CK MI
MITOCHONDRIAL

73
Q

WHERE IS CK MI PRESENT

A

IN BETWEEN THE INNER AND OUTER MEMBRANES OF THE MITOCHONDRIA

74
Q

ATYPICAL ISOENYZME THAT MAKES UP 15% OF TOTAL CK ACTIVITY

75
Q

GENETIC LOCUS OF CK MI

76
Q

THE CK ISOENZYME WHOSE GENETIC LOCUS IS CHROMOSOME 15

77
Q

WHAT IS THE MIDDLE FORM OF CK MM AND CK MB

78
Q

TYPE 1 MACRO CK

79
Q

TYPE 2 MACRO CK

A

MM + LIPOPROTEIN

80
Q

OTHER FORMS OF MACRO CK

A

TYPE 1 — BB +IgG
TYPE 2 — MM + LIPOPROTEIN

81
Q

TYPE OF CK ISOENZYME COMPLEXED WITH AN IMMUNOGLOBULIN

A

MACRO CK TYPE 1
BB + IGG

82
Q

TYPE OF CK ISOENZYME COMPLEXED WITH A LIPOPROTEIN

A

MACRO CK
TYPE 2
MM + LIPOPROTEIN

83
Q

WHAT CK ISOENZYME CAUSES FALSE ELEVATION DUE TO ITS COMPLEX WITH OTHER MOLECULES

84
Q

CHEMICAL REACTION OF LDH

A

LACTATE + NAD <—LD—> PYRUVATE + NADH + H

85
Q

MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF LD’S PEPTIDE CHAINS

A

134 KILODALTONS

86
Q

ISOENZYMES OF LDH

87
Q

GENETIC LOCI OF LD ISOENZYMES

A

LD M — CHR 11
LD H — CHR 12

88
Q

5 ISOENZYME FRACTIONS

A

LD 1
LD 2
LD 3
LD 4
LD 5

89
Q

LDH ISOENZYMES AND THEIR PERCENTAGES OF TOTAL LDH

A

LD 1 — 29-37%
DL 2 — 42-48%
LD 3 — 16-20%
LD 4 — 2-4%
LD 5 — 0.5-1.5%

90
Q

6TH LD ISOENZYME

A

LD X
LD C

XXXX
CCCC

91
Q

SUBUNITS OF LD X/C

92
Q

LD ISOENZYME FRACTION THAT IS PRESENT DURING POST PUBERTAL HUMAN TESTES

93
Q

MAJOR TISSUE SOURCE OF LD 1 AND 2

A

HEART
KIDNEYS
ERYTHROCYTES

94
Q

WHAT LD ISOENZYMES ARE PREDOMINANTLY FOUND IN THE
HEART, KIDNEYS, AND ERYTHROCYTES

95
Q

MOST ABUNDANT AMONG ALL LD ISOENZYME FRACTIONS

96
Q

MOST HEAT STABLE LD ISOENZYME

97
Q

LD ISOENZYME WITH INTERMEDIATE MOTILITY

98
Q

MAJOR TISSUE SOURCES OF LD 3

A

LUNGS

SPLEEN
PANCREAS

LYMPHOCYTES
PLATELETS

99
Q

LD ISOENZYME THAT IS PREDOMINANTLY PRESENT IN THE
SPLEEN, LUNGS, PANCREAS, LYMPHOCYTES, PLATELETS

100
Q

LD ISOENZYMES THAT ARE CATHODAL IN MOBILITY

101
Q

MOST COLD LABILE LD ISOENZYMES

102
Q

AT WHAT TEMPERATURE DOES LD LOSE ACTIVITY AND WHICH ISOENZYME IS PRONE TO THIS

A

4-5C
LD 4
LD 5

103
Q

SEVENTH LD ISOENZYME

104
Q

LD ISOENZYME PRESENT IN PATIENTS WITH ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR FAILURE

105
Q

WHAT MIGRATES IN BETWEEN LD 4 AND LD 5

106
Q

ILLUSTRATE THE CATHODAL AND ANODAL MIGRATIONS OF THE LD ISOENZYMES

A

CATHODE — LD4 -LD6- LD5
2M — LD3
ANODE — LD2 LD1

107
Q

ILLUSTRATE THE CATHODAL AND ANODAL MIGRATION THE CK ISOENZYMES

A

CATHODE — MI : MM - MACRO - MB - BB — ANODE

RECALL:
BB — FASTEST
MM — SLOWEST
MACRO — IN BETWEEN MM AND MB
MI — DOESN’T MOVE

108
Q

CLINICAL CONDITIONS WHERE LDH IS INCREASED

A

MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
HEPATITIS
HEMOLYSIS
LUNG AND MUSCLE DISORDERS

109
Q

WHAT CLINICAL CONDITION OBSERVES THE HIGHEST INCREASE CONCENTRATION OF LD

A

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA — MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA — PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
UP TO 50X ULN

110
Q

CAUSE OF PERNICIOUS/MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA

A

DEFICIENCY OF FOLATE OR VITAMIN B12

111
Q

IN WHAT CLINICAL CONDITION IS LDH USED TO MONITOR ITS DISEASE ACTIVITY

112
Q

ENZYME USED TO MONITOR THE DISEASE ACTIVITY OF LEUKEMIA AND NON HODGKINS LYMPHOMA

113
Q

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA OBSERVES A CONCENTRATION OF UP TO 50X ULN OF THIS ENZYME

114
Q

MARKED ELEVATION OF LDH IS OBSERVED IN THESE CLINICAL CONDITIONS

A

HEPATIC AND NON HEPATIC METASTASIS

115
Q

INCREASE OF THIS LD ISOENZYME IN GERM CELL TUMOR

116
Q

ATYPICAL FORM OF LDH

A

MACRO LD
LDH +IgG and IgA

117
Q

NORMAL ID FLIPPED PATTERN OF LD

118
Q

ABNORMAL RATIO OF LDH’S ID FLIPPED PATTER

A

LD1:LD2 > 1
SEEN IN AMI

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 (10 decks)

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