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[LAB] GGT Flashcards

1
Q

TISSUES WHERE GGT WAS FIRST IDENTIFIED IN

A

KIDNEY TISSUE

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2
Q

PRIMARY ORIGIN OF GGT

A

HEPATOBILARY SYSTEM

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3
Q

WHERE ARE THE HIGHEST GGT LEVELS FOUND

A

RENAL TISSUE

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4
Q

CLINICAL CONDITIONS THAT RESULT IN EARLIER AND MORE PRONOUNCED GGT LEVELS

A

OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE
METASTATIC NEOPLASMS

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5
Q

CLINICAL CONDITIONS THAT RESULT IN ELEVATIONS THAT ARE 5-30X NORMAL LEVELS

A

INTRA- AND POST-HEPATIC BILIARY OBSTRUCTIONS

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6
Q

CLINICAL CONDITIONS THAT RESULT IN MODERATE ELEVATIONS OR 2-5X NORMAL LEVELS

A

INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS

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7
Q

ELEVATIONS ARE ALSO OBSERVED IN THESE CLINICAL CONDITIONS

A

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY TUMORS

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8
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
IN PRIMARY TUMORS, GGT MEASUREMENTS ARE MORE USEFUL DIAGNOSTICALLY THAN TRANSAMINASE DETERMINDATIONS

A

FALSE
LESS USEFUL

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9
Q

pH AT WHICH GGT CATALYZES THE TRANSFER OF THE DONOR SUBSTRATE TO THE ACCEPTOR SUBSTRATE

A

pH 8.2

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10
Q

PRINCIPLE OF GGT
IN THE SZASZ AND ROSALKI METHOD

A

L-gamma-p-nitroanilide + glycylglycine —GGT—> p-nitroaniline + gamma-glutamyl glycylglycine

**p-nitroaniline produces a yellow compound

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11
Q

[PRINCIPLE OF GGT ASSAYS]
DONOR SUBSTRATE

A

L-GAMMA-P-NITROANILIDE

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12
Q

[PRINCIPLE OF GGT ASSAYS]
ACCEPTOR SUBSTRATE

A

GLYCYLGLYCINE

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13
Q

[PRINCIPLE OF GGT ASSAYS]
ENZYME

A

GGT

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14
Q

[PRINCIPLE OF GGT ASSAYS]
PRODUCT (COLORED COMPOUND)

A

P-NITROANILINE (YELLOW)

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15
Q

[PRINCIPLE OF GGT ASSAYS]
SECOND PRODUCT

A

GAMMA-GLUTAMYL GLYCLYCLYCINE

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16
Q

THREE METHODS FOR GGT ASSAYS

A

SZASZ-ROSALKI
PERSIJN AND VAN DER SILK METHOD
GOLDBERG METHOD

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17
Q

BASIS OF DETERMINING GGT ARE BASED ON THE USE OF WHAT SUBSTRATE MATERIAL

A

GLUTAMYL DERIVATIVES OF AROMATIC AMINES

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18
Q

WHO INTRODUCED GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-P-NITROANILIDE AS A SUBSTRATE

A

ORLOWSKI AND MEISTER

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19
Q

SUBSTRATE USED BY ORLOWSKI AND MEISTER

A

GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-P-NITROANILIDE

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20
Q

WHO ADDED GLYCYLGLYCINE TO THE PROCESS OF GGT DETERMINATION

A

KULHANEK AND DIMOV

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21
Q

________ PUBLISHED A KINETIC PROCEDURE FOR GGT ON WHOSE PRINCIPLE THE EXPERIMENT (EXP 5) WAS BASED ON

A

SZASZ

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22
Q

WHAT SUBSTANCE SUBSTITUTED THE L-y-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide TO PRODUCE A MORE STABLE REAGENT

A

L-y-glutamyl-p-nitroanalide
A CARBOXYL DERIVATIVE

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23
Q

WHAT KIND OF DERIVATIVE IS L-y-glutamyl3-carboxy-4-nitroanalide

A

CARBOXYL DERIVATIVE

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24
Q

REFERENCE METHOD

A

SZASZ-ROSALKI METHOD

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25
Q

RELATIONSHIP OF THE RATE OF INCREASE IN ABSORBANCE TO GGT IN THE SAMPLE

A

DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL

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26
Q

PRODUCT OF THE SZASZ-ROSALKI METHOD

A

5-amino-2-nitrobenzoate

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27
Q

WAVELENGTH USED IN THE SZASZ-ROSALKI METHOD

A

410 nm

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28
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
THE REAGENT PRODUCED BY L-gamma-glutamyl-3-carboxy-4-nitroanilide IS NOT THAT STABLE AND IS WATER INSOLUBLE

A

FALSE
MORE STABLE, WATER SOLUBLE

29
Q

REAGENT MADE IN THE SZASZ-ROSALKI METHOD

A

L-gamma-glutamyl-3-carboxy-4-nitroanilide

30
Q

CHROMOGENIC METHOD

A

GOLDBERG METHOD

31
Q

METHOD THAT USES L-gamma-glutamyl-beta napthylamide AS A SUBSTRATE

A

GOLDBERG METHOD

32
Q

SUBSTRATE USED IN THE CHROMOGENIC METHOD

A

GOLDBERG METHOD
L-gamma-glutamyl-beta napthylamide

33
Q

PRODUCT MEASURED IN THE CHROMOGENIC METHOD

A

GOLDBERG METHOD
LIBERATED BETA-NAPTHYLAMIDE

34
Q

METHOD THAT MEASURE THE AMOUNT OF LIBERATED BETA-NAPTHYLAMIDE

A

GOLDBERG METHOD

35
Q

ADVANTAGE OF THE PERSIJN AND VAN DER SILK METHOD

A

CAN DIRECTLY PRODUCE ITS OWN CHROMOGEN

36
Q

PROPERTIES OF THE SUBSTRATE IN THE PERSIJN AND VAN DER SILK METHOD

A

HIGHLY SOLUBLE
ADAPTS TO ANY EQUIPMENT FOR THE AUTOMATED ASSAY OF GGT

37
Q

METHOD WITH A SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION SLIGHTLY HIGHER THAN THE SZASZ METHOD

A

PERSIJN AND VAN DER SILK METHOD

38
Q

METHOD THAT USES L-gamma-glutamyl-3-carboxy-4-nitroanilide

A

SZASZ AND ROSALKI METHOD (??)
PERSIJN AND VAN DER SILK METHOD (??)

39
Q

INTERFERENCES THAT CAUSE FALSE INCREASED RESULTS

A

HEPARIN
DRUGS
— BARBITURATE
— PHENYTOIN
— ANTICONVULSANT DRUGS

40
Q

INTERFERENCES THAT CAUSE FALSE DECREASED RESULTS

A

CITRATE
OXALATE
FLUORIDE
HEMOGLOBIN

41
Q

CITRATE, OXALATE, AND HEPARIN DECREASE GGT CONCENTRATIONS BY HOW MANY PERCENT?

42
Q

WHAT SUBSTANCE CAUSES MINIMAL DEPRESSION IN GGT ACTIVITY

A

HEMOGLOBIN

43
Q

AMOUNT OF HEMOGLOBIN THAT CAUSES MINIMAL DEPRESSION IN GGT

A

100-500 mg/dL

44
Q

HEPARIN EFFECTS ON SAMPLE

A

TURBIDITY
FALSE INCREASE IN RESULTS

45
Q

WHAT SUBSTANCES DEPRESS GGT ACTIVITY BY 10-15%

A

CITRATE
OXALATE
FLUORIDE

46
Q

BY HOW MANY PERCENT DOES HEMOGLOBIN DEPRESS GGT ACTIVTY?

A

APPROXIMATELY 5-7%

47
Q

FOR HOW LONG IS SERUM GGT STABLE

A

AT LEAST 8 HOURS AT RT
1 HOUR AT 4C
1 YEAR AT -20C

48
Q

DRUGS THAT FALSELY INCREASE GGT LEVELS

A

BARBITUATE
PHENYTOIN
ANTICONVULSANTS

49
Q

VOLUME OF BILIRUBIN THAT EXHIBITS NEGLIGIBLE INTERERENCE

50
Q

PERCENTAGE OF NEGLIGIBLE INTERFERENCE CAUSED BY BILIRUBIN

51
Q

[Assay]
PREWARM TIME AND TEMPERATURE

A

3 MINUTES
37C

52
Q

[Assay]
AMOUNT OF DISTILLED WATER AND REAGENT

53
Q

[Assay]
INCUBATION TIME AND TEMPERATURE

A

30 SECONDS
37C

54
Q

[Assay]
INCUBATION TIME AND TEMPERATURE IN BETWEEN READINGS

A

1 MINUTE
37C

55
Q

VOLUME OF PATIENT SERUM

56
Q

[Assay]
WAVELENGTH

57
Q

[Assay]
EXPECTED VALUES

A

MEN: UP TO 40 IU/L
WOMEN: UP TO 30 IU/L

58
Q

SI UNIT CONVERSION FACTOR

A

16.67 nKat/L

59
Q

VOLUME OF y-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide

60
Q

VOLUME OF GLYCYLGLYCINE

61
Q

LINEARITY

62
Q

TROUBLESHOOTING SAMPLES ABOVE THE LINEARITY

A

DILUTE 1:1 WITH 0.9% SALINE
REASSAY
MULTIPLY RESULTS WITH 2

63
Q

SENSITIVITY

A

0.02 mg/dL

64
Q

[Assay]
RECONSTITUTED REAGENT COMPONENTS

A

POWDERED REAGENT
15 mL

65
Q

MULTIPLIER

66
Q

ABSORBANCE TREND

A

INCREASING

67
Q

EC CODE OF GGT

68
Q

[Assay]
NUMBER OF READINGS

69
Q

CLINICAL CONDITIONS

A

HEPATOBILIARY DISORDERS
ENZYME-INDUCTING DRUGS
ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS
DIABETES MELLITUS
ACUTE PANCREATITIS AND PROSTATIC DISORDERS
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 (10 decks)

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