[LAB] AMY Flashcards
FIRST METHOD USED TO QUANTITATE AMY
IODOMETRIC METHOD
WOHLEGEMUTH IN 1908
METHOD USED TO STANDARDIZE THE AMOUN OF STARCH AND IODINE
SOMOGYI METHOD
METHOD THAT USED THE SOMOGYI METHOD AS A BASIS
AMYLOCLASTIC IN 1956
SACCHAROGENIC IN 1908
[DISADVANTAGE]
SOMOGYI METHOD
LONG INCUBATION TIMES
ENDOGENOUS GLUCOSE INTERFERENCE
UNSTABLE REACTION COLORS
POOR REPRODUCIBILITY AND RELIABILITY
METHOD THAT REPRESENT SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT IN AMY MEASUREMENT
MALTOTETRAOSE AS SUBSTRATE METHOD
[DISADVANTAGE]
MALTOTETRAOSE AS SUBSTRATE METHOD
SUBJECT TO RELATIVELY LONG PREINCUBATION TIMES
ENDOGENOUS GLUCOSE INTERFERENCE
FORMATION OF NADH INTERFERENCE
SUBSTRATE USED BY WALLENFELS
P-NITROPHENYLGLYCOSIDE
[METHOD]
USES P-NITROPHENYLGLYCOSIDES AS SUBSTRATES
WALLENFELS
[METHOD]
USES P-NITROPHYENYL-D-MALTOHEPTAOSIDE
MODIFIED WALLENFELS
SUBSTRATE USED BY THE MODIFIED WALLENFELS METHOD
P-NITROPHENYL-D-MALTOHEPTAOSIDE
INTERFERENCES ELIMINATED BY THE WALLENFELS METHOD
ENDOGENOUS GLUCOSE INTERFERENCES
PYRUVATE INTERFERENCES
[METHOD]
ELIMINATES THE INTERFERENCES CAUSED BY ENDOGENOUS GLUCOSE AND PYRUVATE
WALLENFELS METHOD
[MODIFIED WALLENFELS METHOD]
PART OF THE MOLECULE BOCKED TO REDUCE SPONTANEOUS DEGRADATION OF THE SUBSTRATE
TERMINAL GLUCOSE
SUBSTANCE THAT SPONTANEOUSLY DEGRADES THE SUBSTRATE IN THE MODIFIED WALLENFELS METHOD
GLUCOSIDASE
GLUCOAMYLASE
EFFECT OF GLUCOSIDASE AND GLUCOAMYLASE ON SUBSTRATES
SPONTANEOUS DEGRADATION
[ADVANTAGES]
WALLENFELS METHOD
VERY SHORT LAG TIME
GREATER STABILITY
THE DETERMINATION OF AMY ACTIVITY IS COMMONLY PERFORMED IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF WHAT CONDITION
ACUTE PANCREATITIS
WHAT CAN BE OBSERVED IN AMY LEVELS OF A PATIENT WITH ACUTE PANCREATITIS
AMY LEVELS ELEVATED FOR LONGER PERIODS IN URINE THAN IN SERUM
WHAT IS AN IMPORTANT MEASUREMENT TO DETERMINE WHEN FOLLOWING THE COURSE OF PANCREATITIS
RATIO OF THE AMY AND CREATININE CLEARANCES
STATE THE PRINCIPLE OF AMY ASSAYS
PNPG7 —AMY (pH 6.9-7.0)—> PNPG3 + MALTOTETRAOSE
PNPG3 —GLUCOAMYLASE—>PNPG1 + GLUCOSE
PNPG1 —GLUCOSIDASE—> P-NITROPHENOL + GLUCOSE
PH AT WHICH AMY ACTS ON SUBSTRATES IN ASSAYS
PH 6.9-7.0
AMY HYDROLYZES ___ TO ___
PNPG7 TO PNPG3 + MALTOTETRAOSE
GLUCOAMYLASE HYDROLYZES ___ TO ___
PNPG3 TO PNPG1 + GLUCOSE
GLUCOSIDASE HYDROLYZES ___ TO ___
PNPG1 TO P-NITROPHENOL + GLUCOSE
ASSAY FOR AMY INVOLVES WHAT ISOENZYMES
BOTH SALIVARY AND PANCREATIC AMY
METHODS UNDER THE AMYLOCLASTIC METHOD
VISCOSIMETRIC
TURBIDIMETRIC
IODOMETRIC
NEPHELOMETRIC
[PRINCIPLE]
VISCOSIMETRIC
HYDROLYSIS OF STARCH
DISRUPTION OF THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE REDUCES VISCOSITY
INSTRUMENT USED TO MEASURE THE CHANGE IN THE FLOW RATE OF STARCH
VISCOSIMETER
FUNCTION OF THE VISCOSIMETER
TO MEASURE THE CHANGE IN FLOW RATE OF STARCH AFTER HYDROLYSIS
RELATIONSHOP OF AMY ACTIVITY TO TIME REQUIRED TO REDUCE THE ORIGINAL VISCOSITY OF STARCH
DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
PRINCIPLE OF THE END PRODUCT OF THE VISCOSIMETRIC METHOD
AMY ACTIVITY IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE TIME OR AMOUNT OF ENZYME IN A FIXED TIME, REQUIRED TO REDUCE THE ORIGINAL VISCOSITY OF THE STARCH SOLUTION BY A FIXED PERCENTAGE
[DISADVANTAGES]
VISCOSIMETRIC METHOD
VERY INACCURATE
HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON THE NATURE OF THE STARCH SUBSTRATE
UNSUITABLE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF LOW AMYLASE ACTIVITIES
[PRINCIPLE]
TURBIDIMETRIC METHOD
DECREASE IN ABSORBANCE OF A TURBID STARCH SUBSTRATE IS DUE TO THE REDUCTION IN THE STARCH GRANULE SIZE
[DISADVANTAGE]
TURBIDIMETRIC METHOD
POOR PRECISION AT NEAR NORMAL ACTIVITY OF AMY
INADEQUATE SUBSTRATE STABILITY
NOT LINEARLY RELATED TO AMY ACTIVITY
IS TURBIDIMETRIC CHANGE LINEARLY RELATED TO AMY ACTIVITY
NO
EXCEPTION AT WHICH TURBIDIMETRIC CHANGE IS LINEARLY RELATED TO AMY ACTIVITY
FIRST TWO MINUTES OF THE REACTION
END PRODUCT OF THE TURBIDIMETRIC METHOD
DECREASE IN ABSORBANCE
[PRINCIPLE]
IODOMETRIC
TIME REQUIRED FOR AMY TO HYDROLYZE IODINE-BOUND STARCH
WHAT INDICATES THE END POINT OF THE IODOMETRIC METHOD
ABSENCE OF THE BLUE STARCH-IODINE COLOR
END PRODUCT OF THE IODOMETRIC METHOD
ABSENCE OF THE BLUE STARCH-IODINE COLOR
RELATIONSHIP OF AMY ACTIVITY AMD THE INTENSITY OF COLOR
DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
CAN THE REDUCTION OF COLOR OVER A FIXED TIME ALSO BE MEASURED IN THE IODOMETRIC METHOD
YES
COLOR FORMED BY AMY WHEN IT REACTS WITH IODINE
BLUE
COLOR FORMED BY AMYLOPECTIN WHEN IT REACTS WITH IODINE
WEAK RED COLOR
WHEN CAN A BLUE COLOR BE OBTAINED IN THE IODOMETRIC METHOD
WHEN THE OVERALL CHAIN LENGTH OF AMY IS GREATER THAN 45 GLUCOSE UNITS
[DISADVANTAGES]
IODOMETRIC
AMY HAS GREATER ACTIVITY IN HYDROLYZING AMYLOPECTIN
STARCHES OF DIFFERENT ORIGIN VARY IN THEIR PROPORTIONS
AMY DOES NOT ACT UNDER SUBSTRATE SATURATION CONDITIONS
INTERFERENCE FROM PROTEINS (ALBUMIN) AND LIPIDS
[PRINCIPLE]
NEPHELOMETRIC
REDUCTION OF LIGHT-SCATTERING OF STARCH SUBSTRATE BY AMY ACTIVITY
[ADVANTAGES]
NEPHELOMETRIC
SIMPLE, FAST, PRECISE
FOLLOWS ZERO-ORDER KINETICS
SUITABLE FOR EMERGENCY PURPOSES
RESULTS WITHIN 3 MINUTES WITH DIRECT READ OUT
MINIMAL BENCH WORKING TIME AND MANIPULATION
SAMPLE BLANKING NOT REQUIRED
[DISADVANTAGES]
NEPHELOMETRIC
NEED SPECIAL INSTRUMENT
REQUIRE PREPARATION OF STABLE COLLAGENOUS STARCH
NEED AMYLOPECTIN SUBSTRATE SUSPENSIONS
USES ARBITRARY STANDARDS
METHOD SUITABLE FOR EMERGENCY PURPOSES
NEPHELOMETRIC
TIME PERIOD FOR THE AVAILABILITY FO RESULTS IN THE NEPHELOMETRIC METHOD
LESS THAN THREE MINUTES
CALIBRATION AGAINST OTHER METHODS
ARBITRARY STANDARDS USED IN THE NEPHELOMETRIC METHOD
FORMAZINE
OTHER TERM FOR SECONDARY STANDARDS
CALIBRATORS
[PRINCIPLE]
SACCHAROGENIC METHOD
HYDROLYSIS OF STARCH BY AMY TO PRODUCE CARBOHYDRATES THAT HAVE REDUCING PROPERTIES
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE AMOUNT OF REDUCING SUGAR AND THE ACTIVITY OF AMY
DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
METHOD THAT USES SOMOGYI UNITS TO EXPRESS RESULTS
SACCHAROGENIC METHOD
WHAT RESULT DOES THE SOMOGYI UNIT EXPRESS
NUMBER OF MILLIGRAMS OF GLUCOSE RELEASED IN 30 MINUTES AT 37C
CONVERSION FACTOR OF SOMOGYI TO IU/L
1.85
[PRINCIPLE]
CHROMOGENIC METHOD
STARCH BOUND TO A DYE IS HYDROLYZED BY AMY
DYE-SUBSTRATE FRAGMENTS ARE RELEASED
TEMPERATURE AND TIME CONDITION USED TO RELEASE GLUCOSE IN THE SACCHAROGENIC METHOD
30 MINUTES AT 37C
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COLOR INTENSITY OF THE DYE-SUBSTRATE SOLUTION AND AMY ACTIVITY
DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
[PRINCIPLE]
FLUOROGENIC METHOD
FLUOROGENIC SUBSTRATE IS MEASURED
METHOD USED TO MEASURE AMY IN THE FLUOROGENIC METHOD
HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
WHAT AMY ISOENZYME PRODUCES A GREATER AMOUNT OF SUBSTITUTED OLIGOSACCHARIDE IN THE FLUOROGENIC METHOD
PANCREATIC > SALIVARY
BASIS OF THE DIFFERENTIAL ASSAY FOR IOSAMYLASES IN HUMAN SERUM
THE GREATER PRODUCTION OF SUBSTITUTED OLIGOSACCHARIDES BY PANCREATIC AMY COMPARED TO SALIVARY AMY
WHY ARE SMALLER MOLECULES LESS POLARIZED IN THE FD METHOD
THEY ROTATE FASTER THAN THE INTACT SUBSTRATE
BASIS OF THE ABBOTT TDX AMYLASE METHOD
FD METHOD
[ADVANTAGE]
FLUORESCENCE DEPOLARIZATION METHOD
SIMPLE AND SENSITIVE DIRECT ASSAY
[DISADVANTAGE]
FLUORESCENCE DEPOLARIZATION METHOD
REQUIRES SPECIAL INSTRUMENTS
[PRINCIPLE]
RADIOMETRIC METHOD
RADIO LABELED STARCH SUBSTRATES ARE HYDROLYZED BY AMY TO RELEASE FREE RADIOISOTOPES
RELATIONSHIP OF THE RELEASED FREE ISOTOPE WITH AMY ACTIVITY
DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
[PRINCIPLE]
IMMUNOLOGIC METHOD
USE OF POLYCLONAL AB PRODUCED AGAINST SALIVARY OR PANCREATIC AMY AS AG
METHOD USED FOR TOTAL AMY MEASUREMENT
IMMUNOLOGIC METHOD
[OTHER ASSAYS]
MEASURES THE CHANGE IN ABS OF NAD AT 340 NM
ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE HEXOKINASE G6PD SYSTEM
[OTHER ASSAYS]
YIELDS REDUCED GLYCOSIDE SUBSTRATE FRAGMENTS
USE OF 5 ETHYLIDENE 4 NITROPHENYL GLYCOSIDES AS SUBSTRATE
REDUCED GLYCOSIDE SUBSTRATE FRAGMENTS PRODUCED BY THE HYDROLYSIS OF ETHYLIDENE 4 NITROPHENYL GLYCOSIDE
2,4 NP-G2
2,4 NP-G3
THE CATALYSIS OF 2,4 NP G2/G3 FORMS WHAT PRODUCT
4,4 NITROPHENYL
LIBERATION OF 10 GLYCOSIDE FRAGMENTS
END PRODUCT OF THE METHOD THAT USES 5 ETHYLIDENE 4 NITROPHENYL GLYCOSIDE
LIBERATION OF NITROPHENYL
TEMPERATURE AT WHICH THE IFCC METHOD HAS OPTIMIZED THE 5 ETHYLIDENE 4 NITROPHENYL GLYCOSIDE METHOD
37C
IFCC RECOMMENDED REFERENCE METHOD FOR AMY DETERMINATION
5 ETHYLIDENE 4 NITROPHENYL GLYCOSIDE METHOD
ASSAY THAT DOES NOT REQUIRE GLUCOSIDASES
2 CHLORO P NITROPHENYL ALPHA D MALTOTRIOSIDE
[DISADVANTAGES]
USE OF 2 CHLORO P NITROPHENYL ALPHA D MALTOTRIOSIDE
SLOW REACTION RATE
PRESENCE OF POTASSIUM THIOCYANATE CAUSING ALLOSTERIC CHANGES
WHAT MUST BE SEPARATED AFTER VLOOD COLLECTION
SERUM MUST BE SEPARATED FROM THE CLOT
WHAT KIND OF SAMPLE SHOULD BE USED
NON HEMOLYZED SERUM
HEPARINIZED PLASMA
ANTICOAGULANTS THAT WOULD CAUSE INTERFERENCES
CITRATE
OXALATE
EDTA
WHY SHOULDN’T CITRATE, OXALATE, OR EDTA BE USED
THEY BIND TO CALCIUM
CALCIUM IS NEEDED FOR AMY ACTIVITY
LOWER AMY ACTIVITY
BY HOW MANY PERCENT DOES EDTA LOWER AMY ACTIVITY
10%
TIME PERIOD FOR URINE SPECIMEN COLLECTION
24 HOURS
PH AT WHICH URINE SAMPLES MUST BE ADJUSTED TO
PH 7
SOLUTIONS USED TO ADJUST THE PH OF URINE SAMPLES
0.1 NaOH
0.1 HCl
STORAGE CONDITION OF URINE SAMPLES UNTIL ASSAYS CAN BE PERFORMED
REFRIGERATE UNTIL ASSAYED
STABILITY OF AMY IN SERUM AND URINE
1 WEEK AT RT
SEVERAL MONTHS AT 2-8C
EFFECT OF LOW PH ON URINE SAMPLES
FALSE DECREASE
DECREASED STABILITY
PH AT WHICH URINE SAMPLE STABILITY DECREASES
PH 5
EFFECT OF MACROAMYLASEMIA IN SERUM
FALSE INCREASE
INCREASE PANCREATIC AMY IN SERUM
EFFECT OF LIPEMIA ON RESULTS
FALSE INCREASE
CONCENTRATION AT WHICH BILIRUBIN CAUSES INTERFERENCE TO AMY SAMPLES
> 20 MG/DL
EFFECT OF BILIRUBIN ON AMY ACTIVITY
FALSE INCREASE
>20 MG/DL
EFFECT OF INSULIN ON AMY ACTIVITY
INCREASE
DRUGS THAT INCREASE AMY ACTIVITY
MORPHINE
OPIATES
EFFECT OF MORPHINE AND OPIATES ON AMY ACTIVITY
FALSE INCREASE
WHAT DOES SALIVA AND SWEAT CONTAIN
ALPHA-AMYLASE
MAJOR ISOENZYMES OF AMY
PANCREATIC
SALIVARY
METHODS USED TO DIFFERENTIATE THE ISOENZYMES OF AMY
ELECTROPHORESIS
ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY
ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING
SELECTIVE INHIBITION OF S-AMY BY A WHEAT GERM INHIBITOR
IMMUNOPRECIPITATION
IMMUNE-INHIBITION
PRECISE, RELIABLE, PRACTICAL, AND ANALITICALLY FAST METHOD USED TO DETERMINE P-AMY
SELECTIVE ISOENZYME INHIBITION BY MONOCLONAL AB
METHOD THAT USES THE SYNERGISTIC ACTION OF TWO IMMUNOINHIBITORY MONOCLONAL AB TO S-AMY
DOUBLE MONOCLONAL AB ASSAY
___ IS MEASURED AFTER THE INHIBITION OF ___ BY ___
UNINHIBITED P-AMY
S-AMY
AB
SUBSTRATE USED TO MEASURE UNINHIBITED P-AMY IN THE DOUBLE MONOCLONAL AB ASSAY
EPS-4-NP-G7
ACCR MEANING
AMYLASE-CREATININE CLEARANCE RATIO
INDEX USED TO SCREEN FOR ACUTE PANCREATITIS
ACCR
ACCR IS USED FOR WHAT CONDITION
SCREENING FOR ACUTE PANCREATITIS
[DISADVANTAGE]
ACCR
INSENSITIVE
LESS SPECIFIC FOR PATIENTS WITH ACUTE PANCREATITIS
IN WHAT CLINICAL CONDITION IS THE ACCR INCREASED
DIABETES KETOACIDOSIS
RENAL INSUFFICIENCY
SEVERE BURNS
