[LAB] AMY Flashcards
1
Q
FIRST METHOD USED TO QUANTITATE AMY
A
IODOMETRIC METHOD
WOHLEGEMUTH IN 1908
2
Q
METHOD USED TO STANDARDIZE THE AMOUN OF STARCH AND IODINE
A
SOMOGYI METHOD
3
Q
METHOD THAT USED THE SOMOGYI METHOD AS A BASIS
A
AMYLOCLASTIC IN 1956
SACCHAROGENIC IN 1908
4
Q
[DISADVANTAGE]
SOMOGYI METHOD
A
LONG INCUBATION TIMES
ENDOGENOUS GLUCOSE INTERFERENCE
UNSTABLE REACTION COLORS
POOR REPRODUCIBILITY AND RELIABILITY
5
Q
METHOD THAT REPRESENT SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT IN AMY MEASUREMENT
A
MALTOTETRAOSE AS SUBSTRATE METHOD
6
Q
[DISADVANTAGE]
MALTOTETRAOSE AS SUBSTRATE METHOD
A
SUBJECT TO RELATIVELY LONG PREINCUBATION TIMES
ENDOGENOUS GLUCOSE INTERFERENCE
FORMATION OF NADH INTERFERENCE
7
Q
SUBSTRATE USED BY WALLENFELS
A
P-NITROPHENYLGLYCOSIDE
8
Q
[METHOD]
USES P-NITROPHENYLGLYCOSIDES AS SUBSTRATES
A
WALLENFELS
9
Q
[METHOD]
USES P-NITROPHYENYL-D-MALTOHEPTAOSIDE
A
MODIFIED WALLENFELS
10
Q
SUBSTRATE USED BY THE MODIFIED WALLENFELS METHOD
A
P-NITROPHENYL-D-MALTOHEPTAOSIDE
11
Q
INTERFERENCES ELIMINATED BY THE WALLENFELS METHOD
A
ENDOGENOUS GLUCOSE INTERFERENCES
PYRUVATE INTERFERENCES
12
Q
[METHOD]
ELIMINATES THE INTERFERENCES CAUSED BY ENDOGENOUS GLUCOSE AND PYRUVATE
A
WALLENFELS METHOD
13
Q
[MODIFIED WALLENFELS METHOD]
PART OF THE MOLECULE BOCKED TO REDUCE SPONTANEOUS DEGRADATION OF THE SUBSTRATE
A
TERMINAL GLUCOSE
14
Q
SUBSTANCE THAT SPONTANEOUSLY DEGRADES THE SUBSTRATE IN THE MODIFIED WALLENFELS METHOD
A
GLUCOSIDASE
GLUCOAMYLASE
15
Q
EFFECT OF GLUCOSIDASE AND GLUCOAMYLASE ON SUBSTRATES
A
SPONTANEOUS DEGRADATION
16
Q
[ADVANTAGES]
WALLENFELS METHOD
A
VERY SHORT LAG TIME
GREATER STABILITY
17
Q
THE DETERMINATION OF AMY ACTIVITY IS COMMONLY PERFORMED IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF WHAT CONDITION
A
ACUTE PANCREATITIS
18
Q
WHAT CAN BE OBSERVED IN AMY LEVELS OF A PATIENT WITH ACUTE PANCREATITIS
A
AMY LEVELS ELEVATED FOR LONGER PERIODS IN URINE THAN IN SERUM
19
Q
WHAT IS AN IMPORTANT MEASUREMENT TO DETERMINE WHEN FOLLOWING THE COURSE OF PANCREATITIS
A
RATIO OF THE AMY AND CREATININE CLEARANCES
20
Q
STATE THE PRINCIPLE OF AMY ASSAYS
A
PNPG7 —AMY (pH 6.9-7.0)—> PNPG3 + MALTOTETRAOSE
PNPG3 —GLUCOAMYLASE—>PNPG1 + GLUCOSE
PNPG1 —GLUCOSIDASE—> P-NITROPHENOL + GLUCOSE
21
Q
PH AT WHICH AMY ACTS ON SUBSTRATES IN ASSAYS
A
PH 6.9-7.0
22
Q
AMY HYDROLYZES ___ TO ___
A
PNPG7 TO PNPG3 + MALTOTETRAOSE
23
Q
GLUCOAMYLASE HYDROLYZES ___ TO ___
A
PNPG3 TO PNPG1 + GLUCOSE
24
Q
GLUCOSIDASE HYDROLYZES ___ TO ___
A
PNPG1 TO P-NITROPHENOL + GLUCOSE
25
ASSAY FOR AMY INVOLVES WHAT ISOENZYMES
BOTH SALIVARY AND PANCREATIC AMY
26
METHODS UNDER THE AMYLOCLASTIC METHOD
VISCOSIMETRIC
TURBIDIMETRIC
IODOMETRIC
NEPHELOMETRIC
27
[PRINCIPLE]
VISCOSIMETRIC
HYDROLYSIS OF STARCH
DISRUPTION OF THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE REDUCES VISCOSITY
28
INSTRUMENT USED TO MEASURE THE CHANGE IN THE FLOW RATE OF STARCH
VISCOSIMETER
29
FUNCTION OF THE VISCOSIMETER
TO MEASURE THE CHANGE IN FLOW RATE OF STARCH AFTER HYDROLYSIS
30
RELATIONSHOP OF AMY ACTIVITY TO TIME REQUIRED TO REDUCE THE ORIGINAL VISCOSITY OF STARCH
DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
31
PRINCIPLE OF THE END PRODUCT OF THE VISCOSIMETRIC METHOD
AMY ACTIVITY IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE TIME OR AMOUNT OF ENZYME IN A FIXED TIME, REQUIRED TO REDUCE THE ORIGINAL VISCOSITY OF THE STARCH SOLUTION BY A FIXED PERCENTAGE
32
[DISADVANTAGES]
VISCOSIMETRIC METHOD
VERY INACCURATE
HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON THE NATURE OF THE STARCH SUBSTRATE
UNSUITABLE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF LOW AMYLASE ACTIVITIES
33
[PRINCIPLE]
TURBIDIMETRIC METHOD
DECREASE IN ABSORBANCE OF A TURBID STARCH SUBSTRATE IS DUE TO THE REDUCTION IN THE STARCH GRANULE SIZE
34
[DISADVANTAGE]
TURBIDIMETRIC METHOD
POOR PRECISION AT NEAR NORMAL ACTIVITY OF AMY
INADEQUATE SUBSTRATE STABILITY
NOT LINEARLY RELATED TO AMY ACTIVITY
35
IS TURBIDIMETRIC CHANGE LINEARLY RELATED TO AMY ACTIVITY
NO
36
EXCEPTION AT WHICH TURBIDIMETRIC CHANGE IS LINEARLY RELATED TO AMY ACTIVITY
FIRST TWO MINUTES OF THE REACTION
37
END PRODUCT OF THE TURBIDIMETRIC METHOD
DECREASE IN ABSORBANCE
38
[PRINCIPLE]
IODOMETRIC
TIME REQUIRED FOR AMY TO HYDROLYZE IODINE-BOUND STARCH
39
WHAT INDICATES THE END POINT OF THE IODOMETRIC METHOD
ABSENCE OF THE BLUE STARCH-IODINE COLOR
40
END PRODUCT OF THE IODOMETRIC METHOD
ABSENCE OF THE BLUE STARCH-IODINE COLOR
41
RELATIONSHIP OF AMY ACTIVITY AMD THE INTENSITY OF COLOR
DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
42
CAN THE REDUCTION OF COLOR OVER A FIXED TIME ALSO BE MEASURED IN THE IODOMETRIC METHOD
YES
43
COLOR FORMED BY AMY WHEN IT REACTS WITH IODINE
BLUE
44
COLOR FORMED BY AMYLOPECTIN WHEN IT REACTS WITH IODINE
WEAK RED COLOR
45
WHEN CAN A BLUE COLOR BE OBTAINED IN THE IODOMETRIC METHOD
WHEN THE OVERALL CHAIN LENGTH OF AMY IS GREATER THAN 45 GLUCOSE UNITS
46
[DISADVANTAGES]
IODOMETRIC
AMY HAS GREATER ACTIVITY IN HYDROLYZING AMYLOPECTIN
STARCHES OF DIFFERENT ORIGIN VARY IN THEIR PROPORTIONS
AMY DOES NOT ACT UNDER SUBSTRATE SATURATION CONDITIONS
INTERFERENCE FROM PROTEINS (ALBUMIN) AND LIPIDS
47
[PRINCIPLE]
NEPHELOMETRIC
REDUCTION OF LIGHT-SCATTERING OF STARCH SUBSTRATE BY AMY ACTIVITY
48
[ADVANTAGES]
NEPHELOMETRIC
SIMPLE, FAST, PRECISE
FOLLOWS ZERO-ORDER KINETICS
SUITABLE FOR EMERGENCY PURPOSES
RESULTS WITHIN 3 MINUTES WITH DIRECT READ OUT
MINIMAL BENCH WORKING TIME AND MANIPULATION
SAMPLE BLANKING NOT REQUIRED
49
[DISADVANTAGES]
NEPHELOMETRIC
NEED SPECIAL INSTRUMENT
REQUIRE PREPARATION OF STABLE COLLAGENOUS STARCH
NEED AMYLOPECTIN SUBSTRATE SUSPENSIONS
USES ARBITRARY STANDARDS
50
METHOD SUITABLE FOR EMERGENCY PURPOSES
NEPHELOMETRIC
51
TIME PERIOD FOR THE AVAILABILITY FO RESULTS IN THE NEPHELOMETRIC METHOD
LESS THAN THREE MINUTES
CALIBRATION AGAINST OTHER METHODS
52
ARBITRARY STANDARDS USED IN THE NEPHELOMETRIC METHOD
FORMAZINE
53
OTHER TERM FOR SECONDARY STANDARDS
CALIBRATORS
54
[PRINCIPLE]
SACCHAROGENIC METHOD
HYDROLYSIS OF STARCH BY AMY TO PRODUCE CARBOHYDRATES THAT HAVE REDUCING PROPERTIES
55
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE AMOUNT OF REDUCING SUGAR AND THE ACTIVITY OF AMY
DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
56
METHOD THAT USES SOMOGYI UNITS TO EXPRESS RESULTS
SACCHAROGENIC METHOD
57
WHAT RESULT DOES THE SOMOGYI UNIT EXPRESS
NUMBER OF MILLIGRAMS OF GLUCOSE RELEASED IN 30 MINUTES AT 37C
58
CONVERSION FACTOR OF SOMOGYI TO IU/L
1.85
59
[PRINCIPLE]
CHROMOGENIC METHOD
STARCH BOUND TO A DYE IS HYDROLYZED BY AMY
DYE-SUBSTRATE FRAGMENTS ARE RELEASED
60
TEMPERATURE AND TIME CONDITION USED TO RELEASE GLUCOSE IN THE SACCHAROGENIC METHOD
30 MINUTES AT 37C
61
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COLOR INTENSITY OF THE DYE-SUBSTRATE SOLUTION AND AMY ACTIVITY
DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
62
[PRINCIPLE]
FLUOROGENIC METHOD
FLUOROGENIC SUBSTRATE IS MEASURED
63
METHOD USED TO MEASURE AMY IN THE FLUOROGENIC METHOD
HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
64
WHAT AMY ISOENZYME PRODUCES A GREATER AMOUNT OF SUBSTITUTED OLIGOSACCHARIDE IN THE FLUOROGENIC METHOD
PANCREATIC > SALIVARY
65
BASIS OF THE DIFFERENTIAL ASSAY FOR IOSAMYLASES IN HUMAN SERUM
THE GREATER PRODUCTION OF SUBSTITUTED OLIGOSACCHARIDES BY PANCREATIC AMY COMPARED TO SALIVARY AMY
66
WHY ARE SMALLER MOLECULES LESS POLARIZED IN THE FD METHOD
THEY ROTATE FASTER THAN THE INTACT SUBSTRATE
67
BASIS OF THE ABBOTT TDX AMYLASE METHOD
FD METHOD
68
[ADVANTAGE]
FLUORESCENCE DEPOLARIZATION METHOD
SIMPLE AND SENSITIVE DIRECT ASSAY
69
[DISADVANTAGE]
FLUORESCENCE DEPOLARIZATION METHOD
REQUIRES SPECIAL INSTRUMENTS
70
[PRINCIPLE]
RADIOMETRIC METHOD
RADIO LABELED STARCH SUBSTRATES ARE HYDROLYZED BY AMY TO RELEASE FREE RADIOISOTOPES
71
RELATIONSHIP OF THE RELEASED FREE ISOTOPE WITH AMY ACTIVITY
DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
72
[PRINCIPLE]
IMMUNOLOGIC METHOD
USE OF POLYCLONAL AB PRODUCED AGAINST SALIVARY OR PANCREATIC AMY AS AG
73
METHOD USED FOR TOTAL AMY MEASUREMENT
IMMUNOLOGIC METHOD
74
[OTHER ASSAYS]
MEASURES THE CHANGE IN ABS OF NAD AT 340 NM
ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE HEXOKINASE G6PD SYSTEM
75
[OTHER ASSAYS]
YIELDS REDUCED GLYCOSIDE SUBSTRATE FRAGMENTS
USE OF 5 ETHYLIDENE 4 NITROPHENYL GLYCOSIDES AS SUBSTRATE
76
REDUCED GLYCOSIDE SUBSTRATE FRAGMENTS PRODUCED BY THE HYDROLYSIS OF ETHYLIDENE 4 NITROPHENYL GLYCOSIDE
2,4 NP-G2
2,4 NP-G3
77
THE CATALYSIS OF 2,4 NP G2/G3 FORMS WHAT PRODUCT
4,4 NITROPHENYL
LIBERATION OF 10 GLYCOSIDE FRAGMENTS
78
END PRODUCT OF THE METHOD THAT USES 5 ETHYLIDENE 4 NITROPHENYL GLYCOSIDE
LIBERATION OF NITROPHENYL
79
TEMPERATURE AT WHICH THE IFCC METHOD HAS OPTIMIZED THE 5 ETHYLIDENE 4 NITROPHENYL GLYCOSIDE METHOD
37C
80
IFCC RECOMMENDED REFERENCE METHOD FOR AMY DETERMINATION
5 ETHYLIDENE 4 NITROPHENYL GLYCOSIDE METHOD
81
ASSAY THAT DOES NOT REQUIRE GLUCOSIDASES
2 CHLORO P NITROPHENYL ALPHA D MALTOTRIOSIDE
82
[DISADVANTAGES]
USE OF 2 CHLORO P NITROPHENYL ALPHA D MALTOTRIOSIDE
SLOW REACTION RATE
PRESENCE OF POTASSIUM THIOCYANATE CAUSING ALLOSTERIC CHANGES
83
WHAT MUST BE SEPARATED AFTER VLOOD COLLECTION
SERUM MUST BE SEPARATED FROM THE CLOT
84
WHAT KIND OF SAMPLE SHOULD BE USED
NON HEMOLYZED SERUM
HEPARINIZED PLASMA
85
ANTICOAGULANTS THAT WOULD CAUSE INTERFERENCES
CITRATE
OXALATE
EDTA
86
WHY SHOULDN’T CITRATE, OXALATE, OR EDTA BE USED
THEY BIND TO CALCIUM
CALCIUM IS NEEDED FOR AMY ACTIVITY
LOWER AMY ACTIVITY
87
BY HOW MANY PERCENT DOES EDTA LOWER AMY ACTIVITY
10%
88
TIME PERIOD FOR URINE SPECIMEN COLLECTION
24 HOURS
89
PH AT WHICH URINE SAMPLES MUST BE ADJUSTED TO
PH 7
90
SOLUTIONS USED TO ADJUST THE PH OF URINE SAMPLES
0.1 NaOH
0.1 HCl
91
STORAGE CONDITION OF URINE SAMPLES UNTIL ASSAYS CAN BE PERFORMED
REFRIGERATE UNTIL ASSAYED
92
STABILITY OF AMY IN SERUM AND URINE
1 WEEK AT RT
SEVERAL MONTHS AT 2-8C
93
EFFECT OF LOW PH ON URINE SAMPLES
FALSE DECREASE
DECREASED STABILITY
94
PH AT WHICH URINE SAMPLE STABILITY DECREASES
PH 5
95
EFFECT OF MACROAMYLASEMIA IN SERUM
FALSE INCREASE
INCREASE PANCREATIC AMY IN SERUM
96
EFFECT OF LIPEMIA ON RESULTS
FALSE INCREASE
97
CONCENTRATION AT WHICH BILIRUBIN CAUSES INTERFERENCE TO AMY SAMPLES
>20 MG/DL
98
EFFECT OF BILIRUBIN ON AMY ACTIVITY
FALSE INCREASE
>20 MG/DL
99
EFFECT OF INSULIN ON AMY ACTIVITY
INCREASE
100
DRUGS THAT INCREASE AMY ACTIVITY
MORPHINE
OPIATES
101
EFFECT OF MORPHINE AND OPIATES ON AMY ACTIVITY
FALSE INCREASE
102
WHAT DOES SALIVA AND SWEAT CONTAIN
ALPHA-AMYLASE
103
MAJOR ISOENZYMES OF AMY
PANCREATIC
SALIVARY
104
METHODS USED TO DIFFERENTIATE THE ISOENZYMES OF AMY
ELECTROPHORESIS
ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY
ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING
SELECTIVE INHIBITION OF S-AMY BY A WHEAT GERM INHIBITOR
IMMUNOPRECIPITATION
IMMUNE-INHIBITION
105
PRECISE, RELIABLE, PRACTICAL, AND ANALITICALLY FAST METHOD USED TO DETERMINE P-AMY
SELECTIVE ISOENZYME INHIBITION BY MONOCLONAL AB
106
METHOD THAT USES THE SYNERGISTIC ACTION OF TWO IMMUNOINHIBITORY MONOCLONAL AB TO S-AMY
DOUBLE MONOCLONAL AB ASSAY
107
___ IS MEASURED AFTER THE INHIBITION OF ___ BY ___
UNINHIBITED P-AMY
S-AMY
AB
108
SUBSTRATE USED TO MEASURE UNINHIBITED P-AMY IN THE DOUBLE MONOCLONAL AB ASSAY
EPS-4-NP-G7
109
ACCR MEANING
AMYLASE-CREATININE CLEARANCE RATIO
110
INDEX USED TO SCREEN FOR ACUTE PANCREATITIS
ACCR
111
ACCR IS USED FOR WHAT CONDITION
SCREENING FOR ACUTE PANCREATITIS
112
[DISADVANTAGE]
ACCR
INSENSITIVE
LESS SPECIFIC FOR PATIENTS WITH ACUTE PANCREATITIS
113
IN WHAT CLINICAL CONDITION IS THE ACCR INCREASED
DIABETES KETOACIDOSIS
RENAL INSUFFICIENCY
SEVERE BURNS
