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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 > [LAB] AMY > Flashcards

[LAB] AMY Flashcards

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1
Q

FIRST METHOD USED TO QUANTITATE AMY

A

IODOMETRIC METHOD
WOHLEGEMUTH IN 1908

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2
Q

METHOD USED TO STANDARDIZE THE AMOUN OF STARCH AND IODINE

A

SOMOGYI METHOD

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3
Q

METHOD THAT USED THE SOMOGYI METHOD AS A BASIS

A

AMYLOCLASTIC IN 1956
SACCHAROGENIC IN 1908

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4
Q

[DISADVANTAGE]
SOMOGYI METHOD

A

LONG INCUBATION TIMES
ENDOGENOUS GLUCOSE INTERFERENCE
UNSTABLE REACTION COLORS
POOR REPRODUCIBILITY AND RELIABILITY

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5
Q

METHOD THAT REPRESENT SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT IN AMY MEASUREMENT

A

MALTOTETRAOSE AS SUBSTRATE METHOD

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6
Q

[DISADVANTAGE]
MALTOTETRAOSE AS SUBSTRATE METHOD

A

SUBJECT TO RELATIVELY LONG PREINCUBATION TIMES
ENDOGENOUS GLUCOSE INTERFERENCE
FORMATION OF NADH INTERFERENCE

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7
Q

SUBSTRATE USED BY WALLENFELS

A

P-NITROPHENYLGLYCOSIDE

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8
Q

[METHOD]
USES P-NITROPHENYLGLYCOSIDES AS SUBSTRATES

A

WALLENFELS

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9
Q

[METHOD]
USES P-NITROPHYENYL-D-MALTOHEPTAOSIDE

A

MODIFIED WALLENFELS

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10
Q

SUBSTRATE USED BY THE MODIFIED WALLENFELS METHOD

A

P-NITROPHENYL-D-MALTOHEPTAOSIDE

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11
Q

INTERFERENCES ELIMINATED BY THE WALLENFELS METHOD

A

ENDOGENOUS GLUCOSE INTERFERENCES
PYRUVATE INTERFERENCES

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12
Q

[METHOD]
ELIMINATES THE INTERFERENCES CAUSED BY ENDOGENOUS GLUCOSE AND PYRUVATE

A

WALLENFELS METHOD

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13
Q

[MODIFIED WALLENFELS METHOD]
PART OF THE MOLECULE BOCKED TO REDUCE SPONTANEOUS DEGRADATION OF THE SUBSTRATE

A

TERMINAL GLUCOSE

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14
Q

SUBSTANCE THAT SPONTANEOUSLY DEGRADES THE SUBSTRATE IN THE MODIFIED WALLENFELS METHOD

A

GLUCOSIDASE
GLUCOAMYLASE

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15
Q

EFFECT OF GLUCOSIDASE AND GLUCOAMYLASE ON SUBSTRATES

A

SPONTANEOUS DEGRADATION

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16
Q

[ADVANTAGES]
WALLENFELS METHOD

A

VERY SHORT LAG TIME
GREATER STABILITY

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17
Q

THE DETERMINATION OF AMY ACTIVITY IS COMMONLY PERFORMED IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF WHAT CONDITION

A

ACUTE PANCREATITIS

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18
Q

WHAT CAN BE OBSERVED IN AMY LEVELS OF A PATIENT WITH ACUTE PANCREATITIS

A

AMY LEVELS ELEVATED FOR LONGER PERIODS IN URINE THAN IN SERUM

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19
Q

WHAT IS AN IMPORTANT MEASUREMENT TO DETERMINE WHEN FOLLOWING THE COURSE OF PANCREATITIS

A

RATIO OF THE AMY AND CREATININE CLEARANCES

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20
Q

STATE THE PRINCIPLE OF AMY ASSAYS

A

PNPG7 —AMY (pH 6.9-7.0)—> PNPG3 + MALTOTETRAOSE
PNPG3 —GLUCOAMYLASE—>PNPG1 + GLUCOSE
PNPG1 —GLUCOSIDASE—> P-NITROPHENOL + GLUCOSE

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21
Q

PH AT WHICH AMY ACTS ON SUBSTRATES IN ASSAYS

A

PH 6.9-7.0

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22
Q

AMY HYDROLYZES ___ TO ___

A

PNPG7 TO PNPG3 + MALTOTETRAOSE

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23
Q

GLUCOAMYLASE HYDROLYZES ___ TO ___

A

PNPG3 TO PNPG1 + GLUCOSE

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24
Q

GLUCOSIDASE HYDROLYZES ___ TO ___

A

PNPG1 TO P-NITROPHENOL + GLUCOSE

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25
Q

ASSAY FOR AMY INVOLVES WHAT ISOENZYMES

A

BOTH SALIVARY AND PANCREATIC AMY

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26
Q

METHODS UNDER THE AMYLOCLASTIC METHOD

A

VISCOSIMETRIC
TURBIDIMETRIC
IODOMETRIC
NEPHELOMETRIC

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27
Q

[PRINCIPLE]
VISCOSIMETRIC

A

HYDROLYSIS OF STARCH
DISRUPTION OF THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE REDUCES VISCOSITY

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28
Q

INSTRUMENT USED TO MEASURE THE CHANGE IN THE FLOW RATE OF STARCH

A

VISCOSIMETER

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29
Q

FUNCTION OF THE VISCOSIMETER

A

TO MEASURE THE CHANGE IN FLOW RATE OF STARCH AFTER HYDROLYSIS

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30
Q

RELATIONSHOP OF AMY ACTIVITY TO TIME REQUIRED TO REDUCE THE ORIGINAL VISCOSITY OF STARCH

A

DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL

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31
Q

PRINCIPLE OF THE END PRODUCT OF THE VISCOSIMETRIC METHOD

A

AMY ACTIVITY IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE TIME OR AMOUNT OF ENZYME IN A FIXED TIME, REQUIRED TO REDUCE THE ORIGINAL VISCOSITY OF THE STARCH SOLUTION BY A FIXED PERCENTAGE

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32
Q

[DISADVANTAGES]
VISCOSIMETRIC METHOD

A

VERY INACCURATE
HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON THE NATURE OF THE STARCH SUBSTRATE
UNSUITABLE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF LOW AMYLASE ACTIVITIES

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33
Q

[PRINCIPLE]
TURBIDIMETRIC METHOD

A

DECREASE IN ABSORBANCE OF A TURBID STARCH SUBSTRATE IS DUE TO THE REDUCTION IN THE STARCH GRANULE SIZE

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34
Q

[DISADVANTAGE]
TURBIDIMETRIC METHOD

A

POOR PRECISION AT NEAR NORMAL ACTIVITY OF AMY
INADEQUATE SUBSTRATE STABILITY
NOT LINEARLY RELATED TO AMY ACTIVITY

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35
Q

IS TURBIDIMETRIC CHANGE LINEARLY RELATED TO AMY ACTIVITY

A

NO

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36
Q

EXCEPTION AT WHICH TURBIDIMETRIC CHANGE IS LINEARLY RELATED TO AMY ACTIVITY

A

FIRST TWO MINUTES OF THE REACTION

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37
Q

END PRODUCT OF THE TURBIDIMETRIC METHOD

A

DECREASE IN ABSORBANCE

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38
Q

[PRINCIPLE]
IODOMETRIC

A

TIME REQUIRED FOR AMY TO HYDROLYZE IODINE-BOUND STARCH

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39
Q

WHAT INDICATES THE END POINT OF THE IODOMETRIC METHOD

A

ABSENCE OF THE BLUE STARCH-IODINE COLOR

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40
Q

END PRODUCT OF THE IODOMETRIC METHOD

A

ABSENCE OF THE BLUE STARCH-IODINE COLOR

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41
Q

RELATIONSHIP OF AMY ACTIVITY AMD THE INTENSITY OF COLOR

A

DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL

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42
Q

CAN THE REDUCTION OF COLOR OVER A FIXED TIME ALSO BE MEASURED IN THE IODOMETRIC METHOD

A

YES

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43
Q

COLOR FORMED BY AMY WHEN IT REACTS WITH IODINE

A

BLUE

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44
Q

COLOR FORMED BY AMYLOPECTIN WHEN IT REACTS WITH IODINE

A

WEAK RED COLOR

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45
Q

WHEN CAN A BLUE COLOR BE OBTAINED IN THE IODOMETRIC METHOD

A

WHEN THE OVERALL CHAIN LENGTH OF AMY IS GREATER THAN 45 GLUCOSE UNITS

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46
Q

[DISADVANTAGES]
IODOMETRIC

A

AMY HAS GREATER ACTIVITY IN HYDROLYZING AMYLOPECTIN
STARCHES OF DIFFERENT ORIGIN VARY IN THEIR PROPORTIONS
AMY DOES NOT ACT UNDER SUBSTRATE SATURATION CONDITIONS
INTERFERENCE FROM PROTEINS (ALBUMIN) AND LIPIDS

47
Q

[PRINCIPLE]
NEPHELOMETRIC

A

REDUCTION OF LIGHT-SCATTERING OF STARCH SUBSTRATE BY AMY ACTIVITY

48
Q

[ADVANTAGES]
NEPHELOMETRIC

A

SIMPLE, FAST, PRECISE
FOLLOWS ZERO-ORDER KINETICS
SUITABLE FOR EMERGENCY PURPOSES
RESULTS WITHIN 3 MINUTES WITH DIRECT READ OUT
MINIMAL BENCH WORKING TIME AND MANIPULATION
SAMPLE BLANKING NOT REQUIRED

49
Q

[DISADVANTAGES]
NEPHELOMETRIC

A

NEED SPECIAL INSTRUMENT
REQUIRE PREPARATION OF STABLE COLLAGENOUS STARCH
NEED AMYLOPECTIN SUBSTRATE SUSPENSIONS
USES ARBITRARY STANDARDS

50
Q

METHOD SUITABLE FOR EMERGENCY PURPOSES

A

NEPHELOMETRIC

51
Q

TIME PERIOD FOR THE AVAILABILITY FO RESULTS IN THE NEPHELOMETRIC METHOD

A

LESS THAN THREE MINUTES
CALIBRATION AGAINST OTHER METHODS

52
Q

ARBITRARY STANDARDS USED IN THE NEPHELOMETRIC METHOD

A

FORMAZINE

53
Q

OTHER TERM FOR SECONDARY STANDARDS

A

CALIBRATORS

54
Q

[PRINCIPLE]
SACCHAROGENIC METHOD

A

HYDROLYSIS OF STARCH BY AMY TO PRODUCE CARBOHYDRATES THAT HAVE REDUCING PROPERTIES

55
Q

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE AMOUNT OF REDUCING SUGAR AND THE ACTIVITY OF AMY

A

DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL

56
Q

METHOD THAT USES SOMOGYI UNITS TO EXPRESS RESULTS

A

SACCHAROGENIC METHOD

57
Q

WHAT RESULT DOES THE SOMOGYI UNIT EXPRESS

A

NUMBER OF MILLIGRAMS OF GLUCOSE RELEASED IN 30 MINUTES AT 37C

58
Q

CONVERSION FACTOR OF SOMOGYI TO IU/L

A

1.85

59
Q

[PRINCIPLE]
CHROMOGENIC METHOD

A

STARCH BOUND TO A DYE IS HYDROLYZED BY AMY
DYE-SUBSTRATE FRAGMENTS ARE RELEASED

60
Q

TEMPERATURE AND TIME CONDITION USED TO RELEASE GLUCOSE IN THE SACCHAROGENIC METHOD

A

30 MINUTES AT 37C

61
Q

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COLOR INTENSITY OF THE DYE-SUBSTRATE SOLUTION AND AMY ACTIVITY

A

DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL

62
Q

[PRINCIPLE]
FLUOROGENIC METHOD

A

FLUOROGENIC SUBSTRATE IS MEASURED

63
Q

METHOD USED TO MEASURE AMY IN THE FLUOROGENIC METHOD

A

HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

64
Q

WHAT AMY ISOENZYME PRODUCES A GREATER AMOUNT OF SUBSTITUTED OLIGOSACCHARIDE IN THE FLUOROGENIC METHOD

A

PANCREATIC > SALIVARY

65
Q

BASIS OF THE DIFFERENTIAL ASSAY FOR IOSAMYLASES IN HUMAN SERUM

A

THE GREATER PRODUCTION OF SUBSTITUTED OLIGOSACCHARIDES BY PANCREATIC AMY COMPARED TO SALIVARY AMY

66
Q

WHY ARE SMALLER MOLECULES LESS POLARIZED IN THE FD METHOD

A

THEY ROTATE FASTER THAN THE INTACT SUBSTRATE

67
Q

BASIS OF THE ABBOTT TDX AMYLASE METHOD

A

FD METHOD

68
Q

[ADVANTAGE]
FLUORESCENCE DEPOLARIZATION METHOD

A

SIMPLE AND SENSITIVE DIRECT ASSAY

69
Q

[DISADVANTAGE]
FLUORESCENCE DEPOLARIZATION METHOD

A

REQUIRES SPECIAL INSTRUMENTS

70
Q

[PRINCIPLE]
RADIOMETRIC METHOD

A

RADIO LABELED STARCH SUBSTRATES ARE HYDROLYZED BY AMY TO RELEASE FREE RADIOISOTOPES

71
Q

RELATIONSHIP OF THE RELEASED FREE ISOTOPE WITH AMY ACTIVITY

A

DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL

72
Q

[PRINCIPLE]
IMMUNOLOGIC METHOD

A

USE OF POLYCLONAL AB PRODUCED AGAINST SALIVARY OR PANCREATIC AMY AS AG

73
Q

METHOD USED FOR TOTAL AMY MEASUREMENT

A

IMMUNOLOGIC METHOD

74
Q

[OTHER ASSAYS]
MEASURES THE CHANGE IN ABS OF NAD AT 340 NM

A

ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE HEXOKINASE G6PD SYSTEM

75
Q

[OTHER ASSAYS]
YIELDS REDUCED GLYCOSIDE SUBSTRATE FRAGMENTS

A

USE OF 5 ETHYLIDENE 4 NITROPHENYL GLYCOSIDES AS SUBSTRATE

76
Q

REDUCED GLYCOSIDE SUBSTRATE FRAGMENTS PRODUCED BY THE HYDROLYSIS OF ETHYLIDENE 4 NITROPHENYL GLYCOSIDE

A

2,4 NP-G2
2,4 NP-G3

77
Q

THE CATALYSIS OF 2,4 NP G2/G3 FORMS WHAT PRODUCT

A

4,4 NITROPHENYL
LIBERATION OF 10 GLYCOSIDE FRAGMENTS

78
Q

END PRODUCT OF THE METHOD THAT USES 5 ETHYLIDENE 4 NITROPHENYL GLYCOSIDE

A

LIBERATION OF NITROPHENYL

79
Q

TEMPERATURE AT WHICH THE IFCC METHOD HAS OPTIMIZED THE 5 ETHYLIDENE 4 NITROPHENYL GLYCOSIDE METHOD

A

37C

80
Q

IFCC RECOMMENDED REFERENCE METHOD FOR AMY DETERMINATION

A

5 ETHYLIDENE 4 NITROPHENYL GLYCOSIDE METHOD

81
Q

ASSAY THAT DOES NOT REQUIRE GLUCOSIDASES

A

2 CHLORO P NITROPHENYL ALPHA D MALTOTRIOSIDE

82
Q

[DISADVANTAGES]
USE OF 2 CHLORO P NITROPHENYL ALPHA D MALTOTRIOSIDE

A

SLOW REACTION RATE
PRESENCE OF POTASSIUM THIOCYANATE CAUSING ALLOSTERIC CHANGES

83
Q

WHAT MUST BE SEPARATED AFTER VLOOD COLLECTION

A

SERUM MUST BE SEPARATED FROM THE CLOT

84
Q

WHAT KIND OF SAMPLE SHOULD BE USED

A

NON HEMOLYZED SERUM
HEPARINIZED PLASMA

85
Q

ANTICOAGULANTS THAT WOULD CAUSE INTERFERENCES

A

CITRATE
OXALATE
EDTA

86
Q

WHY SHOULDN’T CITRATE, OXALATE, OR EDTA BE USED

A

THEY BIND TO CALCIUM
CALCIUM IS NEEDED FOR AMY ACTIVITY
LOWER AMY ACTIVITY

87
Q

BY HOW MANY PERCENT DOES EDTA LOWER AMY ACTIVITY

A

10%

88
Q

TIME PERIOD FOR URINE SPECIMEN COLLECTION

A

24 HOURS

89
Q

PH AT WHICH URINE SAMPLES MUST BE ADJUSTED TO

A

PH 7

90
Q

SOLUTIONS USED TO ADJUST THE PH OF URINE SAMPLES

A

0.1 NaOH
0.1 HCl

91
Q

STORAGE CONDITION OF URINE SAMPLES UNTIL ASSAYS CAN BE PERFORMED

A

REFRIGERATE UNTIL ASSAYED

92
Q

STABILITY OF AMY IN SERUM AND URINE

A

1 WEEK AT RT
SEVERAL MONTHS AT 2-8C

93
Q

EFFECT OF LOW PH ON URINE SAMPLES

A

FALSE DECREASE
DECREASED STABILITY

94
Q

PH AT WHICH URINE SAMPLE STABILITY DECREASES

A

PH 5

95
Q

EFFECT OF MACROAMYLASEMIA IN SERUM

A

FALSE INCREASE
INCREASE PANCREATIC AMY IN SERUM

96
Q

EFFECT OF LIPEMIA ON RESULTS

A

FALSE INCREASE

97
Q

CONCENTRATION AT WHICH BILIRUBIN CAUSES INTERFERENCE TO AMY SAMPLES

A

> 20 MG/DL

98
Q

EFFECT OF BILIRUBIN ON AMY ACTIVITY

A

FALSE INCREASE
>20 MG/DL

99
Q

EFFECT OF INSULIN ON AMY ACTIVITY

A

INCREASE

100
Q

DRUGS THAT INCREASE AMY ACTIVITY

A

MORPHINE
OPIATES

101
Q

EFFECT OF MORPHINE AND OPIATES ON AMY ACTIVITY

A

FALSE INCREASE

102
Q

WHAT DOES SALIVA AND SWEAT CONTAIN

A

ALPHA-AMYLASE

103
Q

MAJOR ISOENZYMES OF AMY

A

PANCREATIC
SALIVARY

104
Q

METHODS USED TO DIFFERENTIATE THE ISOENZYMES OF AMY

A

ELECTROPHORESIS
ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY
ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING
SELECTIVE INHIBITION OF S-AMY BY A WHEAT GERM INHIBITOR
IMMUNOPRECIPITATION
IMMUNE-INHIBITION

105
Q

PRECISE, RELIABLE, PRACTICAL, AND ANALITICALLY FAST METHOD USED TO DETERMINE P-AMY

A

SELECTIVE ISOENZYME INHIBITION BY MONOCLONAL AB

106
Q

METHOD THAT USES THE SYNERGISTIC ACTION OF TWO IMMUNOINHIBITORY MONOCLONAL AB TO S-AMY

A

DOUBLE MONOCLONAL AB ASSAY

107
Q

___ IS MEASURED AFTER THE INHIBITION OF ___ BY ___

A

UNINHIBITED P-AMY
S-AMY
AB

108
Q

SUBSTRATE USED TO MEASURE UNINHIBITED P-AMY IN THE DOUBLE MONOCLONAL AB ASSAY

A

EPS-4-NP-G7

109
Q

ACCR MEANING

A

AMYLASE-CREATININE CLEARANCE RATIO

110
Q

INDEX USED TO SCREEN FOR ACUTE PANCREATITIS

A

ACCR

111
Q

ACCR IS USED FOR WHAT CONDITION

A

SCREENING FOR ACUTE PANCREATITIS

112
Q

[DISADVANTAGE]
ACCR

A

INSENSITIVE
LESS SPECIFIC FOR PATIENTS WITH ACUTE PANCREATITIS

113
Q

IN WHAT CLINICAL CONDITION IS THE ACCR INCREASED

A

DIABETES KETOACIDOSIS
RENAL INSUFFICIENCY
SEVERE BURNS

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 (10 decks)

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