[LAB] ALP & ACP Flashcards
1
Q
RECOMMENDED NAME OF ALP
A
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
2
Q
EC CODE OF ALP
A
3.1.3.1
3
Q
OTHER TERMS FOR ALP
A
PHOSPHOMONOESTERASE
ORTHOPHOSPHERIC ESTER MONOHYDROLASE
4
Q
TWO MAIN TYPES OF PHOSPHATASES
A
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
ACID PHOSPHATASE
5
Q
OPTIMUM PH OF THE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
A
PH 9.0
6
Q
WHICH TYPE OF PHOSPHATASE HAS AN OPTIMUM PH OF 9.0
A
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
7
Q
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF SERUM ALP ASSAYS
A
DIAGNOSIS OF HEPATOBILIARY AND BONE DISEASES
8
Q
HIGHEST ELEVATION OF ALP IS SEEN IN WHAT DISORDEER
A
PAGET’S DISEASE
9
Q
BONE DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH ELEVATED ALP
A
OSTEOMALACIA
RICKETS
OSTEOGENIC SARCOMA
10
Q
ELEVATION OF ALP IS SIGNIFICANT IN THESE LIVER DISORDERS
A
BILIARY TREE OBSTRUCTION
11
Q
MODERATE ELEVATIONS OF ALP ARE SEEN IN WHAT CLINICAL CONDITIONS
A
LIVER CELL CANCER
INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS
ALCOHOLIC HEPATITS
LIVER CIRRHOSIS
12
Q
ALP DETERMINATION IS BASED ON WHAT CHEMICAL REACTION
A
HYDROLYSIS OF VARIOUS PHOSPHATE ESTERS UNDER SPECIFIED CONDITIONS
13
Q
PHOSPHATE ESTER IN THE ALP REACTION
A
P-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE
14
Q
WHO INTRODUCED P-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE AS A SUBSTRATE
A
FUJITA IN 1939
15
Q
WHO PUBLISHED AN ENDPOINT PROCEDURE OF ALP
A
BESSEY
LOWRY
BROCK
IN 1966
16
Q
WHO PUBLISHED THE KINETIC PROCEDURE OF ALP ASSAYS
A
BOWERS & MCCOMG IN 1966
17
Q
RECOMMENDEDALP ASSAY METHOD
A
BOWERS-MCCOMB KINETIC METHOD
18
Q
ACTIVATORS OR COFACTORS IN ALP ASSAYS
A
MAGNESIUM
COBALT
MANGANESE
ZINC
MCMZ
19
Q
SERVES AS THE CONSTITUENT METAL IN ALP ASSAYS
A
MAGNESIUM
COBALT
MANGANESE
ZINC
MCMZ
20
Q
PHOSPHATE BUFFER ACCEPTOR
A
AMP (2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol)
TRIS HYDROXYMETHYL AMINOMETHANE
DIETHANOLAMINE
21
Q
AMP ACTS AS WHAT
IN THE ALP REACTION
A
PHOSPHATE BUFFER ACCEPTOR
22
Q
TRIS HYDROXYMETHYL AMINOMETHANE ACTS AS WHAT IN THE ALP REACTION
A
PHOSPHATE BUFFER ACCEPTOR
23
Q
DIETHANOLAMINE ACTS AS WHAT
IN THE ALP REACTION
A
PHOSPHATE BUFFER ACCEPTOR
24
Q
WHO RECOMMENDED THE KINETIC METHOD
A
AACC
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
25
PRINCIPLE OF ALP ASSAYS
P-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE + H2O —ALP—> P-NITROPHENOL + PHOSPHORIC ACID (H3PO4)
26
PH OF THE ALP REACTION
PH 10.3
27
ACCEPTOR SUBSTRATE IN THE ALP REACTION
AMP
28
COLOR OF HYDROLYZED P-NPP
YELLOW
29
RELATIONSHIP OF P-NPP HYDROLYSIS AND ALP ACTIVITY
DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
30
[SUBSTRATE]
SINOWARA-JONES-REINHART
BETA-GLYCEROPHOSPHATE
31
[SUBSTRATE]
KING-ARMSTRONG
PHENYL PHOSPHATE
32
[SUBSTRATE]
MOSS
ALPHA NAPTHOL PHOSPHATE
33
[SUBSTRATE]
KLEIN, BOBSON, AND READ
BUFFERED PHENOLPTHALEIN
34
ABSORBANCE OF P-NITROPHENOL IN ALP ASSAYS
400 NM
35
DISADVANTAGE OF THE SINOWARA-JONES REINHART METHOD
LONGER REACTION
REQUIRES A LONGER INCUBATION TIME
36
[METHOD]
PRODUCT IS P-NITROPHENOL, YELLOW
BESSEY, LOWRY, AND BROCK
37
METHOD THAT REQUIRES A LONGER INCUBATION TIME
SINOWARA-JONES-REINHART
38
METHOD THAT REQUIRES PROTEIN REMOVAL
KING-ARMSTRONG
39
DISADVANTAGE OF THE KING-ARMSTRONG METHOD
PROTEINS MAY INTERFERE WITH THE ASSAY
40
[PRODUCT]
HUGGINS AND TALALAY
PHENOLPTHALEIN
RED
41
[METHOD]
PRODUCT IS PHENOLPTHALEIN, RED
HUGGINS AND TALALAY
42
[PRODUCT]
MOSS
ALPHA NAPTHOL
43
[METHOD]
PRODUCT IS ALPHA NAPTHOL
MOSS
44
INTERFERENCES THAT CAUSE FALSELY INCREASED RESULTS
1. HEMOLYZED SERUM
2. UNFRESH SERUM SAMPLE
3. SERUM THAT IS IN CONTACT WITH CLOT FOR A LONG TIME
4. LIPEMIC OR ICTERIC SAMPLES
5. BILIRUBIN
45
Hb CONCENTRATION THAT CAUSES A FALSE INCREASE
>100 mg/dL
46
PERCENTAGE OF INCREASED ALP ACTIVITY WHEN SERUM SAMPLE IS UNSTABLE
3-10%
47
STORAGE CONDITION OF ALP SAMPLE
2-8C
UP TO 1 WEEK
48
TIME LIMIT FOR ALP SAMPLE TO BE ASSAYED
4 HOURS
49
ALP SAMPLE STORAGE CONDITION FOR ALP TO REACH FULL ENZYME REACTIVATION
THAWED
KEPT AT RT FOR 18-24 HOURS
BEFORE MEASUREMENT
50
PERCENTAGE OF ALP INCREASE HEN SAMPLE IS IN CONTACT WITH CLOT FOR A LONG TIME
20-30%
DUE TO GRADUAL DEVELOPMENT OF MORE BASIC PH AS CO2 IS LOST
51
REASON WHY PROLONGED CONTACT OF SERUM SAMPLE WITH CLOT FALSELY INCREASES ALP ACTIVITY
GRADUAL DEVELOPMENT OF A MORE BASIC PH IN THE SYSTEM AS CARBON DIOXIDE IS LOST
52
IS PLASMA USED IN ALP ASSAYS
NO
ANTICOAGULANTS INHIBIT ALP ACTIVITY
53
ANTICOAGULANTS THAT INHIBIT ALP ACTIVITY
CITRATE
OXALATE
EDTA
54
EFFECT OF ANTICOAGULANTS ON ALP ACTIVITY
FALSE DECREASE
INHIBITS ACTIVITY
BINDS WITH COFACTORS
55
WHAT DO THE ANTICOAGULANTS BIND WITH AND WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS
BIND WITH COFACTORS (MAGNESIUM AND ZINC)
CAUSE FALSE DECREASE IN ALP ACTIVITY
56
EFFECT OF LIPEMIC OR ICTERIC SAMPLES
FALSE INCREASE
57
BILIRUBIN CONCENTRATION THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH ALP ASSAY RESULTS
>20 mg/dL
58
WHY ARE ALP VALUES HIGHER IN CHILDREN THAN ADULTS
DUE TO INCREASED OSTEOBLASTIC ACTIVITY
59
CAN THE ALP ASSAY DETERMINE THE ISOENZYME
NO
60
WHY IS THERE ANEED FOR A BUFFER IN THE REACTION
REACTION IS FASTER IF A PHOSPHATE ACCEPTOR IS PRESENT
INCREASES ENZYME ACTIVITY
SHORTENS REACTION TIME
REQUIRES A LESSER VOLUME OF SAMPLE
61
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE ALP REACTION IF A PHOSPHATE ACCEPTOR IS PRESENT
REACTION SPEEDS UP
INCREASES ENZYME ACTIVITY
SHORTENS REACTION TIME
REQUIRES A LESSER VOLUME OF SAMPLE
62
LINERAITY OF ALP ASSAY
1000 IU/L
63
TROUBLESHOOTING SAMPLES WITH VALUES EXCEEDING THE LINEARITY
DILUTE WITH EQUAL VOLUME OF SALINE
REASSAY
MULTIPLY RESULTS BY 2
64
ABSORBANCE TREND OF ALP ASSAY
INCREASING
65
WHY IS THE ABSORBANCE TREND INCREASING
INCREASED SUBSTRATE HYDROLYZED = INCREASED ABSORBANCE
66
NORMAL VALUES FOR ALP
32-123 IU/L
67
TRUE OR FALSE
NON SPECIFIC ACP IS WIDELY DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT THE BODY
TRUE
68
EC CODE OF ACP
3.1.3.2
69
MORE IMPORTANT ACP FRACTION
PROSTATIC ACP
70
OTHER TISSUE SOURCES OF ACP
BONE
LIVER
SPLEEN
KIDNEYS
71
ELEVATED ACP LEVELS ARE OBSERVED IN WHAT CLINICAL CONDITIONS
PAGET’S DISEASE
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM WITH SKELETAL INVOLVEMNT
BONE CANCERS
72
SUBSTRATES IN THE ACP REACTION
PHENYL PHOSPHATE
P-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE
THYMOPTHALEIN PHOSPHATE
73
SUBSTRATE PROPOSED BY BABSON
ALPHA-NAPTHYL PHOSPHATE
74
SUBSTRATE PROPOSED BY HILLMAN
DIAZOTIZED 2-AMINO-5-CHLOROTOLUENE (FAST RED TR)
75
FAST RED TR
DIAZOTIZED 2 AMINO-5-CHLOROTOLUENE
76
SAID THAT ALPHA-NAPTHYL PHOSPHATE CAN BEHYDROLYZED BY OTHER ENZYMES
AMADOR
77
ABSORBASE OF THE DIAZO DYE IN ACP ASSAYS
405 NM
78
SPECIFIC INHIBITOR IN ACP ASSAYS
L-TARTRATE
79
PRINCIPLE OF ACP ASSAY
Alpha-napthylphosphate + H2O —ACP—> Alpha-napthol + inorganic phosphate
Alpha-napthol = Fast Red TR —> Diazo Dye
80
PHOSPHATE BUFFER ACCEPTOR IN ACP
1,5-NAPTHALEIN DISULFONATE
81
1,5-NAPTHALEIN DISULFONATE ACTS AS WHAT
PHOSPHATE BUFFER ACCEPTOR IN ACP
82
RELATIONSHIP OF THE FORMATION OF RED COLORED COMPLEX WITH ACP ACTIVITY
DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
83
INHIBITOR IN THE ACP REACTION
L-TARTRATE
84
WHAT DOES L-TARTRATE DO
INHIBIT PROSTATIC ACP
BUT DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH THE REACTION MECHANISM
85
TRUE OR FALSE
L-TARTRATE INTERFERES WITH THE ACP REACTION
FALSE
IT ONLY INHIBITS PROSTATIC ACP
86
SUBSTRATE OF CHOICE FOR MOST ENDPOINT REACTIONS
THYMOLPTHALEIN MONOPHOSPHATE
87
THYMOLPTHALEIN MONOPHOSPHATE IS THE SUBSTRATE OF CHOICE FOR WHAT KIND OF ACP ASSAYS
ENDPOINT ASSAYS
88
ALPHA-NAPTHYLPHOSPHATE IS THE SUBSTRATE OF CHOICE FOR WHAT KIND OF ACP ASSAYS
CONTINUOUS MONITORING ASSAYS
89
SUBSTRATE OF CHOICE FOR CONTINUOUS MONITORING ASSAYS
ALPHA-NAPTHYLPHOSOHATE
90
IMMUNOCHEMICHAL TECHNIQUES FOR ACP
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY
IMMUNOPRECIPITATION
91
[SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCT]
BODANSKY
S: BETA-GLYCEROPHOSPHATE
P: GLYCEROL
92
[SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCT]
GUTMAN, KING, ARMSTRONG
S: PHENYLPHOSPHATE
P: PHENOL
93
[SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCT]
HUDSON
S: P-NITROPHENYLPHOSPHATE
P: P-NITROPHENOL
94
[SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCT]
BABSON AND REED
S: ALPHA-NAPTHYLPHOSPHATE
P: ALPHA-NAPTHOL
95
[SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCT]
ROY
S: THYMOPTHALEIN MONOPHOSPHATE
P: THYMOPTHALEIN
— Abs 590 nm
96
[SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCT]
RIETZ, GUILBAULT
S: 4-METHYLUMBERLLIFERONEPHOSPHATE
P: METHYLUMBERLLIFERONE
97
[OTHER CHARACTERISTICS]
NON SPECIFIC TO PROSTATIC ACP
BODANSKY
GUTMAN, KING, ARMSTRONG
HUDSON
98
[OTHER CHARACTERISTICS]
LENGTHY ASSAY
BODANSKY
99
[OTHER CHARACTERISTICS]
RAPID ASSAY
HUDSON
100
[OTHER CHARACTERISTICS]
LESS SENSITIVE TO PROSTATIC ACP
BABSON AND REED
101
[OTHER CHARACTERISTICS]
MOST SPECIFIC FOR PROSTATIC ACP
ROY
102
[OTHER CHARACTERISTICS]
LESS INTERFERENCES
ROY
103
[OTHER CHARACTERISTICS]
FLUORESCENCE METHOD
RIETZ, GUILBAULT
104
TRUE OR FALSE
ONLY NON HEMOLYZED SERUM SHOULD BE USED BECAUSE ACP IS CONTAINED IN RED BLOOD CELLS
TRUE
105
TIME LIMIT FOR THE SEPARATION OF THE SERUM FROM CLOT IN ACP ASSAY
WITHIN 2 HOURS
106
WHY SHOULD THE SERUM BE SEPARATED FROM THE CLOT IN ACP
PREVENT LEAKAGE OF ERYTHROCYTIC AND PLATELET ACP INTO THE SAMPLE
107
STABILIZATION CONDITIONS OF ACP
ACIDIFY WITH ACETATE BUFFER
20 UL OF BUFFER PER 1ML SERUM
108
TRUE OR FALSE
ACID PHOSPHATASE IS STABLE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
FALSE
EXTREMELY LABILE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
109
STABILITY OF ACP
7 DAYS AT 2-8C
110
ANTICOAGULANTS THAT INHIBIT ACP ACTIVITY
FLUORIDE
HEPARIN
OXALATE
111
INTERFERENCES IN ACP THAT CAUSE FALSE DECREASE
ANTICOAGULANTS (FLUORIDE, HEPARIN, OXALATE)
BILIRUBIN
112
[SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCT]
BESSEY, LOWRY, BROCK
S: P-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE
P: P-NITROPHENOL (YELLOW)
113
[SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCT]
HUGGINS AND TALALAY
S: PHENOLPTHALEIN DIPHOSPHATE
P: PHENOLPTHALEIN (RED)
114
[SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCT]
MOSS
S: ALPHA NAPTHOL PHOSPHATE
S: ALPHA NAPTHOL
115
PURPOSE OF ADDING L-LACTATE WHEN MEASURING NON PROSTATIC ACP
INHIBIT PROSTATIC
SUBTRACT NON PROS FROM TOTAL ACP
116
NORMAL VALUE OF ACP
TOTAL ACP: 0.9 IU/L
PROS ACP: 0-3 IU/L
NON PROS: 0-6 IU/L
117
WHAT TO DO IF NON LINEARITY IS OBSERVED
CAN DISREGARD THE FIRST OR LAST READING
DUE TO LAG PHASE AND SUBSTRATE DEPLETION PHASE
ONLY ELIMINATE ONE ABSORBANCE READING
118
WAVELENGTH USED FOR ALP AND ACP
405 NM
119
SI CONVERSION OF ALP AND ACP
16.67
120
MULTIPLIER OF ACP
TOTAL: 853
NON PROS: 860
121
REFERENCE METHOD OF ACP
KINETIC METHOD BY HILLMAN
122
REFERENCE METHOD OF ALP
BOWERS’MCCOMB KINETIC METHOD
123
LINEARITY OF ACP
60 U/L AT 37C
124
STABILITY OF RECONSTITUTED ACP REAGENT
1 DAY AT RT
7 DAYS AT 2-8C
125
STABILITY OF RECONSTITUTED L-TARTRATE REAGENT
UNTIL EXPIRY DATE AT 2-8C
126
PH OF AMP BUFFER
PH 10.45
127
[ALP ASSAY]
VOLUME OF ALP REAGENT
1 ML
128
[ALP ASSAY]
INCUBATION TIME ADN TEMPERATURE OF THE REAGENT
5 MINUTES
37C
129
[ALP ASSAY]
VOLUME OF PATIENT SAMPLE
0.025 ML
130
[ALP ASSAY]
INCUBATION CONDITION FOR SAMPLE
1 MINUTE
37C
IN BETWEEN READINGS
131
[ACP ASSAY]
VOLUME OF L-TARTRATE REAGENT
1 ML
132
[ACP ASSAY]
VOLUME OF ACETATE BUFFER
20 UL
133
[ACP ASSAY]
INCUBATION TIME AND TEMPERATURE IN BETWEEN READINGS
1 MINUTE
37C
