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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 > [LAB] ALP & ACP > Flashcards

[LAB] ALP & ACP Flashcards

1
Q

RECOMMENDED NAME OF ALP

A

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE

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2
Q

EC CODE OF ALP

A

3.1.3.1

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3
Q

OTHER TERMS FOR ALP

A

PHOSPHOMONOESTERASE

ORTHOPHOSPHERIC ESTER MONOHYDROLASE

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4
Q

TWO MAIN TYPES OF PHOSPHATASES

A

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
ACID PHOSPHATASE

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5
Q

OPTIMUM PH OF THE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE

A

PH 9.0

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6
Q

WHICH TYPE OF PHOSPHATASE HAS AN OPTIMUM PH OF 9.0

A

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE

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7
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF SERUM ALP ASSAYS

A

DIAGNOSIS OF HEPATOBILIARY AND BONE DISEASES

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8
Q

HIGHEST ELEVATION OF ALP IS SEEN IN WHAT DISORDEER

A

PAGET’S DISEASE

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9
Q

BONE DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH ELEVATED ALP

A

OSTEOMALACIA
RICKETS
OSTEOGENIC SARCOMA

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10
Q

ELEVATION OF ALP IS SIGNIFICANT IN THESE LIVER DISORDERS

A

BILIARY TREE OBSTRUCTION

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11
Q

MODERATE ELEVATIONS OF ALP ARE SEEN IN WHAT CLINICAL CONDITIONS

A

LIVER CELL CANCER
INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS
ALCOHOLIC HEPATITS
LIVER CIRRHOSIS

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12
Q

ALP DETERMINATION IS BASED ON WHAT CHEMICAL REACTION

A

HYDROLYSIS OF VARIOUS PHOSPHATE ESTERS UNDER SPECIFIED CONDITIONS

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13
Q

PHOSPHATE ESTER IN THE ALP REACTION

A

P-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE

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14
Q

WHO INTRODUCED P-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE AS A SUBSTRATE

A

FUJITA IN 1939

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15
Q

WHO PUBLISHED AN ENDPOINT PROCEDURE OF ALP

A

BESSEY
LOWRY
BROCK

IN 1966

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16
Q

WHO PUBLISHED THE KINETIC PROCEDURE OF ALP ASSAYS

A

BOWERS & MCCOMG IN 1966

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17
Q

RECOMMENDEDALP ASSAY METHOD

A

BOWERS-MCCOMB KINETIC METHOD

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18
Q

ACTIVATORS OR COFACTORS IN ALP ASSAYS

A

MAGNESIUM
COBALT
MANGANESE
ZINC

MCMZ

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19
Q

SERVES AS THE CONSTITUENT METAL IN ALP ASSAYS

A

MAGNESIUM
COBALT
MANGANESE
ZINC

MCMZ

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20
Q

PHOSPHATE BUFFER ACCEPTOR

A

AMP (2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol)
TRIS HYDROXYMETHYL AMINOMETHANE
DIETHANOLAMINE

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21
Q

AMP ACTS AS WHAT
IN THE ALP REACTION

A

PHOSPHATE BUFFER ACCEPTOR

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22
Q

TRIS HYDROXYMETHYL AMINOMETHANE ACTS AS WHAT IN THE ALP REACTION

A

PHOSPHATE BUFFER ACCEPTOR

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23
Q

DIETHANOLAMINE ACTS AS WHAT
IN THE ALP REACTION

A

PHOSPHATE BUFFER ACCEPTOR

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24
Q

WHO RECOMMENDED THE KINETIC METHOD

A

AACC
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

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25
Q

PRINCIPLE OF ALP ASSAYS

A

P-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE + H2O —ALP—> P-NITROPHENOL + PHOSPHORIC ACID (H3PO4)

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26
Q

PH OF THE ALP REACTION

A

PH 10.3

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27
Q

ACCEPTOR SUBSTRATE IN THE ALP REACTION

A

AMP

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28
Q

COLOR OF HYDROLYZED P-NPP

A

YELLOW

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29
Q

RELATIONSHIP OF P-NPP HYDROLYSIS AND ALP ACTIVITY

A

DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL

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30
Q

[SUBSTRATE]
SINOWARA-JONES-REINHART

A

BETA-GLYCEROPHOSPHATE

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31
Q

[SUBSTRATE]
KING-ARMSTRONG

A

PHENYL PHOSPHATE

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32
Q

[SUBSTRATE]
MOSS

A

ALPHA NAPTHOL PHOSPHATE

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33
Q

[SUBSTRATE]
KLEIN, BOBSON, AND READ

A

BUFFERED PHENOLPTHALEIN

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34
Q

ABSORBANCE OF P-NITROPHENOL IN ALP ASSAYS

A

400 NM

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35
Q

DISADVANTAGE OF THE SINOWARA-JONES REINHART METHOD

A

LONGER REACTION
REQUIRES A LONGER INCUBATION TIME

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36
Q

[METHOD]
PRODUCT IS P-NITROPHENOL, YELLOW

A

BESSEY, LOWRY, AND BROCK

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37
Q

METHOD THAT REQUIRES A LONGER INCUBATION TIME

A

SINOWARA-JONES-REINHART

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38
Q

METHOD THAT REQUIRES PROTEIN REMOVAL

A

KING-ARMSTRONG

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39
Q

DISADVANTAGE OF THE KING-ARMSTRONG METHOD

A

PROTEINS MAY INTERFERE WITH THE ASSAY

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40
Q

[PRODUCT]
HUGGINS AND TALALAY

A

PHENOLPTHALEIN
RED

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41
Q

[METHOD]
PRODUCT IS PHENOLPTHALEIN, RED

A

HUGGINS AND TALALAY

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42
Q

[PRODUCT]
MOSS

A

ALPHA NAPTHOL

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43
Q

[METHOD]
PRODUCT IS ALPHA NAPTHOL

A

MOSS

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44
Q

INTERFERENCES THAT CAUSE FALSELY INCREASED RESULTS

A
  1. HEMOLYZED SERUM
  2. UNFRESH SERUM SAMPLE
  3. SERUM THAT IS IN CONTACT WITH CLOT FOR A LONG TIME
  4. LIPEMIC OR ICTERIC SAMPLES
  5. BILIRUBIN
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45
Q

Hb CONCENTRATION THAT CAUSES A FALSE INCREASE

A

> 100 mg/dL

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46
Q

PERCENTAGE OF INCREASED ALP ACTIVITY WHEN SERUM SAMPLE IS UNSTABLE

A

3-10%

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47
Q

STORAGE CONDITION OF ALP SAMPLE

A

2-8C
UP TO 1 WEEK

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48
Q

TIME LIMIT FOR ALP SAMPLE TO BE ASSAYED

A

4 HOURS

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49
Q

ALP SAMPLE STORAGE CONDITION FOR ALP TO REACH FULL ENZYME REACTIVATION

A

THAWED
KEPT AT RT FOR 18-24 HOURS
BEFORE MEASUREMENT

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50
Q

PERCENTAGE OF ALP INCREASE HEN SAMPLE IS IN CONTACT WITH CLOT FOR A LONG TIME

A

20-30%
DUE TO GRADUAL DEVELOPMENT OF MORE BASIC PH AS CO2 IS LOST

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51
Q

REASON WHY PROLONGED CONTACT OF SERUM SAMPLE WITH CLOT FALSELY INCREASES ALP ACTIVITY

A

GRADUAL DEVELOPMENT OF A MORE BASIC PH IN THE SYSTEM AS CARBON DIOXIDE IS LOST

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52
Q

IS PLASMA USED IN ALP ASSAYS

A

NO

ANTICOAGULANTS INHIBIT ALP ACTIVITY

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53
Q

ANTICOAGULANTS THAT INHIBIT ALP ACTIVITY

A

CITRATE
OXALATE
EDTA

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54
Q

EFFECT OF ANTICOAGULANTS ON ALP ACTIVITY

A

FALSE DECREASE

INHIBITS ACTIVITY
BINDS WITH COFACTORS

55
Q

WHAT DO THE ANTICOAGULANTS BIND WITH AND WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS

A

BIND WITH COFACTORS (MAGNESIUM AND ZINC)
CAUSE FALSE DECREASE IN ALP ACTIVITY

56
Q

EFFECT OF LIPEMIC OR ICTERIC SAMPLES

A

FALSE INCREASE

57
Q

BILIRUBIN CONCENTRATION THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH ALP ASSAY RESULTS

A

> 20 mg/dL

58
Q

WHY ARE ALP VALUES HIGHER IN CHILDREN THAN ADULTS

A

DUE TO INCREASED OSTEOBLASTIC ACTIVITY

59
Q

CAN THE ALP ASSAY DETERMINE THE ISOENZYME

60
Q

WHY IS THERE ANEED FOR A BUFFER IN THE REACTION

A

REACTION IS FASTER IF A PHOSPHATE ACCEPTOR IS PRESENT

INCREASES ENZYME ACTIVITY
SHORTENS REACTION TIME
REQUIRES A LESSER VOLUME OF SAMPLE

61
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE ALP REACTION IF A PHOSPHATE ACCEPTOR IS PRESENT

A

REACTION SPEEDS UP

INCREASES ENZYME ACTIVITY
SHORTENS REACTION TIME
REQUIRES A LESSER VOLUME OF SAMPLE

62
Q

LINERAITY OF ALP ASSAY

63
Q

TROUBLESHOOTING SAMPLES WITH VALUES EXCEEDING THE LINEARITY

A

DILUTE WITH EQUAL VOLUME OF SALINE
REASSAY
MULTIPLY RESULTS BY 2

64
Q

ABSORBANCE TREND OF ALP ASSAY

A

INCREASING

65
Q

WHY IS THE ABSORBANCE TREND INCREASING

A

INCREASED SUBSTRATE HYDROLYZED = INCREASED ABSORBANCE

66
Q

NORMAL VALUES FOR ALP

A

32-123 IU/L

67
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
NON SPECIFIC ACP IS WIDELY DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT THE BODY

68
Q

EC CODE OF ACP

69
Q

MORE IMPORTANT ACP FRACTION

A

PROSTATIC ACP

70
Q

OTHER TISSUE SOURCES OF ACP

A

BONE
LIVER
SPLEEN
KIDNEYS

71
Q

ELEVATED ACP LEVELS ARE OBSERVED IN WHAT CLINICAL CONDITIONS

A

PAGET’S DISEASE
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM WITH SKELETAL INVOLVEMNT
BONE CANCERS

72
Q

SUBSTRATES IN THE ACP REACTION

A

PHENYL PHOSPHATE
P-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE
THYMOPTHALEIN PHOSPHATE

73
Q

SUBSTRATE PROPOSED BY BABSON

A

ALPHA-NAPTHYL PHOSPHATE

74
Q

SUBSTRATE PROPOSED BY HILLMAN

A

DIAZOTIZED 2-AMINO-5-CHLOROTOLUENE (FAST RED TR)

75
Q

FAST RED TR

A

DIAZOTIZED 2 AMINO-5-CHLOROTOLUENE

76
Q

SAID THAT ALPHA-NAPTHYL PHOSPHATE CAN BEHYDROLYZED BY OTHER ENZYMES

77
Q

ABSORBASE OF THE DIAZO DYE IN ACP ASSAYS

78
Q

SPECIFIC INHIBITOR IN ACP ASSAYS

A

L-TARTRATE

79
Q

PRINCIPLE OF ACP ASSAY

A

Alpha-napthylphosphate + H2O —ACP—> Alpha-napthol + inorganic phosphate

Alpha-napthol = Fast Red TR —> Diazo Dye

80
Q

PHOSPHATE BUFFER ACCEPTOR IN ACP

A

1,5-NAPTHALEIN DISULFONATE

81
Q

1,5-NAPTHALEIN DISULFONATE ACTS AS WHAT

A

PHOSPHATE BUFFER ACCEPTOR IN ACP

82
Q

RELATIONSHIP OF THE FORMATION OF RED COLORED COMPLEX WITH ACP ACTIVITY

A

DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL

83
Q

INHIBITOR IN THE ACP REACTION

A

L-TARTRATE

84
Q

WHAT DOES L-TARTRATE DO

A

INHIBIT PROSTATIC ACP
BUT DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH THE REACTION MECHANISM

85
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
L-TARTRATE INTERFERES WITH THE ACP REACTION

A

FALSE
IT ONLY INHIBITS PROSTATIC ACP

86
Q

SUBSTRATE OF CHOICE FOR MOST ENDPOINT REACTIONS

A

THYMOLPTHALEIN MONOPHOSPHATE

87
Q

THYMOLPTHALEIN MONOPHOSPHATE IS THE SUBSTRATE OF CHOICE FOR WHAT KIND OF ACP ASSAYS

A

ENDPOINT ASSAYS

88
Q

ALPHA-NAPTHYLPHOSPHATE IS THE SUBSTRATE OF CHOICE FOR WHAT KIND OF ACP ASSAYS

A

CONTINUOUS MONITORING ASSAYS

89
Q

SUBSTRATE OF CHOICE FOR CONTINUOUS MONITORING ASSAYS

A

ALPHA-NAPTHYLPHOSOHATE

90
Q

IMMUNOCHEMICHAL TECHNIQUES FOR ACP

A

RADIOIMMUNOASSAY
IMMUNOPRECIPITATION

91
Q

[SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCT]
BODANSKY

A

S: BETA-GLYCEROPHOSPHATE
P: GLYCEROL

92
Q

[SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCT]
GUTMAN, KING, ARMSTRONG

A

S: PHENYLPHOSPHATE
P: PHENOL

93
Q

[SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCT]
HUDSON

A

S: P-NITROPHENYLPHOSPHATE
P: P-NITROPHENOL

94
Q

[SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCT]
BABSON AND REED

A

S: ALPHA-NAPTHYLPHOSPHATE
P: ALPHA-NAPTHOL

95
Q

[SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCT]
ROY

A

S: THYMOPTHALEIN MONOPHOSPHATE
P: THYMOPTHALEIN
— Abs 590 nm

96
Q

[SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCT]
RIETZ, GUILBAULT

A

S: 4-METHYLUMBERLLIFERONEPHOSPHATE
P: METHYLUMBERLLIFERONE

97
Q

[OTHER CHARACTERISTICS]
NON SPECIFIC TO PROSTATIC ACP

A

BODANSKY
GUTMAN, KING, ARMSTRONG
HUDSON

98
Q

[OTHER CHARACTERISTICS]
LENGTHY ASSAY

99
Q

[OTHER CHARACTERISTICS]
RAPID ASSAY

100
Q

[OTHER CHARACTERISTICS]
LESS SENSITIVE TO PROSTATIC ACP

A

BABSON AND REED

101
Q

[OTHER CHARACTERISTICS]
MOST SPECIFIC FOR PROSTATIC ACP

102
Q

[OTHER CHARACTERISTICS]
LESS INTERFERENCES

103
Q

[OTHER CHARACTERISTICS]
FLUORESCENCE METHOD

A

RIETZ, GUILBAULT

104
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
ONLY NON HEMOLYZED SERUM SHOULD BE USED BECAUSE ACP IS CONTAINED IN RED BLOOD CELLS

105
Q

TIME LIMIT FOR THE SEPARATION OF THE SERUM FROM CLOT IN ACP ASSAY

A

WITHIN 2 HOURS

106
Q

WHY SHOULD THE SERUM BE SEPARATED FROM THE CLOT IN ACP

A

PREVENT LEAKAGE OF ERYTHROCYTIC AND PLATELET ACP INTO THE SAMPLE

107
Q

STABILIZATION CONDITIONS OF ACP

A

ACIDIFY WITH ACETATE BUFFER

20 UL OF BUFFER PER 1ML SERUM

108
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
ACID PHOSPHATASE IS STABLE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

A

FALSE
EXTREMELY LABILE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

109
Q

STABILITY OF ACP

A

7 DAYS AT 2-8C

110
Q

ANTICOAGULANTS THAT INHIBIT ACP ACTIVITY

A

FLUORIDE
HEPARIN
OXALATE

111
Q

INTERFERENCES IN ACP THAT CAUSE FALSE DECREASE

A

ANTICOAGULANTS (FLUORIDE, HEPARIN, OXALATE)
BILIRUBIN

112
Q

[SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCT]
BESSEY, LOWRY, BROCK

A

S: P-NITROPHENYL PHOSPHATE
P: P-NITROPHENOL (YELLOW)

113
Q

[SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCT]
HUGGINS AND TALALAY

A

S: PHENOLPTHALEIN DIPHOSPHATE
P: PHENOLPTHALEIN (RED)

114
Q

[SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCT]
MOSS

A

S: ALPHA NAPTHOL PHOSPHATE
S: ALPHA NAPTHOL

115
Q

PURPOSE OF ADDING L-LACTATE WHEN MEASURING NON PROSTATIC ACP

A

INHIBIT PROSTATIC
SUBTRACT NON PROS FROM TOTAL ACP

116
Q

NORMAL VALUE OF ACP

A

TOTAL ACP: 0.9 IU/L
PROS ACP: 0-3 IU/L
NON PROS: 0-6 IU/L

117
Q

WHAT TO DO IF NON LINEARITY IS OBSERVED

A

CAN DISREGARD THE FIRST OR LAST READING
DUE TO LAG PHASE AND SUBSTRATE DEPLETION PHASE

ONLY ELIMINATE ONE ABSORBANCE READING

118
Q

WAVELENGTH USED FOR ALP AND ACP

119
Q

SI CONVERSION OF ALP AND ACP

120
Q

MULTIPLIER OF ACP

A

TOTAL: 853
NON PROS: 860

121
Q

REFERENCE METHOD OF ACP

A

KINETIC METHOD BY HILLMAN

122
Q

REFERENCE METHOD OF ALP

A

BOWERS’MCCOMB KINETIC METHOD

123
Q

LINEARITY OF ACP

A

60 U/L AT 37C

124
Q

STABILITY OF RECONSTITUTED ACP REAGENT

A

1 DAY AT RT
7 DAYS AT 2-8C

125
Q

STABILITY OF RECONSTITUTED L-TARTRATE REAGENT

A

UNTIL EXPIRY DATE AT 2-8C

126
Q

PH OF AMP BUFFER

127
Q

[ALP ASSAY]
VOLUME OF ALP REAGENT

128
Q

[ALP ASSAY]
INCUBATION TIME ADN TEMPERATURE OF THE REAGENT

A

5 MINUTES
37C

129
Q

[ALP ASSAY]
VOLUME OF PATIENT SAMPLE

130
Q

[ALP ASSAY]
INCUBATION CONDITION FOR SAMPLE

A

1 MINUTE
37C
IN BETWEEN READINGS

131
Q

[ACP ASSAY]
VOLUME OF L-TARTRATE REAGENT

132
Q

[ACP ASSAY]
VOLUME OF ACETATE BUFFER

133
Q

[ACP ASSAY]
INCUBATION TIME AND TEMPERATURE IN BETWEEN READINGS

A

1 MINUTE
37C

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 (10 decks)

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