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PHPY 301 > Lec 9 > Flashcards

Lec 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Ca2+ channels fuction to change membrane potential (Vm) and also acts as a signal to activate processes in the cell.

T or F?

A

True

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2
Q

Ca2+ is the initial or first transducer of electrical signals and casuses changes in:

  • Contraction
  • Secretion
  • channel gating
  • Metabolic enzymes
  • signalling enzymes
  • gene expression.

T or F?

A

False: It is the “FINAL” transducer of electrical signals

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3
Q

Ca2+ activates secretion of _______ and _______ (both are signalling molecules) and thus acts as a trigger for most kinds of intracellular communication.

A

neurotransmitters and hormones

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4
Q

Ca2+ sensitive Fluorescent dyes won a nobel prize (in 2008) for what 2 important people?

T_____

S_______

A

Roger Tsien

Osamu Shimomura

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5
Q

Who cloned and seqenced GFP?

P_____

A

Douglas C. Prasher

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6
Q

What does GFP stand for?

A

Green Fluorescent Protein

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7
Q

Which scientist worked with Jelly fish and helped discover fluorescent proteins?

_______

A

Osamu Shimomura

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of Ca2+ chennel thresholds?

A

High voltage threshold

Low voltage threshold

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9
Q

Which Ca2+ channel threshold “activates only during Action Potentials” ?

A

High voltage thresholds

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10
Q

Which Ca2+ channel threshold “actives below action potential threshold.” ?

A

low voltage threshold

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11
Q

Which Ca2+ channel threshold has Ca2+ depenent inactivation?

A

High voltage threshold

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12
Q

What is used as an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker?

A

Dihydropyridines DHP

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13
Q

DHP - dyhydropyridines partially inhibit Ca2+ channels found in what 2 types of muscle?

A

Heart Muscle

and

Arterial Smooth Muscle

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14
Q

DHP - dyhydropyridines partially inhibit Ca2+ channels and help ________(increase/decrease) both arterial blood pressure and heart contractility.

A

decrease

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15
Q

What is defined as a N-type Ca2+ channel blocker?

A

w-conotoxin (G6A)

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16
Q

In what organism was the blocker w-conotoxin (G6A) discovered?

A

in the venom of a marine Conus snail

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17
Q

In what physiological structure are the N-Type Ca2+ channels found within the body?

A

The Neurons

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18
Q

Why were N-Type Ca2+ channels named with the letter N?

A

they are found in Neurons and were iNtermediate to L and T.

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19
Q

L-Type Ca2+ channels have high or low voltage threshold?

A

high voltage threshold (L = Large or long-lived)

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20
Q

T-Type Ca2+ channels have high or low voltage threshold?

A

low voltage threshold (T = tiny or Transient)

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21
Q

What blocker is used on P/Q-Type Ca2+ Channels?

A

w-agatoxin IVA (4A)

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22
Q

In what organisms was the agatoxin 4A discovered?

A

Agelenopsis funnel web spider

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23
Q

Why was the P/Q-Type Ca2+ channel named “P/Q” ?

A

P - for Purkinje cells

and

Q - fr close to P-Type

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24
Q

___ -type and ___ -type Ca2+ channels are primarily responsible for the activation of neurotransmitter release.

A

N & P/Q

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25
Q

A, B , C , D and E-type channel thresholds were discovered where in the body?

A

Brain

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26
Q

Using ________ techniques, A, B , C , D and E-type Ca2+ channels were found to code for all of the identified high threshold Ca2+ channels. This discovery was made by who?

S____

A

Molecular

Terry Snutch

27
Q

T-Type currents (G,H,I) were found by searching through __________.

A

gene banks

28
Q

A japanese group identified the gene for what type of Ca2+ channel?

A

cardiac L-type

29
Q

Following new Ca2+ channel discoveries the naming system was reorganized to reflect the “_____ relationships “ between the various types.

30
Q

Early alphebetization of Ca2+ channel types was started by Roger Tsein’s older brother named R____.

A

Richard Tsien.

31
Q

Early on, electrophysiologists were naming Ca2+ channels based ontheir biophysical properies and sensitivity to toxins, while molecular biologists were discoverying the genes that code for the channels.

T or F?

32
Q

What are the 3 main types of Ca2+ Channel Families ?

A
  1. L-Type
  2. Family for synaptic release (N & P|Q)
  3. T-Type
33
Q

The T-Type current is selective for Ca2+ and therefore opnings cause a ________. (repolarizatoin/depolarization)

A

depolarization

34
Q

T-Type currents are activated at____ (low/high) thresholds and may act to depolarize a cell to reach action potential threshold.

35
Q

T-type currents are actvated _____ (above, below) the threshold of Na+ channels.

36
Q

__-type Channels therefore play a role in activating burst firing by generating a slow Ca2+ wave in neuronal somata.

37
Q

In the absence of Na2+ the slow Ca2+ wave depolarization caused by _-type current is seen.

38
Q

L-type Ca2+ Channels:

What is the voltage threshold?

39
Q

L-type Ca2+ Channels:

What is its blocker?

A

DHPs - dihydropyridines

40
Q

L-type Ca2+ Channels:

Where are they located in the body?

A

Heart muscle

skeletal muscle

vascular smooth muscle

41
Q

L-type Ca2+ Channels:

What are their function?

A

Contraction of Muscle

42
Q

L-type Ca2+ Channels:

What are the gene numbers?

43
Q

T-type Ca2+ Channels:

What is the voltage threshold ?

A

low or Transient

44
Q

T-type Ca2+ Channels:

What blockers can be used?

A

less sensitive to DHPs - dihydropyridines

45
Q

T-type Ca2+ Channels:

Where are they located in the body?

A

Brain Neurons

SA node of the heart

46
Q

T-type Ca2+ Channels:

whats their function?

A

burst firing (repetitive firing)

47
Q

T-type Ca2+ Channels:

what are the gene numbers?

48
Q

R-type Ca2+ Channels:

What is the voltage threshold?

49
Q

R-type Ca2+ Channels:

What’s its blocker?

A

insensitive to all blockers

50
Q

R-type Ca2+ Channels:

where is it located in the body?

A

Neurons

also Cerebellar granule cells

51
Q

R-type Ca2+ Channels:

Whats its function?

A

exocytotic neurotransmitter release

52
Q

R-type Ca2+ Channels:

whats its gene numbers?

53
Q

N-type Ca2+ Channels:

what is the voltage threshold?

54
Q

N-type Ca2+ Channels:

What is the blocker?

A

w-conotoxin G6A

55
Q

N-type Ca2+ Channels:

What is its function?

A

exocytotic neurotransmitter release

56
Q

N-type Ca2+ Channels:

Whats its gene numbers?

57
Q

P|Q -type Ca2+ Channels:

whats is the voltage threshold ?

58
Q

P|Q -type Ca2+ Channels:

what is its blocker?

A

agatoxin 4A

59
Q

P|Q -type Ca2+ Channels:

where are they located?

A

Cerebellar Purkinje and granule cells

and

cell bodies of central neurons

60
Q

P|Q -type Ca2+ Channels:

what are its gene numbers?

61
Q

___ (ion) channels are all about “location , location, location”

They have specific ____ ____ sequences that interact with other proteins to hlep target and/or anchor them to specific locations in the cell.

A

Ca2+

amino acid

62
Q

What are the 2 KEY localization sequences within Ca2+ channels?

A
  1. Synprint
  2. Mint/CASK binding sites
63
Q

What is defined as a “synaptic protein intereaction”

and is only present in channel types that include neurotransmission (P|Q and N) ?

64
Q

What binding site, along with synprint, is a key localization sequence in Ca2+ channels?

A

Mint/CASK binding sites

PHPY 301 (23 decks)

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