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PHPY 301 > Lec 24 > Flashcards

Lec 24 Flashcards

1
Q

Hypophysis

A

the two parted pituitary:

Anterior and Posterior Pituitary

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2
Q

Neurosecretory Neurons

A

Paraventricular nucleus

Supraoptic nucleus

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3
Q

Paraventricular nucleus

A

located in the hypothalamus, produces oxytocin that is stored in the posterior pituitary.

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4
Q

Supraoptic nucleus

A

located in the hypothalamus, produces vasopressin that is stored in the posterior pituitary.

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5
Q

“adenohypophysis”

A

anterior pituitary that is formed from glandular epithelial tissues.

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6
Q

“neurohypophysis”

A

posterior pituitary - release of hormones is determined by electrical activity from the hypothalamus.

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7
Q

During fetal development, the posterior lobe:

A

comes from neural tissue

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8
Q

During fetal development , the anterior lobe:

A

comes from Rathke’s pouch (as well as intermediate)

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9
Q

Hypophysiotropic hormone

A

a hormone from the hypothalamus that is released into the pituitary stalk and eventually into the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system. this controls the release of anterior pituitary hormones.

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10
Q

hypothalamohypophyseal portal system

A

the vascular link that passes hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary through systemic arterial inflow.

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11
Q

“tropic” hormone

A

a hormone that regulate the release of another hormone

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12
Q

5 Types of hormone-producing cells in the anterior pituitary:

A

Somatotrophs (30-50%) - Growth Hormone
Corticotrophs (20%) adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
next 3 Make up 5% –summed
Thyrotrophs - thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Lactotrophs - prolactin (PRL),
Gonadotrophs - lueteinizing hormone (LH) & Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)

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13
Q

Somatotrophs

A

30-50% - make GH

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14
Q

Corticotrophs

A

20% - make ACTH

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15
Q

Thyrotrophs

A

(summed 5%) - make TSH

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16
Q

Lactotrophs

A

(summed 5%) - make PRL

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17
Q

Gonadotrophs

A

(summed 5%) - make LH & FSH

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18
Q

Synonym for GH

A

somatotropin (STH)

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19
Q

GH

A

general targets - promotes growth by stimulating protein anabolism and fat mobilization

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20
Q

PRL

A

Mammary glands (alveolar secretory glands ) targeted to promote milk secretion

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21
Q

TSH

A

thyroid glands targeted to stimulate development and secretion in the thyroid gland

22
Q

ACTH

A

adrenal cortex targeted to promote development and secretion in the adrenal cortex.

23
Q

FSH

A

targets Gonads (primary sex organs)
Female: triggers ovulation; promotes development of corpus luteum
Male: stimulates production of testosterone

24
Q

MSH

A

targets skin and adrenal glands to possibly stimulate production of melanin pigment in skin. (function unknown)

25
Q

ADH

A

Targets the kidney to promote water retension by kidney tubules

26
Q

OT

A

targets uterus and mammary glands to stimulate uterine contractions; stimulates ejection of milk into mammary ducts

27
Q

Peptide hormones

A

GH & PRL - closely related peptide sequence
TSH, FSH, LH - a-subunits are identical!
(specificity of their actions is determined by the different B subunits)
[most hormones are tropic]

28
Q

Peptide hormones: identical a-subunits

A

TSH, FSH, LH

specificity of their actions is determined by the different B subunits

29
Q

Peptide hormones: closely related peptide sequence

A

GH&PRL

30
Q

Functions of the Anterior Pituitary

A 
reproduction
growth 
energy metabolism 
stress response
(most hormones are tropic)
31
Q

Metabolic rate

A

determined by TSH –> Thyroid gland –> T3+T4

32
Q

Metabolic actions; Stress Response

A

determined by ACTH –> adrenal cortex –> cortisol

33
Q

Breast Milk and milk Secretion

A

determined by PRL –> Mammary glands

34
Q

Growth

A

determined by GH –> Liver –> Somatomedins –> Bone & soft tissues

35
Q

Sex hormone secretion

A

determined by LH –> gonads = estrogen and progesterone in females & testosterone in males

36
Q

Gamete production

A

determined by FSH –> gonads = ova in females & sperm in males

37
Q

Pituitary dwarfism

A

GH hyposecretion during childhood

38
Q

Gigantism and 3 treatments

A

GH hypersecretion during childhood - treated by 1.surgery to remove the source of the hormone (tumor)

  1. somatostatin analogues, and
  2. GH antagonists.
39
Q

Laron Syndrome (dwarfism)

A

abnormal GH receptors - treated with IGF-1 but only prior to puberty
[lower rates of cancer and diabetes]

40
Q

Gh insufficiency treatment

A

replacement therapy

41
Q

acromegaly

A

An excess of GH - thickening of bones, the feet, hands, and face, and enlargement of certain organs such as the heart and liver.

42
Q

Inhibits GH

A

somatostatin

43
Q

PRL inhibition

A

PRL release is soley inhibitory and that this occurs through release of Dopamine

44
Q

Hypothalamic releasing hormones

A

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Growth Hormone - releasing hormone (GHRH)
Luteinizing hormone - releasing hormone (LHRH or GnRH)
Somatostatin , somatotropin releasing hormone (SRIF)
Dopamine

45
Q

CRH

A

stimulates ACTH secretion by corticotrphs; stimulates expressino of POMC gene

46
Q

TRH

A

stimulates TSH secretion by thyrotrophs; stimulates expression of genes for alpha and Beta subunits of TSH in thyrotrophs; stimulates PRL synthesis by lactotrophs

47
Q

GHRH

A

Stimulates GH secretion by somatotrophs; stimulates expression of GH gene in somatotrophs

48
Q

LHRH

A

stimulates FSH and LH secretion by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) gonadotrophs (another name for LHRH)

49
Q

SRIF

A

INHIBITS GH secretion by somatotrophs; inhibits TSH secretion by thyrotrophs

50
Q

Dopamine

A

inhibits PRL synthesis and secretion by lactotrophs

PHPY 301 (23 decks)

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