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PHPY 301 > Lec 20 > Flashcards

Lec 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Cell body Location: Afferent Neuron

A

Dorsal root ganglion;

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2
Q

Location: Afferent Neuron

A

receptor is at the peripheral ending; ends at the spinal cord

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3
Q

“Two-Neuron Chain”

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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4
Q

Efferent Neuron Nervous Systems

A

ANS and SNS

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5
Q

Location: Efferent Neuron (ANS)

A

Preganglionic fiber originating in the CNS and terminating on a ganglion Postganglionic fiber originating in the ganglion and terminating on the effector organ.

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6
Q

Location: Efferent Neuron (SNS)

A

starts in spinal cord and ends at the effector organ.

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7
Q

3 Different types of Neurons

A

Afferent Neuron Efferent (ANS, SNS) Interneuron

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8
Q

Type of Neuron that terminates at Interneurons.

A

Afferent Neuron

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9
Q

Type of Neuron that terminates at effector organs (cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, exocrine and some endocrine glands.)

A

ANS Efferent Neuron

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10
Q

Type of Neuron that terminates at effector organs like skeletal muscle.

A

SNS Efferent Neuron

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11
Q

Type of Neuron that terminates at interneurons and efferent neurons.

A

Interneuron

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12
Q

Type of Neuron that carries information about external and internal environment to the CNS.

A

Afferent Neuron

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13
Q

Type of Neuron that carriest instructions from CNS to effector organs

A

Efferent Neuron (ANS & SNS)

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14
Q

Type of Neuron that processes and integrates afferent input; initiates and coordinates efferent output; responsible for thought and other higher mental functions

A

Interneuron

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15
Q

What type of neuron has no Convergence of input on cell body?

A

Afferent Neuron

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16
Q

What type of neuron’s Input can only be excited and not an inhibition signal ?

A

Afferent Neuron

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17
Q

What types of neuro’s “ site of Action” is the “axon Hillock”

A

Efferent Interneurons

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18
Q

Type of Neuron’s “ site of action “ is the first excitable portion of a membrane adjacent to a receptor?

A

Afferent Neuron

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19
Q

Type of Neuron that can send inhibitory or excitatory inputs.

A

Efferent Interneuron

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20
Q

Type of Neuron that outputs only excites?

A

afferent efferent (SNS)

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21
Q

Type of Neuron that outputs can either excite or inhibit?

A

Interneuron Efferent (ANS)

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22
Q

Drugs that inhibit Neuronal Na+ Channels

A

Tetrodotoxin Saxitoxin

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23
Q

Drugs that inhibit Ca2+ Channels

A

w-conotoxin

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24
Q

Drugs that inhibit Muscle Na+ Channels

A

Tetrodotoxin Saxitoxin u-Conotoxin

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25
Q

Drugs that inhibit AChR Channel (Nicotinic)

A

d-Tubocurarine a-Bungarotoxin

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26
Q

Drugs that activate AChR Channel (Nicotinic)

A

ACh Nicotine

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27
Q

Drugs that inhibit AChe (Acetylcholinesterase)

A

Physostigmine DFP

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28
Q

Drugs that inhibit ACh release

A

Tetanus Drugs Botulinum toxin

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29
Q

Drugs that inhibit K+ Channel

A

Dendrotoxin

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30
Q

Drug that causes explosive release of ACh

A

Black widow spider venom

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31
Q

What inhibitors potentiate the effect of released ACh?

A

AChe inhibitors: Physostigmine DFP

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32
Q

Effects of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig’s disease

A

degeneration of motor neurons, paralysis and death (within 5 years)

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33
Q

Effects of Myasthenia gravis

A

muscle weakness(autoimmune response to ACh receptors at the NMJ)

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34
Q

Treatment of Myasthenia gravis

A

AChE inhibitors (Neostigmine) Irreversible: organophosphates - pesticides (parathion) nerve gases (sarin)

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35
Q

Organophosphates

A

AChE inhibitors and can be pesticides or nerve gases

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36
Q

Lambert-Eaton Syndrome

A

autoimmune disease caused by antibodies directed against presynaptic Ca2+ channels; weakness and fatigue.

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37
Q

Nervous System that originates in the brain or lateral horn of the spinal cord

A

ANS

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38
Q

Nervous System that originates in the ventral horn of the spinal cord for most; muscles to the head originate from brain.

A

SNS

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39
Q

Nervous System that has Two-neuron chain

A

ANS

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40
Q

Nervous System that that has a single neuron (motor neuron)

A

SNS

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41
Q

Nervous System that only innervates skeletal muscle

A

SNS

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42
Q

Nervous System that has duel innervation with two antagonistic branches .

A

ANS

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43
Q

Nervous System that uses 2 neurotransmitters

A

ANS - ACh, NE

44
Q

Nervous System that uses 1 neurotransmitter

A

SNS - ACh

45
Q

Nervous System that is under involuntary control

A

ANS

46
Q

Nervous System that is under voluntary and involuntary control

A

SNS

47
Q

Nervous System that undergoes stimulation only (no inhibition)

A

SNS

48
Q

Nervous System that is controlled by the Spinal cord?

A

SNS & ANS

49
Q

Nervous System that controlled by the medulla, hypothalamus, prefrontal association cortex?

A

ANS

50
Q

Nervous System that is controlled by motor cortex , basal nuclei, cerebellum, brain stem

A

SNS

51
Q

Nervous System that originates (preganglionic) at the Thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord

A

Sympathetic NS

52
Q

Nervous System that is originates (preganglionic) at the brain and sacral region of the spinal cord?

A

parasympathetic NS

53
Q

Nervous System that has its ganglion located in a ganglion chain (near spinal cord) , or collateral ganglia ?

A

Sympathetic NS

54
Q

Nervous System that has its ganglion located in or near the effector organs (terminal ganglia)

A

Parasympathetic

55
Q

Nervous System that has short cholinergic preganglionic fibers and long adrenergic postganglionic fibers?

A

Sympathetic NS

56
Q

Nervous System that has Long cholinergic preganglionic fibers and short cholinergic postganglionic fibers

A

Parasympathetic

57
Q

Nervous System that affects cardiac muscle, almost all smooth muscle, most exocrine glands, and some endocrine glands?

A

Sympathetic NS, Parasympathetic NS

58
Q

Nervous System that has postganglion a1,a2,B1,B2 receptors

A

Sympathetic NS

59
Q

Nervous System that has postganglionic M1-M5 (muscarinic) receptors

A

Parasympathetic

60
Q

Nervous System that has preganglionic Nicotinic receptors?

A

Para and Sympathetic NS

61
Q

Nervous System that responds to “fight or flight”

A

Sympathetic

62
Q

Nervous System that responds to “rest and digest”

A

Parasympathetic

63
Q

Cervical Vertebra

A

8

64
Q

Thoracic Vertebra

A

12

65
Q

Lumbar Vertebra

A

5

66
Q

Sacral Vertebra

A

5

67
Q

Coccygeal vertebra

A

1

68
Q

Cauda Equina

A

“horse tail” rootlets that descend along the spinal cord after L1

69
Q

The trend below the L1 Nerve?

A

spinal cord is shorter than the vertebral column so nerve roots descend along the cord before emerging. this starts at L1

70
Q

Meninges

A

protective coverings in the spinal cord

71
Q

Nervous System that is mainly monosynaptic from the CNS to the target organ?

A

Somatic NS

72
Q

Nervous System that has a n1 receptor at the effector?

A

Somatic NS

73
Q

Nervous System that has a N2 receptor ?

A

ANS (para and symp)

74
Q

What type of receptor is responsible for: -production of IP3 and DAG -decrease production of cAMP -regulation of K+ channels

A

Muscarinic R. (1-5)

75
Q

Nervous System that contains adrenergic receptors ?

A

Sympathetic NS - a & B receptors

76
Q

Adrenergic receptor types:

A

a1,a2,B1,B2

77
Q

Adrenergic receptor that is located in most sympathetic target cells

A

a1

78
Q

Adrenergic receptor that is located in the digestive system

A

a2

79
Q

Adrenergic receptor that is located in the heart

A

B1

80
Q

Adrenergic receptor that is located in skeletal muscle; smooth muscle of some blood vessels and organs

A

B2

81
Q

Adrenergic receptor that has a greater affinity for NE than Epi?

A

a1,a2

82
Q

Adrenergic receptor that has equal affinity for NE and Epi?

A

B1

83
Q

Adrenergic receptor that only has affinity for Epi and NOT Norepi?

A

B2

84
Q

Adrenergic receptor that is excitatory?

A

a1,B1

85
Q

Adrenergic receptor that is inhibitory?

A

a2,B2

86
Q

Adrenergic receptor that causes increased smooth muscle contraction

A

a1

87
Q

Adrenergic receptor that causes a decrease in digestive motility or decrease smooth muscle contraction

A

a2

88
Q

Adrenergic receptor that increases rate and strength of cardiac muscle contraction

A

B1

89
Q

Adrenergic receptor that causes breakdown of glycogen in skeletal muscle; bronchiolar dilation and arteriolar vasodilation in skeletal muscle and heart (decrease in smooth muscle contraction)

A

B2

90
Q

the Catecholamine receptors interact with Ga(s)

A

B1, B2, DA1

91
Q

The Catecholamine receptors activate AC and raise levels of cAMP

A

B1,B2,DA1

92
Q

the Catecholamine receptors interact with Ga(i)

A

a2 , D2

93
Q

What Catecholamine receptors that inhibit AC

A

a2, D2

94
Q

What Catecholamine interacts Ga(q)

A

a1

95
Q

What Catecholamine receptor activates PLC and produces IP3 and DAG

A

a1

96
Q

The nervous system that activates the Adrenal Medulla

A

Sympathetic NS

97
Q

The receptors activated by the Adrenal medulla

A

a1,a2,B1,B2

98
Q

The location of cell bodies in the sympathetic preganglionic neurons

A

intermediolateral column ofthe thoracic and lumbar spinal cord (t1-L3)

99
Q

The location of cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons

A

are either in the brain (midbrain, pons medulla) or in the sacral spinal cord (s2-s4)

100
Q

a1-adrenergic agonists

A

(phenylephrine) used to treat nasal conjestion

101
Q

B-adrenergic antagonists

A

(propanolol) used to treat hypertension

102
Q

B-adrenergic agonist

A

(isoproterenol) used as bronchodilators to treat asthma

103
Q

Atropine

A

muscarinic antagonist used to dilate the pupil for eye exams

104
Q

varicosities

A

many axons of postganglionic neurons that make multiple points of contact.

105
Q

Cotransmission

A

can modulate responses in the autonomic nervous system (small and large vessicles for fast and slow firing rate) [depends on Ca]

106
Q

3 phases of contraction of vascular smooth muscle cell

A

phase 1 - ATP bind to P2X purinoceptor (depolarization) and a rapid Ca increase phase 2 - norepinephrine binds to an a1-receptor (Ga[q] cascade ip3 an DAG increase moderately fast calcium release) phase 3 - Y binds to Y1 receptor and causes a SLOW increase in Ca

107
Q

NO (2 phases)

A

phase 1 - mediated by NO and ACh, neuron releases NO and it diffuses through smooth muscle cell; ACh binds to M3 on endothelial cells leading to production of NO (eNOS) . NO activates guanylyl cyclase and raise [cGMP]i in the smooth muscle cell. (relaxation) phase 2 - tends to occur more with prolonged or intense stimulation, VIP binds to receptors on smooth muscle cell and causes a delayed relaxation through an increase in [cAMP]i or decrease in Ca2+.

PHPY 301 (23 decks)

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