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PHPY 301 > Lec 27 > Flashcards

Lec 27 Flashcards

1
Q

Circadian Rhythm: Core Temperature & Alertness

A

raise while awake and lower while sleeping

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2
Q

Circadian Rhythm: GH & Cortisol

A

Highest during sleep, but do raise randomly while awake

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3
Q

Circadian Rhythm: Potassium

A

excretion of K+ by kidneys is the highest during the day

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4
Q

Circadian Rhythm: Mimosa leaf movements

A

facilitate harvesting light (leaves extend during the day)

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5
Q

Circadian Rhythm: arthropod Drosphila activity

A

internal clock to be more active during the day and synchronized with light. <24 hour clock

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6
Q

Luciferase expression

A

Unicell devision, Arthopod Drosophila activity, Mouse core body temperature

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7
Q

Circadian Rhythm: regulation

A

regulated by an internal clock;

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8
Q

Circadian Rhythm: that depend on sleep

A

GH, Prolactin

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9
Q

Zeitgebers

A

“time givers” Environmental ques entrain our biological rhythms to the earth’s 24 hour cycle .

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10
Q

Zeitgebers: Environmental Ques

A

*** LIGHT, temp, sound, humidity, social interactions, availability of food.

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11
Q

free-run

A

absence of environmental ques allows our inherent rhythms or our biological clocks to run free. Shifts right gradually (later in the day)

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12
Q

Circadian Rhythm: Humans natural rhythm interval

A

24.5 - 25.5 hours

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13
Q

sleep-wake cycles

A

remain stable with the removal of environmental ques but lengthen to 25 hours. (free running)
Low point of body temperature shifts from the endo of the sleep period to the beginning however it shifts back when entrained again.

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14
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

A

in hypothalamus ; its our internal clock; near optic chiasm

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15
Q

SCN: lesions

A

circadian rhythms are abolished even with environmental ques present. (high frequency rhythms)

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16
Q

SWS1 SWS2

A

two levels or non-REM sleep

17
Q

isolated SCN cells

A

still generate a rhythm. They dont need other cells

18
Q

Clock genes

A

produce proteins that inhibit further transcription.
2 families: Period (per1-3) & Cryptochrome(Cry1-2)
Day = high levels of mRNA and low protein
Night = high nuclear protein levels , attenuated gene expression. Synced by light exposure

19
Q

GFP

A

used to show the gene expression rhythm through the day

20
Q

ganglion cells

A

Entrainment of the SCN to light; uses photopigment melanopsin. sends signal to SCN via retinohypothalamic tract

21
Q

melanopsin

A

photopigment within ganglion cells used to detect light

22
Q

retinohypothalamic tract

A

Passage between ganglion cells to the SCN to sense light

23
Q

Proof Ganglion cells detect light (2)

A
  1. mice without rods or cones can still sense light (by patch clamp)
  2. Melanopsin found in ganglion cells (probably can sense light this way)
24
Q

GABA

A

primary synchronizing signal (expressed in SCN neurons)

25
Q

AVP or VIP

A

expressed in SCN neurons (along with GABA)

26
Q

VPAC2

A

receptor for VIP (Vasoactive intestinal peptide) ; when disrupted , it disrupts circadian rhythms by reducing amplitudes and coherence.

27
Q

Blocking V1a & V1b

A

reduce jet lag

28
Q

Time to return to former rhythm

A

8 days

29
Q

SCN controls endocrine and metabolic rhythm (2 ways)

A
  1. connections to brain involving sleep an wakefulness & release of sleep dependent hormones (PRL and GH)
  2. Through specific connections to neuroendocrine systems (adrenocorticotropic axis) and the autonomic nervous system, the SCN can drive rhythms independently of sleep. (release of melatonin by the pineal gland and cortisol by adrenal gland)
30
Q

GH secretion during sleep

A

highly episodic and occurs primarily during the first few hours of sleep

31
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

ACTH and cortisol excretion occurs during the day with the circadian rhythm

PHPY 301 (23 decks)

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