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Anatomy > Lec 5 Regions and Triangle > Flashcards

Lec 5 Regions and Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

Cervical Pleura

A

double layered membrane that cover lungs and extends above first rib, makes dome shape (culpa)

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2
Q

Hyoid

A

free floating bone, only muscular attachment

located at c3/c4

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3
Q

Landmarks on the Hyoid bone

A

Body
Greater horn
Lesser horn

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4
Q

Groove for spinal nerve is located where and does what

A

indention on cervical vertebrae lateral and inferior to the intervertebral foramina, protects spinal nerve when exiting spinal cord

between anterior and posterior tubercle of transverse process

the gutter

*remember where intervertebral foramina are to help you understand. it is not the transverse forearm used for vertebral artery

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5
Q

name of the place where vertebrae meet

A

superior articular facet

inferior articular process

facet joint

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6
Q

where is another place that c1 and c2 connect

A

dens of c2 on dens facet of c1

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7
Q

Upper, Middle and Lower cervical regions

A

C1-C2 upper
C3, C4, C5 middle
C6 C7 lower

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8
Q

Where on the vertebral column are there no intervertebral discs? What joint is there instead?

A

between occipital bone and C1 (OA joint)
and
C1 and C2 (AA joint)

OA joint - synovial condyloid joint
AA joint - synovial pivot joint

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9
Q

where is the carotid process

A

c6, anterior to transverse foramen

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10
Q

Sternocleidomastoid MA

A

MA:
- unilateral; laterally flexes neck, contralateral rotation so face is facing superiorly to opposite side

  • bilateral; (1) extends OA joint, (2) flexes cervical vertebrae so chin approaches manubrium (3) extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vertebrae so chin is thrust forward with head level

with cervical vertebrae fixed, may elevate manubrium and medial clavicles as part as deep respiration

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11
Q

Sternocleidomastoid OINs

A

SMA: mastoid process and superior nuchal line

ILA; sternal head; manubrium of sternum
clavicular head; medial third of clavicle

N: Spinal Accessory Nerve C3, C4

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12
Q

Torticollis (and adult name)

A

fibrous tissue tumor - infant

spasm of SCM

head side bent with contralateral rotation

cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis)

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13
Q

Platysma

A

MA: draws corners of mouth inferiorly and widens it as in expressions of sadness and fright, draws skin of neck superiorly when teeth are clenched

SMA: inferior border of mandible, skin and subcutanous tissues of lower face

ILA: pec major and delts

N: facial nerve

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14
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A

Mylohyoid (think molar)
Digastric (anterior and posterior belly)
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid )think chin)

Be able to identify but done worry about attachments!

Diagastric - posterior belly goes to mastoid, anterior goes to tip of chin

mylohyoid: behind anterior belly of digastric

stylohyoid: connects hyoid bone to behind ear area (tiny skinny one)

geniohyoid; tip of chin straight back to hyoid bone

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15
Q

Infrahyoids

A

Thyrohyoid (right behind thyroid cartilage)

Sternothyroid (sternum/thyroid cartilage area so lower, to hyroid)

Omohyoid (inferior belly lines clavicle, superior belly goes to hyoid, makes L)

Sternohyoid (from sternum to hyroid)

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16
Q

borders of anterior triangle

A

anterior - median line of neck

posterior - anterior border of the SCM

superior boundary - inferior border of mandible

apex at jugular notch of the manubrium

roof formed by subcutaneous tissue containing platysma

Floor formed by pharanyx, laranyx and thyroid gland

17
Q

triangles in the anterior triangle

A

submental
submandibular
carotid
muscular (omotrachel) triangle

focus on carotid

18
Q

muscular triangle (omotracheal)

A
  • sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscle
  • thyroid and parathyroid glands
19
Q

submental triangle

A
  • submental lymph nodes
  • veins that untie into anterior jugular vein
20
Q

submandibular (digastric) triangle

A
  • submandibular gland almost fills triangle, submandibular lymph nodes, mylohyoid nerve, hypoglossal nerve, parts of facial artery and vein
21
Q

*Carotid triangle (borders and contents)

A
  • spinal accessory nerve, facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch
  • internal jugular vein
  • common carotid artery (carotid sinus, carotid body)
  • ansa cervicalis; nerve loop are IJV
  • the superior belly of omohyoid
  • posterior digastric (upper border/anterior border)
  • anterior belly of SCM (border)
  • top tip at ear lobe
22
Q

What does the carotid artery split into? What two important features exist at the split?

A
  • internal and external carotid artery

at the split:

  • carotid sinus - baroreceptor, detects changes in blood pressure
  • carotid body - chemoreceptor, cluster of cells that detect changes in the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
23
Q

ansa cervicalis

A

The ansa cervicalis is a loop-shaped nerve structure composed of contributions from the cervical nerves C1, C2, and C3. It forms a loop around the internal jugular vein and the carotid sheath.

24
Q

What splits the lateral triangle?

A

omohyoid muscle (inferior belly)

into occipital triangle and omoclavicular triangle (think name)

25
Q

lateral region (focus more on this than the individual contents)

A
  • spinal accessory nerve
  • external jugular vein
  • serratus anterior
  • suprascapular nerve
  • brachial plexus
  • suprascapular artery and vein
26
Q

occiptial triangle

A
  • spinal accessory nerve
  • part of external jugular vein
  • post, branches of cervical plexus
  • cervical lymph
27
Q

omoclavivular (subclavian) triangle

A
  • subclavian artery
  • trunks of brachial plexus
  • part of subclavian vein
  • suprascapular artery
  • supraclavicular lymph nodes
28
Q

Arteries of the lateral triangle

A
  • brachiocephalic trunk splits into right common carotid artery and right subclavian
  • subclavian artery has three parts; 1; medial, 2; posterior and 3; lateral to the anterior scalene muscle
29
Q

posterior triangle

A
  • upper trap
  • levator scap
  • splenius cervicis
  • omohyoid inferior belly (remember inferior runs laterally like along clavicle so it extends into this region too)
30
Q

what vertebral level is thyroid cartilage at?

A

C5 C6

31
Q

Nerves in the neck

A
  • spinal accessory nerve (XI)
  • phrenic nerve (C5 accessory phrenic, C3/4 roots of phrenic nerve)
  • suprascapular nerve (right under clavicle, so injuries to clavicle would affect)
  • brachial plexus
32
Q

Nerves in the root of the neck

A
  • phrenic nerve
  • vagus nerve (X)
  • recurrent laryngeal nerve
33
Q

What levels make up the cervical plexus

A

C1-C5 anterior rami forming roots of cervical plexus

34
Q

Know the dermatome locations (vaguely)

A
35
Q

CN XI Lesion - Palsy

A

lesions of the spinal accessory nerve may be caused by

  • penetrating trauma
  • surgical procedures in the lateral cervical region
  • tumors at the cranial base or cancerous cervical lymph nodes
  • fractures of the jugular foramen, where CN XI leaves the cranium
36
Q

Prevertebral neck muscles

A
  • rectus capitis anterior
  • longus capitis
  • longus coli

Deep to thyroid cartilage

37
Q

**What joint do the anterior muscles control and what conditions might hurt them?

A

Deep anterior muscles control OA joint

Get hurt with whiplash and ACDF - anterior cervical discectomy and fusion

Anatomy (23 decks)

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