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Anatomy > Lec 11 Antebrachial extensors > Flashcards

Lec 11 Antebrachial extensors Flashcards

1
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus and Brevis

A

MA: extend the wrist (radiocarpal joint), radial deviation, ECRL activate during fist clenching

PA:
Longus: lateral **supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus
Brevis: lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)

DA:
Longus: base of 2nd metacarpal
Brevis: base of 3rd Metacarpal

N: Radial Nerve C6, C7 C8

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2
Q

Extensor Digitorum

A

MA: extends medial 4 digits MCP 1 degree and IP two degrees

PA: lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon)

DA: extensor expansions of medial four digits

N: Radial N (deep branch) *C7, C8

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3
Q

Extensor Digiti Minimi

A

MA: Extend the 5th digit MCP 1 degree and IP 2 degrees

PA: lateral epicondyle

DA: extensor expansion of 5th digit

N: Radial (deep branch) *C7 C8

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4
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

A

MA: Extend the wrist, ulnar deviation, active during fist clenching

PA: lateral epicondyle

DA: base of 5th metacarpal

Radial N: *C7 C8

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5
Q

Extensor Indicis

A

MA: extend the 2nd digit (MCP joint), may assist with wrist extension

PA: posterior ulna and interosseous membrane

DA: extensor expansion of 2nd digit

N: radial PIN *C7 C8

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6
Q

Outcropping muscles of deep layer

A

abductor policis longus
extensor policis brevis
extensor policis longus

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7
Q

Abductor Pollicis Longus

A

MA: radially abduct and extend the thumb (CMC joint)

PA: posterior proximal ulna, radius and interosseous membrane

DA: Base of 1st metacarpal

N: Radial PIN C7 *C8

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8
Q

Extensor Pollicis Brevis and Longus

A

MA: Extend the thumb MCP and CMC joints, (Longus does IP!)

PA:
Longus: Posterior ulna and interosseous membrane
Brevis: Posterior radius and interosseous membrane

DA:
Longus: base of distal phalanx of thumb
Brevis: base of proximal phalanx of thumb

N: Radial C7 *C8

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9
Q

Wrist and Hand movements precision

A

shoulder and elbow get arm into position and wrist and hand give us fine motor control and purposeful dexterity to interact with external environment

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10
Q

How can you tell if the radius is posterior or anterior

A

Listers tubercles, pulley for EPBL

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11
Q

Proximal row of carpals

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

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12
Q

Distal row carpals

A

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hook of hamate

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13
Q

How can you tell if the hand if dorsal or palmar?

A

Palmar = full pisiform
Dorsal = half

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14
Q

Parts of a metacarpal

A

base, shaft, head

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15
Q

Distal Radial Ulnar joint

A

structural: pivot

uniaxial (functional classification)

pronation and supination

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16
Q

Supporting ligaments of the distal radioulnar joint

A

volar radioulnar ligaments

dorsal radioulnar ligaments

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17
Q

Radiocarpal joint (articulations and movements)

A

the wrist

structural: ellipsoid
functional: biaxial

distal forearm and proximal carpal bones

or

radius to lunate and scaphoid

movements; flexion, extension, radial deviation, ulnar deviation

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18
Q

Where is the midcarpal joint

A

between proximal and distal row of carpals

structural; ellipsoid

functional; biaxial

movements; flexion, extension, radial and ulnar deviation and CIRCUMDUCTION

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19
Q

Main Wrist and carpal ligaments

A

Radial collateral ligament
Dorsal radioulnar ligament
Triangular fibrocartilage disc (TFCC)
UCL?

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20
Q

TFCC

A

cushion between distal ulna and carpals

stability on ulnar side of wrist

fills in gap between ulna and wrist!

21
Q

Radial collateral ligament at wrist

A

originates and radius styloid process and inserts on scaphoid and trapezium

22
Q

Where is the dorsal radioulnar ligament?

A

connects radius and ulna (think annular ligament but distal)

23
Q

Carpometacarpal joints (CMC) movements and joint type

A

Gliding joints

Movement: volar/dorsal gliding

24
Q

Metacarpophalangeal Joints

A

“knuckles”

structural: ellipsoid
Functional: biaxial

movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction of fingers

25
Q

Flexion and extension of metacarpophalanges

A

flexion: volar gliding

extension: dorsal gliding

26
Q

interphalangeal joints

A

structural: hinge
functional: uniaxial

PIP = power grip

DIP

thumb only has IP

27
Q

What joints of the wrist and hand are uniaxial?

A

distal radioulnar joint

IP joints

28
Q

CMC Thumb joint

type and movements

A

saddle joint
biaxial

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

BASILAR joint

TRAPEZIUM and 1st metacarpal (thumb)

29
Q

Which extensor tendon zone is most delicate and why?

A

Zone 2 - No mans land

between PIP and DIP

contains both flexor and extensor tendons, making surgical interventions more difficult

30
Q

How many extensor zones are there?

A

8 zones

31
Q

Parent structure for the common interosseous artery

A

ulnar artery

comes off below elbow then splits

32
Q

What artery does the common interosseous membrane split into?

A

anterior and posterior interosseous artery

they will be in the middle where the interosseous membrane is

33
Q

Extrinsic vs intrinsic

A

extrinsic - originates proximal to the wrist, generates greater force

intrinsic - contained entirely within the hand, precise control

34
Q

Tennis Elbow

A

superficial extensors - ECRL and ECRB (compartment 2)

inflammation of the periosteum at the lateral epicondyle

pain with gripping, opening a heavy door, lifting a glass

2 kinds of inflammation are…

35
Q

Epicondylitis vs epicondylosis

A

epicondylitis - acute inflammation

epicondylosis - old pain (degenerative), not swollen

36
Q

If you hand is in a mid pronated position (thumbs up), what muscles contribute to flexing the wrist? (thumb towards you)

A

Flexor Carpi Radials
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus and Brevis

37
Q

If you hand is in a mid pronated position (thumbs up), what muscles contribute to extending the wrist? (thumb away from you)

A

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

38
Q

Where is the anatomical snuffbox located? What runs though it?

A

Space between the tendons of Abductor Pollicis Longus + Extensor Pollicis Brevis and the Extensor Pollicis Longus

The radial artery runs through, you can feel pulse

Superficial radial nerve supplies sensation

39
Q

Arm and Hand dermatomes!

A

C6 C7 C8

know the location, slide 54

40
Q

Thumb extension dermatome vs myotome

A

dermatome C6

Myotome C8

41
Q

Review Myotomes for arm and wrist

A

C5: Shoulder abduction

C6: elbow flexion, wrist extension

C7: elbow extension, wrist flexion

C8: finger flexion, thumb extension

T1: finger abduction

42
Q

Extensor Retinaculum (function and location)

A

very thick, dorsal side of wrist

keeps tendons in place and separates them into 6 compartments

43
Q

List the compartments

A

1 - APL & EPB
2 - ECRL & ECRB
3 - EPL
4 - Extensor Digitorum and Extensor Indices
5 - Extensor Digit Minimi
6 - Extensor Carpi ulnaris

44
Q

De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis

A

“Texting Thumb”

cumulative trauma disorder of tendons of 1st dorsal compartment

common in new mothers, repetitive keystrokes, gamers

45
Q

What is Tenodesis (think your cadaver)

What level spinal cord injury would someone have to use this effect?

A

Passive finger flexion creates by active wrist extension

functional way to grip for individuals with paralysis of finger flexors

Injury at C7, so they have C6 wrist extension but not C8 which is finger flexion

46
Q

What are the two distal radius fractures?

A

Smith fracture - volar displacement of distal bone (inward)

MS SMITH IS VOLITILE

Colles fracture - dorsal displacement (outward)

47
Q

When healing a fractured wrist, where would the plate go - which side?

A

Volar side because listers tubercle on dorsal side makes uneven surface

48
Q

What carpal bone is most commonly fractured?

A

Scaphoid

from a FOOSH injury

can lead to necrotic proximal fragment (proximal segment can lose blood supply from radial artery and cause tissue death)

Anatomy (23 decks)

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