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Anatomy > Lec 10 Forearm and Elbow > Flashcards

Lec 10 Forearm and Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

Anconeus

A

MA: Abduct ulna during pronation, stabilize elbow joint, assist triceps with extension

PA: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

DA: Lateral olecranon

N: Radial C7, C8, T1

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2
Q

Supinator

A

has a superficial and deep layer, deep layer starts on posterior ulna

MA: Supinate the forearm (proximal radioulnar joint)

PA: lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and anular ligaments, supinator fossa, crest of ulna

DA: lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radias

N: PIN of radial nerve C7 and C8

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3
Q

Pronator teres

A

MA: pronate the forearm (radioulnar joint) (assitst to flex elbow but not really)

PA: common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle of humerus) and coronoid process

DA: lateral surface of radius

N: Median N C6 and C7

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4
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

MA: flex the wrist and radial deviation (abduct at wrist)

PA: common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle)

DA: Bases of the 2nd and 3rd Metacarples

N: Median Nerve C6 *C7

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5
Q

Palmaris Longus

A

MA: Flex the wrist and tense the palmar aponeurosis

PA: common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle)

DA: Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

N: Median N C7 and C8 (bc goes down to palm

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6
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

MA: Flex the wrist, ulnar deviation

PA:
- humeral head: common flexor tendon
- ulnar head: posterior ulna

DA: pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal

N: Ulnar N C7 and *C8

*Special because its the 1/4 muscle that comes from medial epicondyle that is not innervated by median nerve

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7
Q

Pronator Quadratus

A

MA: pronate the arm, deep fibers binds the radius and ulna together

PA: distal ulna

DA: distal radius

N: Medial AIN N C8 and T1

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8
Q

What makes up the condyle of the humerus?

A

Capitellum (lateral)
Trochlea (medial and bigger)

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9
Q

Anterior vs Posterior fossa of humerus (3!)

A

Anterior is coronoid fossa AND RADIAL FOSSA (lateral)

Posterior is olecranon fossa

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10
Q

Lateral and medial intermuscular spetum

A

Possibly just to check if we know lateral vs medial humerus

connective tissue structures that extend from the humeral shaft to the surrounding muscles and serve to divide the arm into compartments

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11
Q

Parts of the radius

A

Head
Neck
Radial tuberosity

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12
Q

Where is the radial tuberosity?

A

Proximal radius on MEDIAL side

use to help you oriented

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13
Q

Know where to locate the olecranon, tochlear notch, radial notch, supinator crest, coronoid process

A
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14
Q

What three joints make up the elbow? How many degrees of freedom does the elbow joint have?

A

3 distinct joints share a common synovial cavity (humeroulnar joint, proximal radioulnar joint, humeroradial

DF: 2
flexion/extension
pronation/supination

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15
Q

Carrying angle

A

norm 5-15 lateral angle of forearm

only present in supinated position, may be because the trochlea protrudes more distally

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16
Q

Variations of carrying angle

A

cubitus valgus > 15 degrees

cubitus varus < 5 degrees “gunstock deformity”

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17
Q

Name the two primary elbow ligaments

A

Collateral ligaments - RCL and UCL

Annular ligament of radius

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18
Q

Where are the RCL and UCL located and what movements do they prevent?

A

RCL on radial side from humerus to radius,

UCL on ulnar side, has THREE divisions

prevent adduction and abduction of elbow

(so think ligaments on side, prevent side to side motions)

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19
Q

**What are the three divisions of the UCL?

A

Anterior band - cord like

Posterior band - fan like

Oblique band

20
Q

Where is the annular ligament of radius?

A

Wraps around head of radius, connects to ulna

blends in with RCL

21
Q

What ligament is repaired during tommy john surgery?

A

UCL

can be due to a rupture after constant stretching

can be fixed with an autogradft from palmaris longus or plantaris

can make a synthetic ligaments (new)

drill holes

22
Q

Describe the elbow joint capsule

A

Encapsulates all three articulations

its fairly loose, thin and weak on the anterior / posterior aspect which allows more flexion and extension movements

stronger medially and laterally (ligaments) to prevent side to side mvoements

23
Q

FOOSH common injuries

A

Fall on outstretched hand

Monteggia and Galleazzi

24
Q

**Monteggia

A

ulnar fracture with radial head dislocation

25
Q

**Galleazzi

A

radial fracture with distal radioulnar joint dislocation

Gazelle Running in the Distance

26
Q

What is significant about the elbow vascular supply?

A

Anastomotic network of vessels derived from collateral and recurrent (going UP) branches of the brachial, profunda brachii, radial and ulnar arteries

27
Q

Who is the ulnar artery’s parent structure?

A

Bracial artery splits into radial and ulnar artery

28
Q

Who innervates the elbow flexors and extensors?

A

Flexors - Musculocutaneous N

Extensors - Radial N

29
Q

Where are bursa located?

A

3 on back of elbow

30
Q

Humeroulnar joint - articulation and movements

A

DF: 1, flexion/extension

Trochlear notch of olecranon process with olecranon fossa

Trochlear notch and trochlear ridge alignment help guide movements of the joint

trochlear ridge - refers to the prominent edges or raised portions on either side of the trochlea. It helps to define the space for the ulna as it articulates with the trochlea

31
Q

Humeroradial joint articulations and movements

A

Capitulum and radial head

1DF flex/extension

32
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint articulation and movements

A

radial head and radial notch of ulna

synovial pivot

DF: pronation/supination
(forearm rotation)

33
Q

Cubital Fossa borders

A

Medial - pronator teres
Lateral - brachioradialis
Superior - kinda the brachialis, epicondyles are good landmark
floor - supinator and maybe brachialis

34
Q

Cubital fossa contents

A

TAN
T - Biceps tendon
A - brachial artery
N - Median Nerve

**TAN is LATERAL TO MEDIAL

RADIAL Nerve runs on outside of cubital fossa?

35
Q

Median cubital vein

A

joins basilic vein and cephalic vein

venopuncture

36
Q

Myotomes for elbow flexion and extension

A

flexion c6 extension c7

37
Q

radioulnar complex

A

proximal and distal synovial joints

interosseus membrane

38
Q

Pronation radius movements

A

radius functionally shortens

flips over at wrist

39
Q

What are the functions of the interosseous membrane?

A

holds radius and ulna together

increases surface area for attachments

collagen fibers transfer axial forces from distal radius to proximal ulna (absorbs shock when you fall)

40
Q

Oblique cord

A

Know where it is!!

interosseous membrane

below radial notch of ulna to radial tuberosity

limits distal (inferior) motion of radius “pulled elbow”

41
Q

Quadrate ligament

A

radial notch of ulna to neck of radius

42
Q

Distal radioulnar joint

A

rounded head of ulna articulates with ulnar notch of radius

synovial pivot

articular disc that helps with pronation/supination and keeps separation between joint and wrist

L shaped joint cavity

43
Q

TFCC

A

triangular disc

Triangular fibre cartilage complex

binds the ends of the radius and ulna

connects the anterior and posterior radioulnar ligaments

disc attaches to ulnar styloid process

Separates distal radioulnar joint from radiocarpal joint

44
Q

KNOW WHERE THE SKIN INNERVATION IS FOR THE 5 TERMINAL BRANCHES

A
45
Q

FDS

A

MA: Flex digits 2-5 at proximal phalanx (MCP), and middle phalanx (PIP joints)

PA: humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle and coronoid process of ulna, radial head: anterior radius

DA: shafts of middle phalanx of digits 2-5

N: Median N C7, C8, T1

46
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

MA: Flex digits 2-5 at MCP, PIP & DIP

PA: proximal ulna and interosseous membrane

DA: medial part: digits 4&5, lateral part: digits 1&2

N: lateral: Median AIN C8 T1, medial: ulnar C8, T1

47
Q

Flexor Pollicis Longus

A

MA: flexes phalanges of thumb

PA: anterior radius and interosseous membrane

DA: base of distal phalanx of 1st digit

N: Median AIN C8 T1

Anatomy (20 decks)

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