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Pharmacology II > LEC 4 - Reproductive Drugs - Females > Flashcards

LEC 4 - Reproductive Drugs - Females Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four cylces of the female reproductive tract.

A

Estrous/Behavioral

Ovarian

Uterine

Hormonal

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2
Q

What are the parts of the Estrous cycle?

A

Proestrus

Estrus

Metestrus

Diestrus

Anestrus

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3
Q

What are the parts of the ovarian cycle?

A

Follicular

Luteal

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4
Q

What are the parts of the uterine cycle?

A

Menes

Proliferation

Secretory

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5
Q

What are the parts of the hormonal cycle?

A

Estradiol

Progesterone

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6
Q

What two peaks occur for ovulation to happen?

A

Estrogen > LH

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7
Q

What peaks post ovulation?

A

Progesterone

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8
Q

What are the two nuclei in the hypothalamus that are responsible for female reproductive regulation?

A

Tonic Nuclei

– and –

Surge Nuclei

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9
Q

What is occurring hormonally during the follicular phase?

A

Inhibin from follicle is inhibiting pituitary FSH?LH

Surge nuclei stimulating pituitary to release FSH/LH

Estradiol stimulating surge nuclei

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10
Q

What is occurring hormonally during the ovulatory phase?

A

estradiol is stimulation pituitary and the surge nuclei

LH stimulating hte follicle

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11
Q

What is occurring in the luteal phase of ovulation?

A

Progesterone inhibiting the surge nuclei and pit.

LH is less so coming form the PIT

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12
Q

What are the indications for using GnRH in females?

A

Treatment of follicular cysts - cows/dogs

Synchronization of estrus - cows

Detect ovarian remnants - cats

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13
Q

What are the indications for using hCG in females?

A

Treatment of follicular cysts - cows

Induction of estrus - gilts and sows

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of hCG?

A

Stimulate LH

Need RX to get

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of eCG?

A

Stimualte FSH

OTC drug

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16
Q

What are the common causes of follicular cysts in cattle?

A

Lack of synchorny between follicle maturation + LH surge

= Continuous high systemic estradiol levels

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17
Q

What happens to the cow early on with follicular cysts?

A

Endometrial edema

Cystic hyperplasia

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18
Q

What happens chronically to a cow with follicular cysts?

A

Mucometra

Endometrial atrophy

Squamous metaplasia

Myometrial atony

Cystic gartner’s duct

bartholin’s glands

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19
Q

What does progestins do when given to a female?

A

Prolong diestrus by effectively maintaining high progesterone levels

20
Q

Indications: Medroxyprogesterone acetate

A

Suppression of estrus

Dogs + Cats + Horse

21
Q

Indications: Megestrol acetate

A

Suppression of estrus

Dogs + Cats

22
Q

Indications: Progesterone

A

Synchornizing estrus - Beef/Dairy cattles + sheep

23
Q

What is altrenogest used for?

A

Luteal insufficency (Dogs + horses)

Synchronization (Horses + Sows)

24
Q

How sis altrenogest handled by the body?

A

Given PO

Eliminated in the urine

25
Q

What is a contraindication when using altrenogest?

A

Activation of microsomal enzymes by Rifampin can reduce the acitivity of the drug

26
Q

What is different about the maintence of the CL in cattle?

A

CL produces oxytocin

Oxytocin stimulates uterues to produce PGF2alpha

PGF2alpha shuts down CL

Utreus takes over in producing progesterone

27
Q

What are the indications for using PGF2alpha?

A

Lysis of luteal cysts

Synchronization of estrus - cows

Estrus induction - horses

Abortions - Dairy cattle, sheep, goats, small animals

Induction of partution - swine

Hydro/Mucometra - sheep/goat

Pyometra - Cows

Slient estrus - Lactating cows

28
Q

PGF2 alpha abortion use window: Dog

A

No PGF2alpha sensitivity

29
Q

PGF2 alpha abortion use window: Cat

A

No sensitivity

30
Q

PGF2 alpha abortion use window: Pig

A

Insensitive to PGF2alpha 10 to 12 days post ovulation

31
Q

PGF2 alpha abortion use window: Pigs

A

10 to 12d post-ovulation

32
Q

PGF2 alpha abortion use window: Sheep + Cow + Horse

A

4 to 6 days post ovulation

33
Q

How is PGF2alpha adminstered?

A

IM NEVER IV

34
Q

How is PGF2alpha handled by the body?

A

Metabolized by the lungs

Meat withdrawl time is 0

35
Q

PGF2alpha adverse reactions: Cattle

A

Transient increased temperature

Injection site infections

36
Q

PGF2alpha adverse reactions: Horses

A

Trasient decreased temperature

Increased RR/HR

Ataxia

Abdominal pain

laying down

37
Q

PGF2alpha adverse reactions: Swine

A

Increased RR

Dyspnea

Abdominal muscle spasms

Nesting

VOcalization

Salivation

Pruiritis

38
Q

When should PGF2alpha not be given?

A

Closed pyometras

RAO/Asthma

39
Q

What is the basic synchronization protocol?

A

Give CIDR device (progesterone)

6 days later - Give dinoprost

1 day later - remove CIDR

40
Q

What is important when talking to the client about doing a synchronization protocol and obtaining the supplies?

A

CIDR = OTC

Dinoprost = RX

41
Q

what are the indications for oxytocin use?

A

Induction/enhancement of uterine contractions

Retained placenta

Postpartum metritis

Uterine involution following the correction of prolapsed uterus

Agalactia

42
Q

What two reflexes involve oxytocin?

A

Milk ejection

– and –

Ferguson

43
Q

What cell type does ocytocin act on?

A

Myoepithelial cells

44
Q

Where does oxytocin naturally come form?

A

Neurohypophysis

45
Q

How is oxytocin adminstered?

A

IV

IM

SC

IN

46
Q

What is important about the timing of oxytocin administration when giving it during labor?

A

Give before uterine inertia

47
Q

What are contrindications for using oxytocin?

A

Utrine cramping/discomfort/rupture

Hypersensitivity

Pharmacology II (20 decks)

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