LEC 4 - Reproductive Drugs - Females

Question 1

What are the four cylces of the female reproductive tract.

Answer 1

Estrous/Behavioral

Ovarian

Uterine

Hormonal

Question 2

What are the parts of the Estrous cycle?

Answer 2

Proestrus

Estrus

Metestrus

Diestrus

Anestrus

Question 3

What are the parts of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 3

Follicular

Luteal

Question 4

What are the parts of the uterine cycle?

Answer 4

Menes

Proliferation

Secretory

Question 5

What are the parts of the hormonal cycle?

Answer 5

Estradiol

Progesterone

Question 6

What two peaks occur for ovulation to happen?

Answer 6

Estrogen > LH

Question 7

What peaks post ovulation?

Answer 7

Progesterone

Question 8

What are the two nuclei in the hypothalamus that are responsible for female reproductive regulation?

Answer 8

Tonic Nuclei

– and –

Surge Nuclei

Question 9

What is occurring hormonally during the follicular phase?

Answer 9

Inhibin from follicle is inhibiting pituitary FSH?LH

Surge nuclei stimulating pituitary to release FSH/LH

Estradiol stimulating surge nuclei

Question 10

What is occurring hormonally during the ovulatory phase?

Answer 10

estradiol is stimulation pituitary and the surge nuclei

LH stimulating hte follicle

Question 11

What is occurring in the luteal phase of ovulation?

Answer 11

Progesterone inhibiting the surge nuclei and pit.

LH is less so coming form the PIT

Question 12

What are the indications for using GnRH in females?

Answer 12

Treatment of follicular cysts - cows/dogs

Synchronization of estrus - cows

Detect ovarian remnants - cats

Question 13

What are the indications for using hCG in females?

Answer 13

Treatment of follicular cysts - cows

Induction of estrus - gilts and sows

Question 14

What are the characteristics of hCG?

Answer 14

Stimulate LH

Need RX to get

Question 15

What are the characteristics of eCG?

Answer 15

Stimualte FSH

OTC drug

Question 16

What are the common causes of follicular cysts in cattle?

Answer 16

Lack of synchorny between follicle maturation + LH surge

= Continuous high systemic estradiol levels

Question 17

What happens to the cow early on with follicular cysts?

Answer 17

Endometrial edema

Cystic hyperplasia

Question 18

What happens chronically to a cow with follicular cysts?

Answer 18

Mucometra

Endometrial atrophy

Squamous metaplasia

Myometrial atony

Cystic gartner’s duct

bartholin’s glands

Question 19

What does progestins do when given to a female?

Answer 19

Prolong diestrus by effectively maintaining high progesterone levels

Question 20

Indications: Medroxyprogesterone acetate

Answer 20

Suppression of estrus

Dogs + Cats + Horse

Question 21

Indications: Megestrol acetate

Answer 21

Suppression of estrus

Dogs + Cats

Question 22

Indications: Progesterone

Answer 22

Synchornizing estrus - Beef/Dairy cattles + sheep

Question 23

What is altrenogest used for?

Answer 23

Luteal insufficency (Dogs + horses)

Synchronization (Horses + Sows)

Question 24

How sis altrenogest handled by the body?

Answer 24

Given PO

Eliminated in the urine

Question 25

What is a contraindication when using altrenogest?

Answer 25

Activation of microsomal enzymes by Rifampin can reduce the acitivity of the drug

Question 26

What is different about the maintence of the CL in cattle?

Answer 26

CL produces oxytocin Oxytocin stimulates uterues to produce PGF2alpha PGF2alpha shuts down CL Utreus takes over in producing progesterone

Question 27

What are the indications for using PGF2alpha?

Answer 27

Lysis of luteal cysts Synchronization of estrus - cows Estrus induction - horses Abortions - Dairy cattle, sheep, goats, small animals Induction of partution - swine Hydro/Mucometra - sheep/goat Pyometra - Cows Slient estrus - Lactating cows

Question 28

PGF2 alpha abortion use window: Dog

Answer 28

No PGF2alpha sensitivity

Question 29

PGF2 alpha abortion use window: Cat

Answer 29

No sensitivity

Question 30

PGF2 alpha abortion use window: Pig

Answer 30

Insensitive to PGF2alpha 10 to 12 days post ovulation

Question 31

PGF2 alpha abortion use window: Pigs

Answer 31

10 to 12d post-ovulation

Question 32

PGF2 alpha abortion use window: Sheep + Cow + Horse

Answer 32

4 to 6 days post ovulation

Question 33

How is PGF2alpha adminstered?

Answer 33

IM NEVER IV

Question 34

How is PGF2alpha handled by the body?

Answer 34

Metabolized by the lungs Meat withdrawl time is 0

Question 35

PGF2alpha adverse reactions: Cattle

Answer 35

Transient increased temperature Injection site infections

Question 36

PGF2alpha adverse reactions: Horses

Answer 36

Trasient decreased temperature Increased RR/HR Ataxia Abdominal pain laying down

Question 37

PGF2alpha adverse reactions: Swine

Answer 37

Increased RR Dyspnea Abdominal muscle spasms Nesting VOcalization Salivation Pruiritis

Question 38

When should PGF2alpha not be given?

Answer 38

Closed pyometras RAO/Asthma

Question 39

What is the basic synchronization protocol?

Answer 39

Give CIDR device (progesterone) 6 days later - Give dinoprost 1 day later - remove CIDR

Question 40

What is important when talking to the client about doing a synchronization protocol and obtaining the supplies?

Answer 40

CIDR = OTC Dinoprost = RX

Question 41

what are the indications for oxytocin use?

Answer 41

Induction/enhancement of uterine contractions Retained placenta Postpartum metritis Uterine involution following the correction of prolapsed uterus Agalactia

Question 42

What two reflexes involve oxytocin?

Answer 42

Milk ejection -- and -- Ferguson

Question 43

What cell type does ocytocin act on?

Answer 43

Myoepithelial cells

Question 44

Where does oxytocin naturally come form?

Answer 44

Neurohypophysis

Question 45

How is oxytocin adminstered?

Answer 45

IV IM SC IN

Question 46

What is important about the timing of oxytocin administration when giving it during labor?

Answer 46

Give before uterine inertia

Question 47

What are contrindications for using oxytocin?

Answer 47

Utrine cramping/discomfort/rupture Hypersensitivity