LEC 11-13 - Behavioral Drugs Flashcards
TCA’s (4)
Amitriptyline
Clomipramine
Doxepin
Imipramine
SSRI’s (5)
Fluoxetine
Proxetine
Sertraline
Citalopram
Fluvoxamine
CNS Stimulatents (2)
Amphetamine
Methyphenidate
Phenothiazines (2)
Acepromazine
Chlorpromazine
Other Behavioral Drugs (4)
Trazodone
Mirtazepine
Buspirone
Selegiline
Anticonvulsants (10)
Phenobarbital
Pentobarbital
Potassium bromide
Diazepam
Leviracetam
Zonisamide
Felbamate
Gabapentin
Valroic Acid
Phenytonin
Alpha2’s (7)
Xylazine
Detomidine
Medetomidine
Dexmedetomidine
Romifidine
Clonidine
Atipamezole
Benzo’s (6)
Diazepam
Alprazolam
Midazolam
Lorazepam
Oxazepam
Flumazenil
Dogs - Aggression (2)
TCA’s
SSRI’s
Dogs - General anxeity disorders (4)
TCA
SSRI
Buspirone
Trazodone
Dogs - Acral Lick dermatitis (2)
TCA
SSRI
Dogs - Cognitive dysfunction
Selegiline
Cats - Intersitital cystitis (1)
Amitriptyline
Cats - Urine marking (3)
TCA
SSRI
Buspirone
Cats - Intercat aggression
Buspirone
Cats - Compulsive behavior
SSRI
TCA
Cats - Appetite stimulant
Mirtazepine
Parrots - Feather picking
TCA
TCA - Adverse Effects
Dry mouth/eyes
Urinary retention
Sedation
Mydriasis
Benzodiazepine - Dogs use (5)
Submissive uriniation
Urine marking
Storm phobia
Seperation anxiety
Fear WITHOUT aggression
Benzodiazepines - Cat uses (3)
Increase appetite
Urine marking
Strom phobie
Benzodiazepines - Mare uses (1)
Foal rejection
Benzodiazepines - Bird uses (1)
Feather picking
Benzodiazepines - OD reversal
Flumazneil
Alpha2 Agonists - Dogs
Anxiolytic
*Clonidine as adjunct
Alpha2 Agonists - Cats
Induce vomiting
*Xylazine
Alpha2 Agonists - Horse
Sedation
***Penile prolapse can occur
Alpha2 Agonists - Sheep
TOXIC!!!
Alpha2 Agonists - Reversal
Alpha2 antagnonists =
Atipamezole
Alpha2 Agonists - Adverse effects
Ataxia
VOmiting
Sedation
Hyperglycemia
Anticonvulsants - Dogs (6)
Phenobarbital
Potassium bromide
Leviracetam
Zonisaminde
Felbamate
Gabapentin
Anticonvulsants - Cats (3)
Phenobarbital
Leviracetam
Zonisamide
Status epilepticus =
continous seizures of more than 5 minutes
Treatment protocol for status epilepticus
IV Benzo’s
Propofol
Barbiturates
Leviracetam
Phenytoin
Inhalation anesthetics
Dopamine is synthesized from
Tyrosine
Dopamine metabolized by:
Monoamine oxidase (MAO)
Dopamine is taken out of terminal by –
DAT
of dopamine receptors in the brain
5
Blocking what dopamine receptor and where causes motor deficits?
D2
Striatum
Reward pathway =
VTA-nucleus accumbens
Function of the median eminence pathway -
INhibits prolactin release
NE synthesized from -
Tyrosine
What terminates the action of NE at the synaptic cleft?
NET
What metabolizes NE?
MAO via hydrolysis
Where do NE pathways originate?
Locus coeruleus
Alpha2 receptor stiumlation leads to…
Decreased pain transmission
Sedation
Muscle relaxation
What three cognitive functions need NE?
Attention
Memory
Mood
What do antidepressants duein regards to NE?
Decrease re-uptake
5-HT is synthesized from…
Tryptophan
What takes 5-HT out of the terminal, ending its stimulation?
SERT
What metabolizes 5-HT?
MAO
Where do the 5-HT neurons originate?
Raphe nucleus
What two cognitive functions are 5-HT related to?
Appetite
Mood
What do most anti-depressants do in regards to 5-HT?
Inhibit reuptake
TCA’s - Mechanism
Inhibit re-uptake of 5-HT + NE
Blocks M + Histamine receptors = sedation
TCA’s - Onset time
2 to 4 weeks
TCA’s - Effects
Anxiolytic
Anti-compulsive
Anti-aggressive
TCA’s - Treatment length
Chronic
TCA’s - Protocol for stopping treatment
Withdraw slowly, unless putting on another anti-depressant
Amitriptyline - Mechanism
Inhibits reuptake of 5-HT + NE
*NE makes it useful for pain
M/Histamine receptor blockade
Amitriptyline - metabolism
to nortrityline
Amitriptyline - Adverse effects
Sedation
Mydriasis
Urinary retention
Weight gain
do NOT give to pregnant/lactating animals
Amitriptyline - Toxicity
Depression
Ataxia
Convulsions
Collapse
Amitriptyline - Use
Cats =
Pain
Compulsive behaviors (psychogenic alopecia)
urine marking
Dogs =
Comulsive disorders
Seperation anxeity
Agression
Amitriptyline - Mechanism for idiopathic interstiital cystitis
Decreased pain + bladder spasms
Clomipramine - Mechanism
5-HT > NE
Blocks muscarinic
Clomipramine - Adverse effects
Decrease thyroid hormones
Mydriasis
Regurgitation
Appetite change
urinary retention
Aviod in lactating animals
Clomipramine - Use in Dogs
Compulsive disorders (lick dermatitis)
Tail chasing
Separation anxeity (FDA)
Clomipramine - Use in Birds
Feather picking
Doxepin - Mechanism
NE > 5-HT
Doxepin - Regulation
Banned in racing horses
Doxepin - Use in birds
Destructive behvaior
Doxepin - Use in Small Animals
psychogenic dermatits
What should NOT be mixed with TCA’s?
Other TCA’s
MAO inhibitors
St Johns Wart
What happens when you mix TCA with other drugs you aren’t supposed to?
Serotonin syndrome
What does TCA overdose lead to?
Cardiac arrhythmias
Imipramine - Use in Dogs
Decrease inapproriate urination
Decreased withdrawn behavior in beagles
Imipramine - Horses
Ejaculatory dysfunction
SSRI - Mechanism
Inhibit reuptake of 5-HT
SSRI - Time for Effect Onset
3 to 4 weeks
SSRI - Overall function
Decrease response to stress
Increase Neural plasticity
Anxiolytic
Anti-compulsive
Anti-agression
SSRI - Use for
Generalized anxeity disorders (chronic state of fear)
Agression
Compulsive disorders
SSRI - Main side effect
Anorexia