Lec 18 - Organization And Scedulinging Practice For Motor Skills Pt.2 Flashcards
What is Schema Theory?
A theory explaining how general motor programs are learned by developing rules (schemas) that link surface features (observable characteristics) to parameters (modifiable variables).
What is a General Motor Program?
An abstract representation of a movement pattern adaptable to various tasks.
What are surface features in motor skills?
Observable characteristics of a movement, such as speed, force, and direction.
What are invariant features in a motor program?
Stable characteristics of a movement, like the relative timing of muscle activations, that remain consistent across variations.
What is a parameter in motor learning?
A modifiable value that adjusts surface features of a movement while preserving invariant features.
What is constant practice?
Practicing a single variation of a movement, focusing on one set of parameters.
What are the benefits of constant practice?
Faster acquisition of specific skills.
Better performance during initial learning.
What are the limitations of constant practice?
Poor adaptability to new tasks.
Limited transfer to novel situations.
What is variable practice?
Practicing multiple variations of a movement to develop a broader schema.
What are the benefits of variable practice?
Better generalization and adaptability.
Enhanced transfer to novel tasks.
When is constant practice more effective than variable practice?
During the initial stages of learning for specific, fixed tasks.
What is blocked practice?
Repeatedly practicing one task before switching to another.
What is random practice?
Practicing multiple tasks in a randomized sequence.
What did the Shea and Morgan Experiment demonstrate?
Blocked practice leads to better performance during acquisition.
Random practice results in better retention and long-term learning.
What is the elaboration hypothesis?
The idea that random practice enhances learning by forcing learners to differentiate between tasks, promoting deeper encoding and retention.
What is the forgetting hypothesis?
The concept that random practice strengthens learning by requiring learners to regenerate motor solutions when switching tasks.
What are the advantages of blocked practice?
Better immediate performance during acquisition.
Effective for introducing new skills.
What are the limitations of blocked practice?
Poor retention and adaptability.
Limited long-term learning benefits.
What are the advantages of random practice?
Promotes deeper learning and retention.
Enhances adaptability and problem-solving skills.
What are the limitations of random practice?
Less effective when tasks are too easy (no challenge).
Less effective when tasks are too hard (overwhelming).
What is hybrid practice?
A combination of blocked and random practice schedules, balancing focused repetition with task variability.
When is hybrid practice most effective?
When tasks vary in complexity.
To address individual learner needs and progress.
What are the key benefits of variable practice compared to constant practice?
Enhanced adaptability.
Better transfer to novel skills.
Why does random practice lead to better retention than blocked practice?
Deeper cognitive processing.
Repeated problem-solving through task switching.
What are the key takeaways from Lecture 18?
Variable practice improves adaptability.
Constant practice accelerates initial learning.
Random practice enhances long-term retention.
Blocked practice is effective for early learning stages.
Hybrid schedules balance focused repetition and task variability.
