Lec 18 - Organization And Scedulinging Practice For Motor Skills Pt.2

Question 1

What is Schema Theory?

Answer 1

A theory explaining how general motor programs are learned by developing rules (schemas) that link surface features (observable characteristics) to parameters (modifiable variables).

Question 2

What is a General Motor Program?

Answer 2

An abstract representation of a movement pattern adaptable to various tasks.

Question 3

What are surface features in motor skills?

Answer 3

Observable characteristics of a movement, such as speed, force, and direction.

Question 4

What are invariant features in a motor program?

Answer 4

Stable characteristics of a movement, like the relative timing of muscle activations, that remain consistent across variations.

Question 5

What is a parameter in motor learning?

Answer 5

A modifiable value that adjusts surface features of a movement while preserving invariant features.

Question 6

What is constant practice?

Answer 6

Practicing a single variation of a movement, focusing on one set of parameters.

Question 7

What are the benefits of constant practice?

Answer 7

Faster acquisition of specific skills.

Better performance during initial learning.

Question 8

What are the limitations of constant practice?

Answer 8

Poor adaptability to new tasks.

Limited transfer to novel situations.

Question 9

What is variable practice?

Answer 9

Practicing multiple variations of a movement to develop a broader schema.

Question 10

What are the benefits of variable practice?

Answer 10

Better generalization and adaptability.

Enhanced transfer to novel tasks.

Question 11

When is constant practice more effective than variable practice?

Answer 11

During the initial stages of learning for specific, fixed tasks.

Question 12

What is blocked practice?

Answer 12

Repeatedly practicing one task before switching to another.

Question 13

What is random practice?

Answer 13

Practicing multiple tasks in a randomized sequence.

Question 14

What did the Shea and Morgan Experiment demonstrate?

Answer 14

Blocked practice leads to better performance during acquisition.

Random practice results in better retention and long-term learning.

Question 15

What is the elaboration hypothesis?

Answer 15

The idea that random practice enhances learning by forcing learners to differentiate between tasks, promoting deeper encoding and retention.

Question 16

What is the forgetting hypothesis?

Answer 16

The concept that random practice strengthens learning by requiring learners to regenerate motor solutions when switching tasks.

Question 17

What are the advantages of blocked practice?

Answer 17

Better immediate performance during acquisition.

Effective for introducing new skills.

Question 18

What are the limitations of blocked practice?

Answer 18

Poor retention and adaptability.

Limited long-term learning benefits.

Question 19

What are the advantages of random practice?

Answer 19

Promotes deeper learning and retention.

Enhances adaptability and problem-solving skills.

Question 20

What are the limitations of random practice?

Answer 20

Less effective when tasks are too easy (no challenge).

Less effective when tasks are too hard (overwhelming).

Question 21

What is hybrid practice?

Answer 21

A combination of blocked and random practice schedules, balancing focused repetition with task variability.

Question 22

When is hybrid practice most effective?

Answer 22

When tasks vary in complexity.

To address individual learner needs and progress.

Question 23

What are the key benefits of variable practice compared to constant practice?

Answer 23

Enhanced adaptability.

Better transfer to novel skills.

Question 24

Why does random practice lead to better retention than blocked practice?

Answer 24

Deeper cognitive processing.

Repeated problem-solving through task switching.

Question 25

What are the key takeaways from Lecture 18?

Answer 25

Variable practice improves adaptability.

Constant practice accelerates initial learning.

Random practice enhances long-term retention.

Blocked practice is effective for early learning stages.

Hybrid schedules balance focused repetition and task variability.